Table Of ContentPhysiology in Clinical Neurosciences
Brain and Spinal Cord Crosstalks
Hemanshu Prabhakar Series Editor
Hemanshu Prabhakar
Indu Kapoor Editors
Brain and Heart
Crosstalk
Physiology in Clinical Neurosciences – Brain
and Spinal Cord Crosstalks
Series Editor
Hemanshu Prabhakar
Department of Neuroanesthesiology and Critical Care
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, India
Central nervous system that includes brain and spinal cord has high metabolic
demand. The physiology of the brain is such that it is easily affected by any altered
physiology of other systems which in turn may compromise cerebral blood flow and
oxygenation. Together the brain and spinal cord control our body systems to function
automatically. While other systems of body controls individual functions, central
nervous system at the same time does many different functions, especially,
controlling the function of other systems. However, only little is known that central
nervous system itself affects almost all the other systems of the body for example,
cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, genitourinary, gastrointestinal, hematological etc.
This interaction of brain and spinal cord with other systems makes it important for
us to understand how any kind of injury to the central nervous system may at times,
produce complications in remote organs or systems of the body. It is these lesser
known crosstalks between acutely or chronically affected brain and spinal cord and
other systems of the body that is discussed in this book series. Each system would
be considered in a separate book.
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/16228
Hemanshu Prabhakar • Indu Kapoor
Editors
Brain and Heart Crosstalk
Editors
Hemanshu Prabhakar Indu Kapoor
Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care
All India Institute of Medical Sciences All India Institute of Medical Sciences
New Delhi, India New Delhi, India
ISSN 2524-8294 ISSN 2524-8308 (electronic)
Physiology in Clinical Neurosciences – Brain and Spinal Cord Crosstalks
ISBN 978-981-15-2496-7 ISBN 978-981-15-2497-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2497-4
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To our parents and our families, with whom
lies our “heart,” and without whom our
“brains” fail to function!
Hemanshu Prabhakar
Indu Kapoor
Preface
Central nervous system that includes the brain and spinal cord has high metabolic
demand. The physiology of the brain is such that it is easily affected by any altered
physiology of other systems which in turn may compromise cerebral blood flow and
oxygenation. Together the brain and spinal cord control our body systems to func-
tion automatically. While other systems of body controls individual functions, cen-
tral nervous system at the same time does many different functions, especially,
controlling the function of other systems. This interaction of the brain with other
systems makes it important for us to understand how any kind of injury to the brain
may at times produce complications in remote organs or systems of the body such
as the heart. The nervous system is integrator of afferent information and modulates
the efferent (neuro-humoral) mechanisms of homeostasis. The cardiovascular sys-
tem performs a vegetative function and is central to homeostasis. It is teleological as
well as natural for cardiovascular responses to be in consonance with ongoing func-
tion of other organ systems of the body, for example, feeding, thermoregulation,
reproduction, and muscle activity. It is therefore logical that neural control of car-
diovascular system must interact with neural control of other organ systems like
motor activity, reproduction, gastro-intestinal tract, thermoregulation, and so and so
forth. It is these lesser known cross talks between acutely or chronically affected the
brain and the heart that is discussed in this book.
We are ever grateful to the contributors who believed in the proposed format of
the work. We are sure the readers would be benefited by the insights of the renowned
experts. The purpose of this volume will be truly accomplished if we are able to
improve the clinical conditions of our patients by providing better care.
New Delhi, India Hemanshu Prabhakar
New Delhi, India Indu Kapoor
vii
Acknowledgement
We wish to acknowledge the support of the administration of the All India Institute
of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, in allowing us to conduct this aca-
demic task.
We thank our team for their unconditional support and tireless efforts in helping
us fulfill our dreams—Charu Mahajan, Vasudha Singhal, and Nidhi Gupta. We
thank the faculty and staff of the Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical
Care, AIIMS, New Delhi, for their support.
Special thanks are due to the team of Springer—Naren Aggarwal, Gaurav Singh,
Jagjeet Kaur, and Suraj Kumar.
Hemanshu Prabhakar
Indu Kapoor
ix
Contents
1 Neurophysiology of Heart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Ashok Kumar Jaryal, Akanksha Singh, and Kishore Kumar Deepak
2 Physiology of Cardiovascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Ashok Kumar Jaryal, Akanksha Singh, and Kishore Kumar Deepak
3 The Brain–Heart Crosstalk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Anna Teresa Mazzeo, Valentina Tardivo, Simone Cappio Borlino,
and Diego Garbossa
xi
About the Editors
Hemanshu Prabhakar, MBBS, MD, PhD is currently working as a Professor in
the Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care at All India Institute of
Medical Sciences, New Delhi. He has research experience spanning over 20 years
and is a member of numerous national and international societies. His extensive
research in the field of neuroanesthesia and critical care has been published in vari-
ous national and international journals. Dr. Prabhakar is an eminent author and writ-
ten several books. He received the AIIMS Excellence Award 2012 for his
contributions to academia. He was featured in the Limca Book of Records 2019.
Indu Kapoor holds an MBBS from the Lady Hardinge Medical College and an
MD in Anesthesiology from University College of Medical Sciences, Delhi, and is
currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Neuroanaesthesiology and
Critical Care. She has published more than 75 research papers in national and inter-
national journals and contributed numerous book chapters. She also received the
prestigious Dr. TN. JHA Memorial award from the Indian Society of
Anaesthesiologists and the Smt. Chandra and Sh. Narayan Wadhwani memorial
award. She has edited three books related to neuroanesthesia, neurotrauma, and
geriatric neuroanesthesia. She is also a reviewer for national as well as international
journals.
xiii
