Bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchidae) biometrics, with observations on sexual dimorphism and intraspecific variation

22 Pages·2001·6 MB·English

by  Clifford B Frith

1
BOWERBIRD (PTILONORHYNCHIDAE) BIOMETRICS, WITH OBSERVATIONS ON
SEXUAL DIMORPHISM AND INTRASPECIF1C VARIATION
CLIFFORD B. FRITH AND DAWN W. FRITH
Frith, C. B. & Frith, D. W. 2001 06 30: Bowerbird (Ptilonorhynchidae) biometrics, with
observationsonsexual dimorphismand inlraspecific variation. MemoirsoftheQueensland
Museum 46(2): 521-542. Brisbane. ISSN0079-8835.
Australasian bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchidae) belong to 18 or 19 species made up of35
subspecies.Comprehensivebiomedicaldataarepresentedforthe Ptilonorhynchidae. Mean
values and ranges of measurements of each species and subspecies are given, and
interspecific and intraspecific variation in size and body proportions discussed. These and
plumagetraitsare usedtoassessspeciesand subspecies. Weaccept20species including3
subspecies. Ailuroedus crassirostris, Sericitlus aniens and Chlamydera guttata are
maintainedasspecies,whileC. nuchaiissubspeciesarcreducedfrom fourtotwo.Ailuroedus
melanotis joanae and Chlamydera guttata earteri are considered valid and Sericitlus
chrysocephalusrothschildiinvalid.GBowerbird, biometrics,sexualdimorphism, variation.
(HffordB. FrithandDawn W. Frith, Prionodura\P.O. Box58J, Malanda4885,Australia;
8May2000.
Gilliard (1969) considered the Australasian Sericitlus (Diamond, 1969; Lenz. 1999),
bowerbirds (Ptilonorhynchidae) consist of 8 Ptilonorhvnchus (Schodde & Mason, 1999) and
endemic genera, containing 18 species, with 32 Chlamydera (Frith & Frith, 1997a, 1999).
subspecies. With subsequent revisions the
Some bowerbird subspecies have been
present consensus has 18 or 19 species, and 35
subspecies (Beehler& Finch, 1985; Chri&stidis & vdairsitaitnigounis(hGeidlloinardg,eo1g9r6a9p;hiScaclhopdlduema&geMacnKdeasinz.e
Boles. 1994; Frith et a)., 1995; Frith Frith.
1997a,b, 1999; Schodde & Mason, 1999). 11997939;; DFriiatmho&ndF,rit1h9,691,99179a7,2b;;CSoactheosd,de19&90;MaLseonnz,,
Bowerbirds attract attention particularly 1999). We examine our biomedical data with
because ofthe elaborate bovvers 6 6 build and respect to subspecies defined by these authors.
decorate. These are related to their polygynous Differences in average population sizes has
mating system and associated 6 promiscuity limitations, given that size is a continuously
(Gilliard, 1963; Borgia, 1986). Adult 6 6 show varyingtrait. Whilethisisnotaformaltaxonomic
remarkable interspecific diversity of ornate revision, we record key broad plumage
plumages, bower structures and decorations, characters where appropriate.
courtship, and vocalizations. They use these in
complex and ritualised displays at traditional coGmbeinneartaionanodftthhoesierofseBqeeuhelnecre&hFeirnecihn(a1r9e85)a
sites (Diamon&d, 1986; Borgia, 1986, 1995; Frith, and Christidis& Boles(1994). Welargely follow
1970; Frith Frith, 1989, 1990, 1993, 1994,
1995a, 2000a,b,c,d; Johnsgard, 1994). Size Gilliard (1969) at the species and subspecies
differences between the sexes (6 6 typically levels. That is, as taxa are acknowledged in
Gilliard's species accounts. Since Gilliard's
plaorlgyegrytnhoauns9v9er)taerberapatretsicbuultarlnyopecrotmipnernethiennmsoisvte (1969) text was written Ailuroedus buccoides
review ofsize variation among bowerbirds has orootrhtsich(iMledies(,Sc1h9o6d4d)e, &Se.Macshorny,so1c9e9p9h)a,luCs.
been published. nuchaiis oweni and C, n yorki (Frith & Frith,
Gilliard (1969) provided size ranges for basic 1999) have been rejected. Al. h. cinnamomeus
traits without indicating either sample sizes or (Mees, 1964),Al. melanotisjoanae(Ford, 1977),
subspecific groupings. Cooper & Forshaw Am. macgregoriae kombok* Am. m. nubicola
(1977) gave measurements for "five or more (Schodde& McKean, 1973), Am. m. amati(Pratt,
specimens'1 o{species. Measurements for some 1982MW. m. lecmyae(Frith& Frith, 1997b)and
subspecies appear in Schodde & Mason (1999), C. guttata earteri (Frith & Frith, 1997a) have
without sample sizes or means. Biomedical data been erected orresurrected C. m. guttataandSe.
are available for Amblyornis (Schodde & aureus aniens have been raised to species level
McKean. 1973; Frith & Frith, 1997b, 199S). (Schodde, 1982; Lenz, 1999). We aeree with
.
