Bothalia Volume 37

2007·12.8 MB·English

ISSN00068241 =Bothalia
Bothalia
A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH
Vol. 37,2 Oct. 2007
TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS OFTHE SOUTHAFRICAN NATIONAL
BIODIVERSITY INSTITUTE PRETORIA
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BOTHALIA
Bothalia is named in honour ofGeneral Louis Botha, first Premier and Minister ofAgriculture of
the Union ofSouthAfrica. This housejournal ofthe SouthAfricanNational Biodiversity Institute,
Pretoria, is devoted to the furtherance ofbotanical science. The main fields coveredare taxonomy,
ecology, anatomyandcytology. Twoparts ofthejournal andan indextocontents, authors andsub-
jectsarepublishedannually.
Threebookletsofthecontents(a)toVols 1-20,(b)toVols21-25 and(c)toVols26-30,areavailable.
STRELITZIA
Aseries ofoccasional publications on southernAfrican flora and vegetation, replacing Memoirs of
theBotanicalSurveyofSouthAfricaandAnnalsofKirstenboschBotanic Gardens.
MEMOIRSOFTHE BOTANICALSURVEYOFSOUTHAFRICA
Thememoirsareindividualtreatisesusuallyofanecologicalnature,butsometimesdealingwithtax-
onomyoreconomicbotany. Published;Nos 1-63 (manyoutofprint). DiscontinuedafterNo. 63.
ANNALSOFKIRSTENBOSCH BOTANIC GARDENS
A series devoted to the publication of monographs and major works on southern African flora.
Published:Vols 14—19(earliervolumespublishedassupplementaryvolumestotheJournalofSouth
AfricanBotany). DiscontinuedafterVol. 19.
FLOWERING PLANTS OFAFRICA(FPA)
This serialpresentscolourplates ofAfricanplantswithaccompanyingtext. Theplatesareprepared
mainlybytheartistsatthe SouthAfncanNational BiodiverityInstitute. Manybotanicalartistshave
contributed to the series, such as Fay Anderson, Peter Bally, Auriol Batten, Gillian Condy, Betty
Connell,StellaGower,RosemaryHolcroft,KathleenLansdell,CythnaLetty(over700plates^Claire
Linder-Smith and Ellaphie Ward-Hilhorst. The Editor is pleased to receive living plants ofgeneral
interestorofeconomicvalueforillustration.
FromVol. 55, twentyplatesarepublishedatirregularintervals.
An indextoVols 1^9 isavailable.
FLORAOFSOUTHERNAFRICA(FSA)
A taxonomic treatise on the flora ofthe Republic ofSouth Africa, Lesotho, Swaziland, Namibia
andBotswana, theFSA containsdescriptionsoffamilies, genera, species, infraspecifictaxa, keysto
genera and species, synonymy, literature and limited specimen citations, as well as taxonomic and
ecological notes.
ContributionstotheFSA alsoappearinBothalia.
PALAEOFLORAOFSOUTHERNAFRICA
Apalaeofloraon apatterncomparabletothatoftheFloraofsouthernAfrica. Muchofthe informa-
tion is presented in the form oftables and photographic plates depicting fossil populations. Now
available:
Molteno Formation(Triassic)Vol. 1. Introduction.Dicroidium, 1983,byJ.M. &H.M.
Anderson.
Molteno Formation(Triassic)Vol. 2. Gymnosperms (excludingDicroidium), 1983,byJ.M. &
H.M.Anderson.
ProdromusofSouthAfricanMegafloras. DevoniantoLowerCretaceous, 1985,byJ.M. &H.M.
Anderson. Obtainable from:A.A. BalkemaMarketing, Box 317, Claremont7735, RSA.
TowardsGondwanaAlive. Promotingbiodiversityandstemmingthe SixthExtinction, 1999,by
J.M.Anderson (ed.).
SANBI BIODIVERISITYSERIES
A series ofoccasional reports on projects, technologies, workshops, symposia and other activities
initatedbyorexecuted in partnershipwith SANBI.
BOTHALIA
AJOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH
Volume 37,2
Scientific Editor: G. Germishuizen
Technical Editor: B.A. Momberg
'
:: 1 o:. ; C.; (o '
t:t‘v
.n T
national
biodiversity
institute
S A N B
I
2 CUssoniaAvenue, Brummeria, Pretoria
Private Bag XlOl, Pretoria 0001
ISSN 0006 8241
Oct. 2007
Editorial Board
D.F. Cutler Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
B.J. Huntley SouthAfricanNational BiodiversityInstitute, CapeTown, RSA
P.H. Raven Missouri Botanical Garden, StLouis, USA
M.J.A. Werger UniversityofUtrecht, Utrecht, TheNetherlands
Acknowledgements to referees
Applequist,MsW.L. MissouriBotanicalGarden, StLouis,USA.
Archer,MrsC. SouthAfricanNational BiodiversityInstitute, Pretoria,RSA.
Archer,DrR.H. SouthAfricanNationalBiodiversityInstitute,Pretoria,RSA.
Bruyns, DrP. DepartmentMathematics,UniversityofCapeTown, RSA.
Burgoyne,MsP. SouthAfricanNationalBiodiversityInstitute, Pretoria, RSA.
Dold,T. SelmarSchonlandHerbarium,AlbanyMuseum, Grahamstown,RSA.
Esler, Prof K.J. UniversityofStellenbosch, Stellenbosch,RSA.
Geldenhuys,Prof C.J. Forestwoodcc, P.O. Box228, LaMontagne,Pretoria,RSA.
Glen,DrH.F. SouthAfricanNational BiodiversityInstitute,Durban, RSA.
Henderson, MsL.AgriculturalResearchCouncil,Pretoria, RSA.
