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Botnets
T H E K I L L E R W E B A P P
Craig A. Schiller
Jim Binkley
David Harley
Gadi Evron
Tony Bradley
Carsten Willems
Michael Cross
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You should always use reasonable care,including backup and other appropriate precautions,when
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Syngress Media®,Syngress®,“Career Advancement Through Skill Enhancement®,”“Ask the
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KEY SERIAL NUMBER
001 HJIRTCV764
002 PO9873D5FG
003 829KM8NJH2
004 BAL923457U
005 CVPLQ6WQ23
006 VBP965T5T5
007 HJJJ863WD3E
008 2987GVTWMK
009 629MP5SDJT
010 IMWQ295T6T
Botnets: The Killer Web App
Copyright © 2007 by Syngress Publishing,Inc.,a division of Elsevier,Inc.All rights reserved.Except
as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976,no part of this publication may be reproduced or dis-
tributed in any form or by any means,or stored in a database or retrieval system,without the prior
written permission of the publisher,with the exception that the program listings may be entered,
stored,and executed in a computer system,but they may not be reproduced for publication.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
ISBN-10:1-59749-135-7
ISBN-13:978-1-59749-135-8
Publisher:Andrew Williams Page Layout and Art:Patricia Lupien
Acquisitions Editor:Gary Byrne Copy Editors:Michelle Melani,Darlene Bordwell,
Technical Editors:Craig Schiller, and Adrienne Rebello
Jim Binkley Indexer:Richard Carlson
Cover Designer:Michael Kavish
For information on rights,translations,and bulk sales,contact Matt Pedersen,Director of Sales and
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Acknowledgments
Syngress would like to acknowledge the following people for their kindness
and support in making this book possible.
This may seem like a strange place to thank bankers,attorneys,and accountants,
but these folks have all played a role in the success of Syngress Publishing:
Jim Barbieri,Ed Remondi,Anne Marie Sharpe,and their team at Holbrook
Coop in Holbrook,MA.
Gene Landy,Amy Mastrobattista,and Beth Grazio at Ruberto,Israel & Weiner
in Boston.
Timothy D.MacLellan,at Morgan & Morgan,PC in Hingham,MA,along
with his associate Darci Miller Nadeau.
v
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Lead Authors
and Technical Editors
Craig A.Schiller (CISSP-ISSMP,ISSAP) is the Chief Information Security Officer for
Portland State University and President of Hawkeye Security Training,LLC.He is the
primary author of the first Generally Accepted System Security Principles.He was a
coauthor of several editions of the Handbook of Information Security Management and a
contributing author to Data Security Management.Craig was also a contributor to
Combating Spyware in the Enterprise (Syngress,ISBN:1597490644) and Winternals
Defragmentation,Recovery,and Administration Field Guide (Syngress,ISBN:1597490792).
Craig was the Senior Security Engineer and Coarchitect of NASA’s Mission Operations
AIS Security Engineering Team.Craig has cofounded two ISSA U.S.regional chapters:
the Central Plains Chapter and the Texas Gulf Coast Chapter.He is a member of the
Police Reserve Specialists unit of the Hillsboro Police Department in Oregon.He leads
the unit’s Police-to-Business-High-Tech speakers’initiative and assists with Internet
forensics.
Jim Binkley is a senior network engineer and network security researcher at Portland
State University (PSU).Jim has over 20 years of TCP/IP experience and 25 years of
UNIX operating system experience.Jim teaches graduate-level classes in network secu-
rity,network management,and UNIX operating systems at PSU.He provides the uni-
versity with various forms of network monitoring as well as consulting in network
design.In the past Jim was involved in the DARPA-funded “secure mobile networks”
grant at PSU along with John McHugh.His specialties include wireless networking and
network anomaly detection,including the open-source ourmon network monitoring
and anomaly detection system.Jim holds a Master of Science in Computer Science
from Washington State University.
Contributors
Tony Bradley (CISSP-ISSAP) is the Guide for the Internet/Network Security site on
About.com,a part of The New York Times Company.He has written for a variety of
other Web sites and publications,including PC World,SearchSecurity.com,
WindowsNetworking.com,Smart Computing magazine,and Information Security magazine.
Currently a security architect and consultant for a Fortune 100 company,Tony has driven
security policies and technologies for antivirus and incident response for Fortune 500
companies,and he has been network administrator and technical support for smaller com-
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panies.He is author of EssentialComputer Security:Everyone’s Guide to E-mail,Internet,and
Wireless Security(Syngress,ISBN:1597491144).