522 Ml MOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND Ml'SI.1 IM
I Mi'.l'oE< dIu.sMheiatscucoriedm&se,nts (hum) snd WClghlS [g") tor ausnedvCehrrniasctuildairS n&amBeosleofsB(c1e9h9l4)ere&xcFeipntchS(po1r9t8e5d)
Catbird for Al melanotic and Yellow-breasted
W-rw rusuB Tntai 9rtl BiH Sll IffltiQft Bowerbird for C tauterbaehi] we retain the
lenglh lentrll. H<-.UJ wdtfi teplh traditional Black-eared Catbird and LauicrbachV
tengln
Bowerbird, respectively
A bbucaotai*;
UWnctMoi, „l,,1 138 90 363 631 314 101 173 METHODS
SI 777 3ad - li 099 71
MMom. 1ii2s3 1h9 4M16i B623.84 i3'359 |515i We examined all sc\ed skin specimens with a
1 il 14 i-l 2 14 13 1 locality of origin in 12 collections (see
FMeenattniUw. iflklH (30 it- 369 56.2 295 9,S 151 Acknowledgements). The catalogue numbers of
3MrD. 7i<t4e 76 3'4967 526240 IS3' 06636 15410 all specimens used and the measurcmcnis taken
MflM 140 34 41JO fil 1 1 152 to produce iables 1-21 are tabulated and lodged
r t=, |{ 14 7 ia IS 2 in the library ofthe Queensland Museum: copies
A shut* may be obtained from the authors or from the
UMMMea1mMamn. .,il,ir. M1l34_«-0Si 19B??I€' 1431086.16537 58Q97M78B 1230834.0465 019640..9969 51rs431f225l lhisi\btrChaerByff.laSwttittaehnndetdahreadnsidazemsdetrmianeisgathsrtuuermneeenmdtecsnh.ta"srdW,iwnemereealsetnuagrkteehdn'
b IE 16 'i 16 16 7 wi!l! aslopped steel decimal rule. 'Tailcentrals'is
rMtematanttn. Jilult 132 86 372 57.6 28.6 91 I4f1 the maximum length ofthe longest ofthe central
SMDM 119219 i6ala 3151.24 52.5184 216392 06143 9'0256 pan ofrectiices, hum point offeather entry into
u» 136 90 391 622 317 95 -:d skin to its terminal lip. and "tail length4 likewise
i 12 12 7 i< 7 but to the tip ofthe longest featherother than die
A b$*isfoaxum central pair, failS were measured with atl
UMaelaens fofcfl 134 90 37.7 504 104 9.7 I2.fi 139 unstopped narrow steel decimal rule. When
SnUUlDiw 4ii.41i-.a6-,' 349M46 404526 5163fb3t 32I27406265 0.a6401a 1'|37BI U1M2250369 (cleuensntugratalhllsya0n-1tdailo3ultemenrmgthta'di)ilffirseercegtnirtvi,eene.sonWwlehyreertehtehtehleosrnaegmeiers
Mi-euamnuttn, .jdutl 139 i- asi sun 291 B; 11 7 126 intragenenc variation, both arc given. Other
SD 457 J30 131 199 091 51 D.sa " measurements were taken with new line-pointed
nHMam 1r43i*9Q 497.391 33951325 650i39TC 2^60U95 a'ii! i2i-1 11350000 s(tceheelekeeldezcetrrooendicdadiilgyi]tatlo vtheerniueearrecsaillWihpoelres
A b.armamameus decimal point, 'Bill length is from the union of
SUMaDMkTr1a i*4uM 414.1a7 27991 3l9461 S1B831 310363 1051 lr-.ll ubiplpleaindmafonrdeisbkluelll(ipc.raWnieo-mmaexaislulraerdy hbiinllge)letnogtthhse
U,n.r.n. tia41o7= 90I55H 341717o9 6526I44I 32721681 i9'38I OmnalnydiIbrloem sapnedciomnenswhwiicihh athceomuplnedtaemaupgpeedr
Mrceiantates -1011II 133 B7 37.0 5/n 292 9.a 130 cranio-mavillarv hinge could be confidently
SD irfty 224 ' 19 dRs l41 52 located. i?il! w:idth' and 'bill depth' (of fully
tUlthn «14213 6&4 3J5B,34 556631 -3217,61 10075 closed bills only) were taken at the anterior
n 17 17 IB '7 '6 1 nostril edge. 'Total head length* is the maximum
411subspecies distance fromrearskulltotheuppermandiblelip,
Male* lufoK measured only from specimens retaining
MMMSMrbDmto-ii 11193423693 •9erH1s7 34£i812.3,7!'379 5O5i6966,S16891 3-207V99B01 uI90Ieef,rai23 112471606. IZ11MZ47H0172 sahupefpafediacrilecenontmgptshlkeutlfeligiunbrotenhsies.aircScsopemmeietnbiusmtpueanrcieismn\oetn"ssloamtroatsayml
Mficinawnlcfc itdult 131 at 363 M? 291 92 ii ; 129 length1 is from the intertarsa]joinl to the lower
SnMMiaOn* 41M394M1D1 39»77dQ5 4114|105f 65i325H229 i31r2Sf2*f(t:.1 01B50*7671 015|651 131104506020 etboidergsdesodifwvteehrregeel.asgteOnuuenrrdailvmlieydaesdsuisrmceiumlteaenr(tsstcoaloetf)hoblesifevoerfewritolhmde
museumspecimens, but v\eonly include livebird
measurements where samples of museum
thesedecisions. M- awslroxirts wasconsidered specimens are relatively small. Measurementsof
a subspecies Of 41 meluHulis b\ Nchodde & live birds included are tor 10 immalure/subadult
Mason 1999) but see our discussion herein. We o Sc dennmstris: 4 aduh and 2 immature 6 and
(
BOWERBIRD BIOMETRICS 523
2 9 Archboidiapapnemis sandfordt 1 subadult individual, given the similarities of 9 plumages.
and 42 immature £ Priortodura newtoniana; 3 We exclude conspicuously smaller individuals
adult, 1 subadult and 17 immature 6 Pi. (i.e. presumed juveniles-immatures). We do not
violaceus minor. describeplumages ofmonotypic species orthose
As a large majority of Schodde & Mason oavfainloambliena(tReandsu&bsGpielcliiearsd,as196t7h;esGeillairaerd,wi1d9e6l9y;
(wi1t9h9i9n)thweinlgimiatsndoftaoiulrlreannggtehs wraengceosnclfauldlewtehlalt CCooaotpeesr,&19F9o0r;shDaow,na1g9h7e7y;,Be1e9h9l6e;r eStchalo.,dd1e986&;
theirsamplesweresmaller. From oursampleswe Mason, 1999). In a few instances we refer to
evaluate previous assessments of several
numbered colours of Smithe (1975), with his
size-related characters. Gilliard (who used both
"culmen" and "culmen from base"), Cooper & nomenclature indicated by capitalisation.
