Table Of ContentBOUNDARIES AND JUSTICE
THE ETHIKON SERIES IN COMPARATIVE ETHICS
Editorial Board
Carole Pateman
Series Editor
Brian Barry Sohail H. Hashmi David Miller
Robert P. George Will Kymlicka Philip Valera
Michael Walzer
The Ethikon Series publishes comparative studies on ethical issues of current impor-
tance. By bringing scholars representing a diversity of moral viewpoints into structured
dialogue, the series aims to broaden the scope of ethical discourse and to identify
commonalities and differences between alternative views.
TITLES IN THE SERIES
Terry Nardin, ed., The Ethics of War and Peace:
Religious and Secular Perspectives
David R. Mapel and Terry Nardin, eds.
International Society: Diverse Ethical Perspectives
David Miller and Sohail H. Hashmi, eds.
Boundaries and Justice: Diverse Ethical Perspectives
Simone Chambers and Will Kymlicka, eds.
Alternative Conceptions of Civil Society
Nancy L. Rosenblum and Robert Post, eds.
Civil Society and Government
BOUNDARIES AND JUSTICE
DIVERSE ETHICAL PERSPECTIVES
Edited by
David Miller and Sohail H. Hashmi
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS PRINCETON AND OXFORD
Copyright © 2001 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street,
Princeton, New Jersey 08540
In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press,
3 Market Place, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1SY
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Boundaries and justice : diverse ethical perspectives / edited by David Miller
and Sohail H. Hashmi.
p. cm.—(Ethikon studies in comparative ethics)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-691-08799-7 (alk. paper) — ISBN 0-691-08800-4 (pbk.: alk. paper)
1. Ethics. I. Miller, David (David Leslie) II. Hashmi, Sohail H., 1962-
III. Series.
BJ1012.B598 2001 172—dc21 2001021155
This book has been composed in Goudy
Printed on acid-free paper. °°
www.pup.princeton.edu
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
(Pbk.)
Contents
Acknowledgments vii
Contributors ix
Introduction
David Miller and Sohail H. Hashmi 3
One
Christian Attitudes toward Boundaries: Metaphysical and
Geographical
Richard B. Miller 15
Two
The Value of Limited Loyalty: Christianity, the Nation, and
Territorial Boundaries
Nigel Biggar 38
Three
Toward a Liberal Theory of National Boundaries
Loren Lomasky 55
Four
Hard Borders, Compensation, and Classical Liberalism
Hillel Steiner 79
Five
Territorial Boundaries and Confucianism
Joseph Chan 89
Six
Boundaries of the Body and Body Politic in Early Confucian
Thought
Michael Nylon 112
Seven
International Law, Boundaries, and Imagination
Robert McCorquodale 136
Eight
Territorial Sovereignty: Command, Title, and the Expanding
Claims of the Commons
Raul C. Pangalangan 164
vi CONTENTS
Nine
Islamic Perspectives on Territorial Boundaries and Autonomy
M. Raquibuz Zaman 183
Ten
Religion and the Maintenance of Boundaries: An Islamic View
Sulayman Nyang 203
Eleven
Land and People: One Jewish Perspective
David Novak 213
Twelve
Contested Boundaries: Judaic Visions of a Shared World
Noam]. Zohar 237
Thirteen
Territorial Boundaries: A Liberal Egalitarian Perspective
Will Kymlicka 249
Fourteen
Group Boundaries, Individual Barriers
Russell Hardin 276
Fifteen
Boundaries, Ownership, and Autonomy: A Natural Law Perspective
Joseph Boyle 296
Sixteen
In Defense of Reasonable Lines: Natural Law from a Natural
Rights Perspective
Jeremy Rabkin 317
Seventeen
The Ethics of Boundaries: A Question of Partial Commitments
Daniel Philpott 335
Index 361
Acknowledgments.
THIS BOOK is the result of a dialogue project organized by the Ethikon Institute
in collaboration with the Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Af-
fairs and the University of Wisconsin Center for International Studies. The
trustees of the Ethikon Institute join with Philip Valera, president, and Carole
Pateman, series editor, in thanking all who contributed to the success of this
project.
We are especially grateful to Joan Palevsky, the Carnegie Council, and the
Center for International Studies for major financial support, and to other gen-
erous donors, including the Sidney Stern Memorial Trust, Harold Guetzkow,
the Carl N. Karcher Trust, and the Stanley K. Sheinbaum Trust.