Tony is a CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional) and ISSAP
(Information Systems Security Architecture Professional).He is Microsoft Certified as an
MCSE (Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer) and MCSA (Microsoft Certified Systems
Administrator) in Windows 2000 and an MCP (Microsoft Certified Professional) in
Windows NT.Tony is recognized by Microsoft as an MVP (Most Valuable Professional) in
Windows security.
On his About.com site,Tony has on average over 600,000 page views per month and
25,000 subscribers to his weekly newsletter.He created a 10-part Computer Security 101
Class that has had thousands of participants since its creation and continues to gain popu-
larity through word of mouth.In addition to his Web site and magazine contributions,
Tony was also coauthor of Hacker’s Challenge 3 (ISBN:0072263040) and a contributing
author to Winternals:Defragmentation,Recovery,and Administration Field Guide (ISBN:
1597490792) and Combating Spyware in the Enterprise (ISBN:1597490644).
Tony wrote Chapter 4.
Michael Cross (MCSE,MCP+I,CNA,Network+) is an Internet Specialist/Computer
Forensic Analyst with the Niagara Regional Police Service (NRPS).He performs com-
puter forensic examinations on computers involved in criminal investigation.He also has
consulted and assisted in cases dealing with computer-related/Internet crimes.In addition
to designing and maintaining the NRPS Web site at www.nrps.com and the NRPS
intranet,he has provided support in the areas of programming,hardware,and network
administration.As part of an information technology team that provides support to a user
base of more than 800 civilian and uniform users,he has a theory that when the users
carry guns,you tend to be more motivated in solving their problems.
Michael also owns KnightWare (www.knightware.ca),which provides computer-
related services such as Web page design,and Bookworms (www.bookworms.ca),where
you can purchase collectibles and other interesting items online.He has been a freelance
writer for several years,and he has been published more than three dozen times in
numerous books and anthologies.He currently resides in St.Catharines,Ontario,Canada,
with his lovely wife,Jennifer,his darling daughter,Sara,and charming son,Jason.
Michael wrote Chapter 11.
Gadi Evron works for the McLean,VA-based vulnerability assessment solution vendor
Beyond Security as Security Evangelist and is the chief editor of the security portal
SecuriTeam.He is a known leader in the world of Internet security operations,especially
regarding botnets and phishing.He is also the operations manager for the Zeroday
Emergency Response Team (ZERT) and a renowned expert on corporate security and
espionage threats.Previously,Gadi was Internet Security Operations Manager for the Israeli
government and the manager and founder of the Israeli government’s Computer
Emergency Response Team (CERT).
Gadi wrote Chapter 3.
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David Harley (BA,CISSP) has written or contributed to over a dozen security books,
including Viruses Revealed and the forthcoming AVIEN Malware Defense Guide for the
Enterprise.He is an experienced and well-respected antivirus researcher,and he also holds
qualifications in security audit (BS7799 Lead Auditor),ITIL Service Management,and
medical informatics.His background includes security analysis for a major medical research
charity and managing the Threat Assessment Centre for the U.K.’s National Health Service,
specializing in the management of malware and e-mail security.His “Small Blue-Green
World”provides consultancy and authoring services to the security industry,and he is a
frequent speaker at security conferences.
David cowrote Chapter 5.
Chris Ries is a Security Research Engineer for VigilantMinds Inc.,a managed security
services provider and professional consulting organization based in Pittsburgh.His research
focuses on the discovery,exploitation,and remediation of software vulnerabilities,analysis
of malicious code,and evaluation of security software.Chris has published a number of
advisories and technical white papers based on his research.He has also contributed to sev-
eral books on information security.
Chris holds a bachelor’s degree in Computer Science with a Mathematics Minor from
Colby College,where he completed research involving automated malicious code detec-
tion.Chris has also worked as an analyst at the National Cyber-Forensics & Training
Alliance (NCFTA),where he conducted technical research to support law enforcement.
Chris tech-edited Chapters 8 and 9.
Carsten Willems is an independent software developer with 10 years’experience.He has
a special interest in the development of security tools related to malware research.He is the
creator of the CWSandbox,an automated malware analysis tool.The tool,which he devel-
oped as a part of his thesis for his master’s degree in computer security at RWTH Aachen,
is now distributed by Sunbelt Software in Clearwater,FL.He is currently working on his
PhD thesis,titled “Automatic Malware Classification,”at the University of Mannheim.In
November 2006 he was awarded third place at the Competence Center for Applied
Security Technology (CAST) for his work titled “Automatic Behaviour Analysis of
Malware.”In addition,Carsten has created several office and e-business products.Most
recently,he has developed SAGE GS-SHOP,a client-server online shopping system that
has been installed over 10,000 times.
Carsten wrote Chapter 10.
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