Forshaw (1977) and Schodde & Mason (1999) Geographical ranges indicated do not include
controversial or vagrant records. West Papua
present"culmen length"or''exposedoilmen",as (WP) was Irian Jaya.
opposedtobill length. Culmen lengthisthesame
as exposed culmen, and is measured from where SYSTEMATIC NOTES
anterior forehead feathers no longer cover the
culmen to the bill tip, and is not of an entire Family PTILONORHYNCHIDAE
structure. Thus culmen measurements are
shorter, often exclusively, than our bill lengths. Ailuroedus buccoides (Temminck in
Culmen length appears more subjective and Temminck & Laugier, 1835)
variable than bill length and may mislead as it is White-eared Catbird
&
not structural bill length (Frith Frith, 1997c: (Tables 1 and 22)
173;Frith& Beehler, 1998;Ft violaceusbzlow): 9 9 average 5%smallerthan £ £ intail,tarsus
Some 6 £ have a nuchal or fullercrest, which andbill lengths,6%inbillwidth,7% inbill depth
wasmeasured from the posteriorcrest base to its and 9% in weight. Tail/wing ratio is 66%,
tip (Schodde & McKean, 1973). We also tarsus/wing 28% and bill/wing 22%.
measured crest length as viewed from above Measurements and body size ratios are near
(Frith & Frith, 1997b, 1998). All measurements uniformacrosssubspecies,exceptingetsI'crorum
are in mm. Weights (in grams) were noted from which has fractionally shorter wings. We follow
specimen labels. We include additional weights Mees (1964) in synonymising oorti with A. b.
obtained from live birds as follows: 27 adult 6 buccoides.
and 36 9 Al. m. maadosits; 46 adult and 10
2imimmamtautruere£6anadnd1 299ScA.r,depn.iisvaonsftorridsi;;379adaudlutlta,nd7 AiluroeidnuTsebmumcicnocikde&s bLuacugcioeird,es18(3T5e)mminck
subadult, 42 immature £ and 12 adult 9 Pr. Al, b, oortiRothschild& Hartert, 1913.
newtoniana;3 adult, 1 subadult,and32immature 9 9 average6%smallerinwing,tarsusandbill
<J Pt. v. minor, 14 adult, 4 subadult £ c5, and 1 lengths and bill width than ££. Sexual size
adult 9 C. maculata; 5 adult 6 C. nuchalis. dimorphism is little different in the other
Differences in weight between sexes are subspecies. Characterised as"Undersurfacepale
commented upon only where samples are cinnamon with large black dots; crown brown,
adequate, because body weight is subjectto bias usuallytingedwithgreenish."(Mees, 1964: 127).
W
with respect to time ofday/year recorded. Range: PapuaWn Islands (Is) and Vogelkop
dotihDmeaortrwapihsiaecresstpraeetcpeiode.rsteDdiantfawohrifocarhduml£atr£kseammdplalyyessheaxuvuneallealsyns SlBoiawryliawEnotdosR,uipvcpeoerasrt(FaRll)yiRnainnnosdrotcuhetnhtNrNeaelwwGeGGeuuliinvneieana.k(BTNarGiyt)ot.no
adult, subadult (i.e. trace to almost complete Ailuroedus buccoides stonii
adult £ plumage intruding into 9-type), and Sharpe, 1876
immature(purely 9-type)plumagearepresented
separately foreach agegroup. Formonomorphic Underparts deep cinnamon, black spots
species, in which adult 8 £ and 9 9 are similar smaller than other subspecies. Crown dark
but ct £ have a discemibly different immature blackish-brown, sometimes tinged greenish,
plumage, dataare given separately. Data for 9 9 distinctly blacker than in other subspecies.
are of adults, but some samples might Range: SF coastal Papua New Guinea (PNG)
inadvertently include the odd younger from Amazon Bay to upper Purari R, including
524 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
TABLE 2. Measurements (mm) and weights (g) for 1986), whichmay givetheerroneous impression
Ailwoeduscrassirostris. ofonly two subspecies.
Wing Tail Tarsus Total Bill Bill Weight Ailuroedus crassirostris (Paykul 815)
length length length head length width Green Catbird
length (Tables 2 and 22)
Males:adult 9 9 average 10% lighter than SS. Adult
Mean 166 124 471 647 34.0 10.0 215 tail/wing length ratio 74%, tarsus/wing length
SMiDn 713515 5.11610 410.9.f4i 529..560 311682 0.85.64 35.14617 28% andbill/wing length20%. Thusthis species
Max 179 139 50-0 696 36.0 10.6 289 is proportionately longer-tailed than Al. m.
nFemales'adult 38 36 37 25 37 36 13 maculosus (Table 3), to its N within Australia
Mean 161 120 458 63.1 33.2 38 193 Mean bill/tarsus length is 72.3% compared to
SD 6.03 5.35 2.16 2.15 1.64 0.51 15.20 77.5% in Al. m. maculosus. Range: Coastal
MMianx 115702 110267 4491..36 667043 3306,95 180..98 121619 Australia from Dawes Ranee (Ra), Qld to E of
n 25 25 26 11 26 26 7 Canberra in NSW.
Ailuroedus crassirostris has been considered
the Karimui, Bomai, Soliabeda areas, E the southern subspecies ofAl. melanotis(Pizzey,
Highlands (Diamond, 1972). 1980,1997; Simpson, 1984,1999; Schodde, 1976
a,b,1986) or a separate species (Mack, 1953;
Ailuroedus buccoides geislerorum Slater, 1974; Slater et al., 1989). Schodde &
Meyer, 1892 Mason (1999) argue that "maculosus cannot be
Al. h. mu/estus Rothschild& Hartert, 1929. combined with melanotis without bringing in
Underparts as in nominate form but, unlike it crassirostris as well", an argument we do not
and all other subspecies, crown light tan brown. accept. Whilethe 10 subspecies ofAL melanotis
The pure white ear covert feathering extends demonstrate considerable geographical
forwardontothelowerlores. Range:JapenIsand variation, theyall sharethe traits ofa darkcrown
north NG from Mamberamo R to Collingwood spottedwithconspicuouswhitetobuffmarkings,
Bay, PNG. stronglycontrastingblackchin featheringandear
covertsthatgivea"black-eared"appearance,and
Ailuroedus buccoides cinnamomeus broad dusky edging to predominantly whitish
Mees, 1964 throat and chest feathering to give a scalloped
Underparts save throat deep cinnamon, as in appearance.AsAl. crassirostris(a)lacks thefirst
stonii, with largeblackspots. Crown asnominate three characters, (b) has a greenthroat and chest
buccoides buton averagetingedmore green. We finely streaked by white central leatherlines, (c)
found, as did Mees (1964),thatatthe easternend is longer tailed and shorter billed than AL m.
ofits range 5 of6 individualshadadarkercrown maculosus and (d) is geographically isolated by
colour, thus approaching stonii further east. morethan600km,wetreatitasadistinctspecies.
Ranse: southWPfrom Mimika R, E toupperFly We find theacceptance ofAl. crassirostris asa
R and Lake Kutubu, PNG. species, on morphological and zoogeographical
AL h. geislerorum is distinctive in its palertan grounds, consistent with similar treatment ofC.