In addition to the authors, the project was greatly enhanced by the active
participation of other dialogue partners: Brian Barry, Richard Friedman,
David Kennedy, Friedrich Kratochwil, Andre Liebich, David Little, David
Lumsdaine, David R. Mapel, Terry Nardin, Joel H. Rosenthal, Mark Tessler,
and Michael Walzer.
Special thanks are due to Joel H. Rosenthal, president of the Carnegie
Council, and his colleagues Eva Becker and Ulrike Klopfer for hosting
the dialogue meetings at Merrill House in New York, and for their gracious
hospitality.
Five contributors to this book were not present for the Merrill House dia-
logue meetings, and we thank them for agreeing to join the project at later
stages: Nigel Biggar, Robert McCorquodale, Raul Pangalangan, Daniel
Philpott, and Jeremy Rabkin.
We are particularly indebted to David Miller and Sohail Hashmi for taking
on the challenging task of editing this book. We are also grateful to Ann
Himmelberger Wald, editor-in-chief, and Ian Malcolm, our editor at Prince-
ton University Press, for their valuable guidance and continuing support.
About the Sponsors for This Volume
The Ethikon Institute, a nonprofit organization, is concerned with the social
implications of ethical pluralism. Its dialogue-publication programs in interso-
cietal relations, civil society, family life, and bio-environmental ethics are
designed to explore a diversity of moral outlooks, secular and religious, and to
clarify areas of consensus and divergence between them. By encouraging a
systematic exchange of ideas, the Institute aims to advance the prospects for
agreement and to facilitate the accommodation of irreducible differences. The
viii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Ethikon Institute takes no position on issues that divide its participants, serv-
ing not as an arbiter but as a neutral forum for the cooperative exploration of
diverse and sometimes opposing views.
The Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs is a nonprofit organi-
zation founded in 1914 by Andrew Carnegie to affirm, explore, and nurture
the interrelationship of ethics and foreign policy. The Carnegie Council
strongly believes that ethics, as informed by the world's principal moral and
religious traditions, is an integral and inevitable component of all policy deci-
sions in the realms of economics, politics, and national security. By promoting
a greater understanding of the values and conditions that ensure peaceful rela-
tions among nations, the Carnegie Council hopes to contribute to a better life
for people everywhere.
The Center for International Studies of the University of Wisconsin-Milwau-
kee is a National Resource Center funded by the United States Department of
Education. National Resource Centers are intended to ensure that the United
States possesses the expertise and knowledge to carry out its responsibilities in
world affairs.
Contributors
Nigel Biggar holds the Chair of Theology in the Department of Theology and
Religious Studies at the University of Leeds, where he specializes in the field
of religious ethics and public life. He has a long-standing interest in the
conflict in Northern Ireland and has published for the Belfast press on the
peace process.
Joseph Boyle is professor of philosophy and principal of St. Michael's College
at the University of Toronto. He has published extensively on applied eth-
ics and moral theory, and is co-author with John Finnis and Germain Grisez
of Nuclear Deterrence, Morality and Realism. A past president of the Ameri-
can Catholic Philosophical Association, he has been part of the contempo-
rary effort to understand and develop Catholic natural law theory.
Joseph Chan is associate professor of political theory at the University of Hong
Kong. He has published articles in major journals including Ethics, History
of Political Thought, Journal of Democracy, and Oxford-Journal of Legal Studies.
His current research focuses on Confucian political philosophy, human
rights in Asia, liberalism, and Aristotle's political philosophy.
Russell Hardin is professor of politics at New York University and a fellow of
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He is also a trustee of the
Carnegie Council on Ethics and International Affairs and a former editor of
the journal Ethics. His publications include Collective Action and One for
AH: The Logic of Group Conflict as well as many articles in major journals.
Sohail H. Hashmi is assistant professor of international relations at Mount Hol-
yoke College. He is the editor of State Sovereignty: Change and Persistence in
International Relations, and the author of numerous articles on Islamic eth-
ics. He is currently completing a book analyzing the contemporary Islamic
discourse on war and peace.
Will Kymlicka is professor of philosophy at Queen's University, Ontario. He is
author of Liberalism, Community, and Culture, Contemporary Political Philoso-
phy, and Multicultural Citizenship, which was awarded the Macpherson Prize
by the Canadian Political Science Association and the Bunche Award by
the American Political Science Association. He is also the author of Justice
in Political Philosophy and The Rights of Minority Cultures, and coeditor (with
Ian Shapiro) of Ethnicity and Group Rights.
Loren Lomasky is professor of philosophy at Bowling Green State University
and contributing editor to Reason and Liberty magazines. He is the author of
Persons, Rights and the Moral Community, for which he was awarded the