&
crown andwhite earcovert feathering extending guttataasdistinctfromC. man/tot/(Christidis
forward to include the lower lores. Stonii is Boles, 1994:74; Schodde & Mason, 1999). The
equally distinctive in its black crown and lores, latter are separated by 250 km. AL crassirostris
contrasting pure white ear coverts, and deep evolvedin isolation fromAL melanotisstock,the
cinnamon ventral colouration. A. b. buccoides issue being to what level of taxonomic
and cinnamomeus, have brown crowns (variably significance it has differentiated. Equivocal
washed greenish). Both have heavy black (Schodde & Mason, 1999) allele frequency data
spotting on the white ear coverts, but (Christidis & Schodde, 1992) supported
cinnamomeus has considerably darkercinnamon separationofcrassirostrisasa species. Given the
underpartsand usuallymorewhite(asopposedto foregoing, and that tissue samples remain
dark brown in buccoides) lower lores. These unavailable for the Aru Is population ofAL m.
differences are greater than the "northern form, melanotis, for AL m. arfakianus, and for other
brown cap" and "western and southern form, montane populations (Schodde & Mason,1999),
blackishcap"defined forfielduse(Beehleretal., we concur with Christidis & Boles (1994) in
6
BOWKRBIRD BIOMETRICS 525
TABLE 3. Measurements (mm) and weights (g) for A m.gutfaftcafl/s
Aihirot'tlus mcUmotis. Males adult
Mean 157 115 45.1 69.5 36.6 11.1
SMiDn 614194 210163 4i3,f1. 366046 314866 01,0739
Max 162 117 46.1 72.6 387 12
4 4 4 4 4 4
Females:adult
leWrivngtgh leTnagilth Tlaerngstuhs hTeotaadl leBnigllth wiBidltlh debipltlh Woghl SMMieDnan 41!754237 611001477 441316.636 66266.1450 331654..486 11006.259 :25?12.45
ii'i^if,
156 121 456 706 392 II6 235
A.m.meiaiob's 5 5 5 3 5 5
166 119 457 70.0 38.0 113 221 A m.asttgm&ttajs
MMma,x 61112573467 412211*524 2346.62.36587 267526.12654 3414126,3891 112072.2361 '221.4002031 3MMMaeDmlaens:adult 511524609 111262744 427.-513 66\754.89 303574936 1093..339 1Q2.1094461
Females, adult Ufa 161 128 51.3 680 364 10.6 21E
ise 115 436 656 106 n 5 5 5 2 5 5 3
695 417 1.54 3.13 78 Females adutl
147 no 409 614 334 90 Menn 153 123 46.1 659 346 9.7
1292 457 69,0 3799 114s 3MDm 10503 112412 40.52.19 06.59.92 03.4057 94.93
Max 153 124 462 66,6 346 10.0
A mmaeuiosus
Males:adult
Mean 149 103 438 63.2 34 9.8 14.1 179 A.m.(adults
SD 438 439 I81 157 1.36 0.52 0.77 1404 Males:adult
MMianx 115407 19142 3497..99 6606.04 3279..65 181.7 1124..87 210455 SMcDoji 416106 1i.1165 405596 317,.390 01.0390
n 57 40 41 23 45 42 5 40 Mn 155 115 45.3 366 105
Females:adutl Max 165 117 46B 39.2 11.2
SMeDan 614060 439f4l 413-821 62.2255 313334 0a553 13437 1410697 fFtemales:adult 6 4 4 3 4
136 90 40.2 57.9 309 ba 140 Mean 157 109 45.0 67.5 35.2 10.6
13596 106 473.00 57149 353.09 in3?0 145l 15909 SMMiDelni 4U1.68936 311.011436 404.259699 66184.,8992 331630,276 1913,991
A.m.artskiaous 7 7 7 4 7 7
Mains:adult
Mean 162 123 46.7 69.0 37.4 10.8 247 A m.mtsoaensts
SD 511 526 185 1B5 1.77 94 5.77 Males:adult
166 117 440 665 351 90 240 Mean 165 140 233
171 133 50.3 72.1 404 120 250 SD
II !2 12 it 3 Mm
Females adult Mm
SMeDan 21.7505 219129 416..016 465530 315.052 01.0662 12.1763 nFemales:adult 1
Min 161 116 45.2 588 341 9.7 215 Mean 1255 457 7 36.8 11.35
Max 158 123 478 688 366 11.2 218 SD 424 0.71 316 2.12 I48
5 5 5 4 5 5 3 Mm 166 125 43.4 353 103
Max 172 126 47.9 38.3 (24
A m. metenocrphafus 2 1 2 2
Males adult
Mean 156 113 467 68? 361 104 223 A m/osnae
SD 410 335 187 207 147 058 2914 Males adult
1i453137 1|3120B6 45213.511 67312854 34303.718 i9i.?!62 2206468 SMMieDnan 2[1844375 21.091062 441219.598 9 323233.932 e90.i78
FMeemaanles:adult 31.5900 31.1516 415429 62,5201 314.0Z3 10503 52.0236 nMFeamxales adult 1429 1012 44.23 1 3552 92i 1
Mil 143 t08 42,4 598 31. 9.3 198 Moan 137 94 40.2 59.6 322 8.9 150
12536 I223t 48223 682.10 362.13 11203 210 SMJDn 21.3836 43950 3190.14 5175.92 315.97 82.94 121.4012
A mjoomnsrs Mai 141 100 417 61.2 332 9i 158
2
Males:adult
SMeDan 316322 31.2818 427159 7105.95 319.403 0II,547 62.4462 Allsubspeoes
1|606B 112148 4530..18 6728.85 3471.30 110257 223554 SMMaeDlaens,adult 71B566 916186 425356 637.347 32629I 106.65 014,.717 3012956
SFMeeDmaanles adult 41521862 31,17I97I 42621362 659877 33166118222 0t.O4.11B2 202.3537 MMianx 111754107 1(943403 351613..6B5 67505.444 241813,$73 11623.746 1124785 21864585
1156273 1121754 4482879 6664694 3384.472 1110.272 226117 SMMFieeDnmaanles,adult 7t1953l63 101.910006 42349.-.1216 65347..1524 331406469 1088..403 101324._549 2711834270
Max 126 48.3 707 392 124 14.1 261
'02 S4 95 95 95 6 69
526 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
maintaining AL crassirostris as a separate TABLE 4. Measurements (mm) and weights (g) for
species. Scenopoeetes dentirostris.
Ailuroedus melanotis G.R. Gray, 1858
Wing Tail Tarsus Total Bill Bill Bill Weight
Black-eared Catbird length length length head length width depth
(Tables 3 and 22) length
Body ratios are similar to those of AL Mates adult
cinrasbislilrowsitrditsh. a9nd9 8av%eriangewe5ig%hts.maPlrloeprortthiaonns8o8f SMMieDnan 311484916 211.002406 32119..0479 551727.167 32i08.i37a 010.94437 1013.2.4653 1111.531822
size sexual dimorphism among the various nMax 13565 ':0\85 34304 59283 32395 11352 14240 15919
characters vary slightly between subspecies, but immature/subaduH
no pattern is evident. Subspecies are generally SMeDan 21.5801 11.0535 311..815 518.070 310..500 10.0341 5114 1214884
similar in leg/wingand bill towing length ratios, Min 146 m; 28 574 27.2 too 133 151
Max 155 106 330 597 314 107 149 185
but there is some variation in tail/wing length. n 10 a 7 5 7 7 7 1:.
Females:adult
Ailuroedus melanotis melanotis Mean 146 101 316 581 31 10.7 136 189
SD 316 308 1.42 137 1 16 39 061 12.62
(Gray, 1858). Min 136 96 294 540 281 95 12.7 157
Max 152 107 34.5 59.7 33.0 11.3 14.6 182
Darkerareasofheadplumageanddarkedging n 25 25 25 16 ^4 26 8 3
to the upperbreast leathers are blackishto black.
Am
NRaGnge: Is and Trans-Fly lowlands ofsouth overlap. Range: Australian WetTropics, from Mt
AmostoSeaview-PalumaRa,Queensland(Qld).
Ailuroedus melanotis arfakianus
Ailuroedus melanotis melanocephalus
Meyer, 1874
Ramsay, 1883
Tail/wing length ratio is 68%. The tail is thus
proportionately short, as is that ofjoanae (at Tail/wing length ratio is 78%. Like nominate
69%). Throat much darker than in melanotis form but underparts generally darker, blackeron
melanotis,beingblackspottedwithdirtywhiteto chest and throat, and more rufous below. Crown
pale buff down to the chest. The latter is not blacker, as the buff spots are slightly smaller
mdaarrkkeerdgbrleaecnkimsharakseidn mweiltahnontairsrmoewlanaontdisp,oibnutteids aI.n"d)./oRransgpea:rsmeoru(nmtoarienssoofinSEtwNoG,biwredsstftroomIl'eYruzloeg
palebufffeathercentres. Palepatch behindblack MOtwseinn nSotrtahnlaenyd,MHtyKdarroigmruaipihnesro,uthA,stirncolluadbien,g
ear coverts large and clear white; large spotting
ontheblackcrownpaler(whiteoralmostso)than Wharton and possibly Kralke Mts.
in melanotis melanotis. Range: Arfak and Ailuroedus melanotis jobiensis
TalasmorKauumMaowuantMatisn,sW(PMt(sD),iaVmoognedl,ko1p9,85)p.ossibly Rothschild, 1895
Dorsally like melanotis melanotisbut spotting
Ailuroedus melanotis maculosus ontheblackishcrown lesspurewhite,morebuff.
Ramsay, 1874
Vcntrally quite different in that the chin, throat
Head, nape and upper back less black and far and upper chest are blackish with only fine buff
palerthan in nominate form, with dark brownish spotting thereon. Remaining underparts similar
feather edges. Upper back spotting very small, to, but darker than melanotis melanotis. This
pale buff and feathers lacking blackish edging. subspeciesismorelikeguttaticollisventrally, the
Green ofback and upper tail paler and slightly throat to upperchest being darkerdue to smaller
more yellowish than in nominate form. pale spotting. White patch behind black ear
Underparts far paler buffy-white, more green, coverts more obvious than in most subspecies.
than in melanotis melanotis and feathers with Range: Bewani, Torricelli, Prince Alexander
broadbrown-greenedges.Chestfarpalerandless Mts, middle Idenburg R, and (tentatively)
heavily marked than melanotis melanotis. Adelbert Mts, NG.
Galbraith(inMees, 1982)found4 6 6 and2 9 9 Ailuroedus melanotis guttaticollis
had mutually exclusive maxilla depths 1-12.5
( 1 Stresemann, 1922
versus 0-10.5,respectively)which Mees (1982)
1
thought separated the sexes. In measuring bill Like nominate form but spotting ofcrown to
depth of 5 of each sex, we found considerable upper back more rufous, less buffy. Throat and
BOWHRBIRD BIOMHTRICS 527
chin much darkerand underparts generally more Ford (1977) resurrected joanae and defined
rufous. In colour and markings indistinct from some plumage characters (enlarged upon by
fobiensis. Range: Sepik and (tentatively) Jimi R, Schodde & Mason, 1999) distinctive from
PNG. maculosus. Ironically, the only character
Ailuroedus melanotis astigmaticus sMmaatlhleerwsth(an19m4a1c)uluosesdusi,ninsaimnivanlgidj.oaTnoatee,sttthhaitsiwt ies
Mayr, 1931 compared sizes ofjoanae (2 8 3 and 5 9$,
Tail/wing length ratio is 81%, this being the given that we agree with Ford (1977) that the
longest-tailed subspecies. Like melanotis holotype is 9 ) with northernmost maculosus.
melanotis but crown blacker, with fewer, finer, from MtFinnegan(4 3 6 ), GapCreek, 7kmNof
and paler spots. Range: mountains of Huon Bloomfield (3 3 8\ I 9), Granite Creek,
Peninsula, PNC Bloomiield R(3 3 3,4 $ ?), and Big Tableland
J.
Ailuroedus melanotis facialis Mayr. 1936 t(2hancTc<lJosse1st9)m.acRuelsouslutss.showjoanae no smaller
Tail/wing length ratio is 71%. Like nominate Scenopoeetes dentirostris (Ramsay, 1876)
form butthroat darker, less white and more buff. Tooth-billed Bowerbird
Spotting ofcrown and upper back much darker,
(Tables 4 and 22)
more cinnamon (123A to 123). This is not a
"poorly differentiated subspecies" (Cooper & 7% heavierthan 3 8 but this may bedue
,
Forshaw, 1977) when compared with its nearest to time of year few weights were taken. This
conspecific population ofAi m.jobiensis, as the species has by farthe shortestproportional tarsus
latterhasamuchdarkerthroat,breast,andcrown. length and is arboreal except when, rarely and
Range: Nassau and Oranje Mts, WP. briefly, on their forest floorcourts (Frith & Frith,
1994). Immature/subadult 3 3, ofTable 4, were
AiluMraoyerdu&sdmeelSacnhoatuinssemei,so1l9i-e3n9sis balyl tlihveeircopuarlte-matotuetnhdi(nbglbaicrkdsinidaednutlitfdiab3l\eFarsitshuc&h
anLdiakveeraargfiankgiamnuuschbultarbglearcbkuetrwaitthbassoemeofotvherrolaatp, CFroiothp,er19&95aF)o.rMsehaaswur(e19m7e7n)tsaroefnweianrgtlheenghtihghbeyr
(Mees, 1965). Range: Misool I, WP. limit of our sample, while most of their other
measurements are outside our ranges. As this is
Ailuroedus melanotisjoanae the only potentially lekking bowerbird (Frith &
Mathews, 1941 Frith, 199Sa) in which males form an exploded
Tail/wing length is 69%, the tail being similar (vocal rather than visual contact (Johnsgard,
in length to the other Australian subspecies 1994)) lek it is surprising to find adult 6 3 little
maculosus (68%). Compared to maculosus: largerthan 9 S (and less sothan inmonogamous
Ailuroedus). While Scenopoeetes has long been
smaller,blackeron crown, nape, andmantle, less
black on face and chin, throat whiter, lower considered closest to monogamous Ailuroedus,
breast, flanks, belly, ventrals and under tail on similarities in plumage and egg colour,
coverts far cleaner (less marked with buff-green behavioural andmoleculardataindicate itscloser
relationship to typical, polygynous, genera
ucfaentadbteihrrepdraserdtignsi.nhgaDv)iiafnnfgdertashllusfucrnlodemeanrwoyitenhleglrowcioAsvuhesrtotrnsatlphiuearsnee pKaurstmiciuelrasrlkvi Aemtbla'yLomi[9s93(,Fri1t9h97&; FSrcithho,dd1e993&;
Mason, 1999). Range: Australian Wet Tropics
white (save a few exceptions involving only the
outermost greater primary coverts). In AL uplands, from Mt Amos to Mt Elliot, Qld.
crassirosfris and AI. m. maculosus these feathers Archboldia papuensis Rand, 1940
are centrally heavily pigmented with
Archbold's Bowerbird
blackish-grey and their edges dirty whitish with (Tables 5 and 22)
the faintest of greenish wash in places.
Scalloping on chest notably blacker than on the 9 9 8%, 22%and9% shorterinwing, tail and
other Australian subspecies, but less black than tarsus lengths, respectively, than 3 3 but the
on the nominate form in New Guinea to which same in bill length. With a tail/wing length ratio
joanae is overall more similar than it is to of 96% (103% for 3 8 only) this is the
maculosus. Range: OLD, Australia. Pascoe R lonuest-tailed bowerbird. We assume (iilliard
and Iron Ra areas to Rocky R, Mcllwraith Ra. (1969) and Cooper & Forshaw (1977) included
Cape York Peninsula. some younger individuals in their adult 3 3
528 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
TABLE 5. Measurements (mm) and weights (g) of TABLE 6. Measurements (mm) and weights (g) of
Archboldiapapuensis. Amblyornis inornatus.
Wing Tail Tail Tarsus Total Bill Bill We>ght
lWenigntgh leTnagitlh ceTnablal Tlaerngstuhs hTeotaadl leBnigllth wiBdiltlh deBpiltlh Weight length length cleenntgrlahl length lheenagdth length width
length length
A.ppapuensis Males adult
Males:subadull Mean 134 93 93 36.4 607 30.1 P.4 \2P.
MSMeDman I12S5971 13572 3B.S 6&54l25 33302.82 SMMiaDnx 311342079 377 31880440 33i493.270 561737820 23173.4143 975713 1511505195
Max 160 40.2 662 33I n 2-3 26 23 19 27 27 12
iSnMmeDmaanture 3155082 916385 712275 4122.822 614012 312..4265 ift3.62 FMeemaanles:adult 311310 273i7 39010 310327 087 1512211
UMJmn 115663 112487 112306 4403.98 664299 3304.71 Br..f7i 112356 3343 333784 567387 232/.19 160.90 114065
n 4 4 4 3 4 4 17 14 9
Females:adult
Mean )46 126 116 381 64 334 aa
SD 4,39 3.63 6.35 173 1.42 1.60 33
Ujfl 122 112 366 626 31.0 ;5 papuensis hampers comparisons, adult 9 9
130 123 407 661 353
5 (Table 5) are smallerthan those ofsanfordi
A.p.sanfordi
Archboldia papuensis papuensis
SMMeDman 331695 811755396 111343A63 431367.044 661643630 33D3.1.9.156 0.r7i5-365 34130/ 3!1866640 Rand, 1940
nM.,« 12710 18309 IBS 452.19 391B5 35209 i 93 I906 Thesmallersubspecies, averaging6% smaller
iMmemaanture 165 152 137 43.4 663 33.6 8.3 a9 inwing and tarsus length, and 10% in tail length
SD 1BS 672 650 1.34 103 1.26 039 3ft 963 (9 9 only), but similar in bill size. This
116637 116425 1'3320. 4415.47 B64774 3315.5J 7.6 19063 117905 difference intail length isexclusive,therange in
Females:adult 7 7 7 3 5 this formbeing 122-130butinsanfordi 132-149.
158 140 130 40.4 653 U3 87 10.0 175 The adult tail/wing length ratio averages 96% in
SD 411746463 411834038 411332395 412.695I 6614600526 3311531569 01910.826 911486235 b8la8cka,nmdo8re5%grieny,9th9a.nPtlhuatmaogfesainsfgorednie.ralRlaynlgees:s
Ibele R (Balim Valley)to Lake Habbemaregion,
Malesadult Allsubspecies Oranje Mts, Nassau Ra and Wissel Lakes,
SMeDan 315465 81.7255 616428 4135.73 6163.26 303..963 085.84 318848 Weyland Mts area, WR
161 155 136 39.4 65 318 75
t?147 189 16154 45157 698 35.'96 9146 Archboldia papuensis sanfordi
sMuebaandutt 152 137 396 652 33.0 34 173 Mayr& Gilliard, 1950
SD 5.7 57 9 15 2 03 3.5
13468 114313 4308.92 6664.21 3332..18 B.2 1;77250 blaLcakregre.rTtahialn/pwianpguelnesnigsthparpatuieonasviesraangdespl1u0m3a%geisn
163 146 133 430 656 33.4 83 9.9 166 6 6 and 89% in 9 9 . Adult 8 6 fully crested.
snMMFeommmales:adult 411.56216732 1111.26517219 81182519001 441053.14982 66172.147908 33150313772 0.7376 01.303.3368 9!.i96n553 (GM7ae7pa-9n8a,nedSxDpSo5sK.e4adr1i).ucrRseasnRtgael:e(nuMgnttchoHnaofgfiern2m,0eGdi8loun8weK,iusTbao9r1ri
BI5740 813375 811206 319..957 6143.72 3133.65 a58 100108 914726 Ra), PNG (Coates, 1990).
144 122 112 366 62.6 310 7fl 93 163
163 149 139 427 685 356 B.7 10.2 185 Amblyornis inornatus (von Rosenberg
14 14 14
inSchlegel, 1873)
Vogelkop Bowerbird
(Tables 6 and 22)
becausetheirwing length ranges of 155-170 and
9 9 average fractionally smaller than 8 8 in
155-162 are small versus our 161-174. The two
body sizes and weight. Both sexes in this and
geographically isolated forms of this bird are other Amblyornis are identical or similar in
considered separate species &by some (Gilliard, tail/wing length ratios (Table 21 ), a trait shared
195L 1958, 1959; Peckover Filewood, 1976; byScenopoeetes amongpolygynous genera(and
Collar, 1986) and indistinct, or invalid, alsobymonogamousAiluroedus). Range: Arfak,
subspecies by others (Frith et al., 1995). While Tamrau, Wandammen, Kumawa, and Fakfak
lack of adult 8 specimens of papuensis Mts, WP(Diamond, 1987; Uy&Borgia,2000).
1
BOWERBIRD BIOMETRICS 529
TABLE 7. Measurements (mm) and weights fg) of Mates, adult
Attih/vornis maugrewinuc. Mean 135 91 90 371 582 278 67 128
SD 1,73 314 3.88 0.90 0,71 0.95 0.25 569
Min 133 89 67 36,2 576 268 6,4 122
Mo* 136 95 94 38 59 287 69 y,
n 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3
Winq Trill Tall Trtffcus Total Bill Bill Bill Weight immature
Itmgrh longtti centra! length head lenatti wiiitli denih Mean 134 91 89 36.3 587 281 73 126
-:t:...ih length SD 172 251 207 130 155 92 30 395
Mln 132 87 85 346 56D 288 7Q 125
J.m macnxjatum Ma* 137 95 92 38I 605 2S5 78 r«,
n 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7
SM.Dn 3t2325 3.a831?5 3B71E99 331760544 55n75M49 22686,039 Q76B.6E7 1311.204047 SFMeoDmaanles adffll 2,6315 25828 315215 507829 206401 0,7256 713330
Max 142 91 40. 593 30I B.fl 'V Min 128 65 337 57 275 73 i:ji
iMmemaanture 22 n22 2D 37.I3T 57.133 275 7242 1207 ton I--7 923 3841 6045 2954 738 IJ5,.
SO 355 1.43 1 16 123 046 22
MM,&,'M 12U6 91 3440..66 560561 2259.92 66..52 113190 MMaetaens adul» 128 62 357
IFIL!NI,lU*<.., .itlljll 22 19 22 16 22 14 SU!rn 11.2417 03852 314844
Mean 131 034 361 58.2 20.5 6.0 123 Mbp 129 325 37
5MMa0n, 31:432*231 3971082 3.7n072 313,130 551945149 022.79662 0695830 51M73510 A.m fecmyac
28 26 22 26 19 26 25 Mates, adult
Male? adult A m.germanus SMMeOmatt 11633!70 2857288 3,875056 3306,5.9385 55143.,s44i 22v75t9e9 08,7.5507
SMMM,ieO,i.avn 3111*3231045 1966275 2.86814169 33306.7499388 565I7594...8607 22207.688561 07673..6839 112074 nMiMmaemwaanture 1133155 88245 661S4 3367,557 55.a3 2273.657 7864
n 9 11 6 It II 5 SD 2DO t_20 225 346 0.59 42
iSMMtlmOwnmianture 1•2262 2288663 3B37436 330858386 55I35.J9f4l 246 07.3.17 21'61C47 MnMamx 1123393 88033 87339 3384.29 2287323 77.193
nMax '30 67E 3783 57.05 263 •',7 116 FMeeftainute-i adult 123 ":: II 379 266
Femalesadult
SMeDwi i1t152227795 ^599112 339799416 30336757.823 55i756381 22218796,.5585 8796.2253 716185 SMMMaeDmlaens adult 411332664 4807682All4s87u1636bspe32cI77i6e229s 55183.8423 221850297 766B27 09.H.3529 1211,203343
A mmayn Max 114052 996B 8955 4100,13 62541 310080 3964 968 12445
Males adult
Mean in 92 895 377 598 293 8.2 143 133 87 as 373 576 278 75 90 122
SMUlrDnn 2119343*3 308•t67a 2.968357 43(038863 256261044 23086498 97644 .'1i,4«5|64i SMMDamx 4'1324823 39a9n09 i9nif8, 431042096 561035,467 231412.266 0.865854 892.118 &1M31O09
n 22 21 20 22 10 21 21 ?. 72 70 65 71 46 72 71 2 "i5
SiMMlmeDnmaanture 311333671 47810 85767068 331750603 55I667467 22187.1940 7669H0 611422370 FMSeeDmaanles:adult 311632423 4807684 3877477 33I602.277 55i80961 22196.488i 0a.668a5 0984768 81I92074e
Max 143 9H 309 607 31.6 68 '3i 142 98 94 39.8 62.4 38.6 9.6 10! 140
15 14 15 15 15 82 82 69 83 54 &3 Bt 8 17
MMTI 134 89 86.6 364 59,1 30.2 66
SO 316 3.83 3.56 91 2,11 197 0.61
Min 127 83 80 34.4 549 273 7Q
Max 12462 2ai6l 94 36261 62143 386 9Ji6t Amblyornis macgregoriae De Vis. 1890
Macgregor's Bowerbird
A m wmBotm
Matra iirttrlt (Tables 7 and 22)
MMsiecnan 311632897 372B0 3r57-93- 321779419 551H5S.147 22869501 76542* 0983056 911.281570 V i1 average 9% wider in bill width than 6 6,
Max 144 fr. 90 40,0 r.r, ," 30t 63 96 i.:,- both sexes having all but the same bill length.
nimmature 37 32 27 JIG 17 37 35 5 Mean crest length from posteriorbaseof47
M5eDan 313665 26a0? 26534 379.78 5I72S6 277.89 07605 092.10 913251 is64(46-75. SD6.56)and exposedcrestlengthof
MMlann 114218 80 6B08 3389.22 55869 2269,63 6877 0£.18 1M304 96 & ':. 82(52-r05, SD 10.26).
n 17 17 17 17 10 (7 17 2 7
Females adurt Amblyornis macgregoriae macgregoriae
3Me0Msn 313113 ;'8942 29M1i 31694I 527314 288.08 0.8734 U94?8 1411340 DeVis, 1890
Win 127 75 5G.G 27S 7.u 55 i2u
Wax 133 98 39,e 59.7 302 S8 101 140 Most similar in size to kombok and in
19 18 19 19 «9 19 7 2
proportions, for both sexes, to nuhicnla and
Kombok r 5 average 5% widerinbillwidth than
530 MHMnlKS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM
fABl.E S. Mensureni rite (mm) and weight* (ci of vieau cresl length from posteriorbase ol 28
63 (5 1 -7I .SI)4^:(andexposedcresrlen-tli
of 32 Jrj 84 (72-03 SI) 5.50). Crest rather
.Vin.j Tal TcM , 1sut Tula! Bill Bill i/Ve.ght dense. Throat and upper breast pale-brownish
1:-i.jih lengtht*ntrafc iffogth ,;,„.. tength widlfi olive; lower breast, abdomen, and under
,.,..,! tail-coverts rather bright light huffy brown
(Schodde ^ Mckean. 973 Range: kuhor,
Ma><w adult I I.
A4^in IE5 as 65 M6 56-1 259 73 96 liagen and Bismarck Ra, central PNG, probably
U&M.Dni- 1r3ia,0n [dMtffl J.7&275 ;31i05(w?I 651D44.640 22183a,55 960r1 a\VndtoEattolRerasattkthceRaSt(rSicckhloadnddeR&orMcHkienadnen,be10r7g3)R.a.
n ,i: gfi 1 29 22 29 :s t
5M.uDeUasnilull 1i0?0j 18175 86 1.41 506.452 2053-14 J750I 96 AmblySocrhnoidsdeni&acMgcrekgeoarni,ae1n9u7h3ieola
Min V12 66 65 329 s&a 25t £6
M«» |JH 3fl S7 it? 56t. 76 The lad/wing length ratio fractionally longer
n J 3 3 3 2 3 3 1
'irinuiliire than average fbi die species (as in xenmtntts), In
SnMPMMfaDomMxioinaleii iidult sm|1ta*2no4a1 :a891[9f453l a.a93Ijs28D. 33.4t357,17169& 55s152u9a98a5 22^15740.I9064T B785.15512E tt1|.£03f648i 5SbMiVeDl-lai;nw75.i7de5tx()hpn.,os-3ve..d2cSrcerDasevts=te3rllaeegn0neg}gtthh1an3fod%rfo3mwraitdphoeesrjtre8tr3hdi(aoe7nrn5-sb?9aec0sTh,,e
SMMlDeFIan %WXA 287e7i4 2a3sa6o 3J4C71 5565.62 216I5B o67a7Ba 9io96g56 cofLfheeer-edb,roewnnu.reRaunngdeef:r sMulrfaSciempusniofno-rDmlayymdaulnl
Mna* 1z\z\ 2-\2 2I2G 16224 sa.157 29.61 8251 1252 F Owen Stanlev Ra, probablv W to Ml
Suckling, PNG (Schodde & Mckean, 1973).
Mean cast length Irom posterior base of Amblyornis macgregoriac amati
»5 md exposed crcsl lenWgth of 22 4 i M1 Prail, mi
(l5l5e-r^/2o,g SRDu 9.t5o0)W. ROawngeen: StanklueykukRau,kuI and suhs2pcdeicssp,ewciitmhenwsinigndliecnagtteh tchliossesis! t\h&egesfmmaalflteUsSt
excludingAranee of 4m. w, nubic&la to ihe E and tail as in lecwyttg. Mean crest length from
(Schodde Mckean, 1073). posteriorbase of 1 J 71 ajid exposed crest length
\mfoivoriiis niacgregoriae gerraanus of: ;' ' 54 (52-57, SD 3.18), Chin, throat and
Rothschild, 191(1 upperbreastdarkolive bmwn, only slightly paler
than side of head and forehead; breasl medium
Bothsexesa\et&ge7% lighterand tiacnonally coffee brown. Range: Adelbert Mts. lJN(i.
smaller in wing length than inacgp&g&ttdte
maegregoriae, hut almost identical to it m tail Amblyornis m2acgregoriae lecrovae
length and similar in Tarsus and bill lengths and Frith Frith, 1997
bill width. Mean crest length from posterior hase A small and particularly short-tailed form,
of3 $ c5 48 (46-50, SD 2.08) and exposed crest similar to amati in sue. fail/wing length
length of IQ 5 6 68 (56-79. SI) 6.51), Range: averages fractionally shorterthan forthespecies.
mountains of Huon Peninsula, PNQ Of 5 .' :' . mean crest length from posterior base
Amblyornis niacgregoriae mayri o4 <62-66. SD 1 .64) and exposed crest length 76
(67-83., SD 6.64). Darker WanWd more
Marten, 1930
brown-orange t\vcwkofiiholc Ramie: slopes
I he largest subspecies -",, widei 111 bill OJ Ml Kosavi.PNG
widththan 6 6 Mean cresi length fawn posterior
base 0f2 tJ cj 7-2 (71-73, SD 1,63) and exposed Amblyornis subalaris Sharpe, ISS4
crest length of 22 i 1 90 (79-LQ5, SD 7.79). Streaked Bowerbird
Range: WeviandMts. Wl3h tai Wllidenburg {Tables Sand 22)
I
Mts, extreme western PNi i. Smallest, and relatively shortest winged,
4mhlvornis macgregnriae komhok Amblyornis species. V 5 average fractionally
Sehodd. & Mckean, 1973 mailer than 6 • • . Mean crest length from
I'rioi baseof 1 5 50; theexposed erest length
Similarinsizeand proportionstothe nominate of 2«J 61 (50-72, SI) 5.79). and that of a
form. In bill width. 9 ? average [2% largerthan crested 9 30. The species is known to have