Ihlenfeldt, Prof. DrH-D.Waabs/Langholz,Gennany.
Knevel,DrI.C. UniversityofGroningen,Haren,TheNetherlands.
LeMaitre,DrD. CSIR,Environmentek, Stellenbosch,RSA.
McNeill, DrJ. Royal BotanicGarden, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.
Miller,DrA.J., SaintLouisUniversity, St. Louis,USA.
Nordenstam,Prof. R.B.NaturhistoriskaRiksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Randall,DrR.P. DepartmentofAgriculture& Food, BentleyDeliveryCentre,WesternAustralia.
Rejmanek, DrM. UniversityofCalifornia, Davis, Califomia,USA.
Rutherford,DrM.C. SouthAfricanNationalBiodiversityInstitute,CapeTown, RSA.
Saez,DrL. UniversitatAutonomadeBarcelona, Bellaterra,Barcelona, Spain.
Smithies, Mrs S.J. SouthAfricanNationalBiodiversityInstitute, Pretoria,RSA.
Snijman, DrD. SouthAfricanNational BiodiversityInstitute,CapeTown,RSA.
Turland, DrN.J. Missouri Botanical Garden, StLouis,USA.
VanWyk, Prof.A.E. UniversityofPretoria, RSA.
CONTENTS
Bothalia 37,2
1. A revision ofOrnithogalum subgenus Aspasia section Aspasia, the chincherinchees (Hyacinthaceae).
J.C. MANNING,M. MARTINEZ-AZORINandM.B. CRESPO 133
2. NamechangesintheOldWorldRhusandrecognitionofSearsia(Anacardiaceae). R.O. MOFFETT .... 165
3. New species and notes on Hesperantha (Iridaceae) in southern Africa. P. GOLDLATTand J.C. MAN-
NING 177
4. New species ofDrimia (Hyacinthaceae: Urgineoideae) allied to Drimia marginata from Western and
NorthernCape, SouthAfrica. J.C. MANNINGandP. GOLDBLATT 183
5. NotesonAfricanplants:
Boraginaceae. Lobostemon lasiophyllus: discovery ofa link specimen in Stockholm, the correct
authorcitationandsynonymy. M.H. BUYS, B.NORDENSTAMandR. VOGT 196
Crassulaceae.BryophyllumproliferumnaturalizedinKwaZulu-Natal,SouthAfrica.N.R.CROUCH
andG.F. SMITH 206
Crassulaceae. Crassulastreyirecorded fromthe Eastern Cape, SouthAfrica. N.R. CROUCH and
T.J. EDWARDS 208
Didiereaceae/Portulacaceae. Ceraria kaokoensis, a new species from Namibia, with notes on
gynodioecyinthegenus.W. SWANEPOEL 202
Iridaceae.Aristeanigrescens(subgenusPseudaristea),anewspeciesfromWesternCape,SouthAfrica
withanovelstrategyforpollinatorattraction.J.C.MANNINGandP.GOLDBLATT 189
Iridaceae.Niveniaargenteamisunderstood,andthenewspeciesNiveniainaeqiialis(Nivenioideae).
J.C. MANNINGandP. GOLDBLATT 192
Pedaliaceae. Dewinteria, a new semisucculent, cliff-dwelling genus endemic to the Kaokoveld,
Namibia. E.J.VANJAARSVELDandA.E.VANWYK 198
6. Stem diameter and bark surface area ofthe fluted trunk ofBalanites maughamii (Balanitaceae). VL.
WILLIAMS,K. BALKWILLandE.T.F.WITKOWSKI 211
7. Invasive,naturalizedandcasualalienplantsinsouthernAfrica:asummarybasedontheSouthernAfrican
PlantInvadersAtlas(SAPIA). L. HENDERSON 215
8. SeasonalvariationinsoilseedbanksizeandspeciescompositionofselectedhabitattypesinMaputaland,
SouthAfrica. M.J.S. KELLERMANandM.W.VANROOYEN 249
9. Obituary: IanFrederickGarland(1925-2007). E. POOLEY 259
10. SouthAfricanNational Biodiversity Institute: administration and research staff31 March 2007, publi-
cations 1 April2006-31 March2007. Compiler: B.A. MOMBERG 261
11. GuideforauthorstoBothalia 283
New combinations, species, statuses and varieties in Bothalia 37,2 (2007)
Aristea nigrescensJ.C.Manning& Goldblatt, sp. nov., 189
Ceraria kaokoensisSwanepoel, sp. nov.,202
Dewinteria VanJaarsv. &A.E.van Wyk,gen. nov., 198
Dewinteria petrophila (De Winter) VanJaarsv. &A.E.van Wyk,comb,nov., 198
DrimialigulataJ.C.Manning& Goldblatt, sp. nov., 186
DrimiapulchromarginataJ.CMaww/wg& Goldblatt,sp.nov., 185
DrimiavermiformisJ.C. & Goldblatt, sp. nov., 184
Hesperanthaacutasubsp. tugwelliae (R.C.Foster) Goldblatt&J.C.Manning,comb, etslatnov., 182
Hesperantha helmei Goldblatt&J.C.Manning, sp. nov., 179
Hesperantha XWhKoXnJ.C.Manning& Goldblatt, sp.nov., 180
HesperanthalongistylaJ.C. & Goldblatt, sp. nov.. Ill
Niveniainaequalis Goldblatt&J.C.Manning, sp. nov., 195
OrnithogalumcorticatumMart.-Azorln,sp. nov., 140
Searsiaacocksii (Mojfett)Moffett, comb, nov., 166
Searsiaacuminatissima (R.Fern. &A.Fern.)Moffett,comb, nov.,166
Searsiaalbida (Schousb.) Moffett,comb, nov., 167
Searsiaalbomarginata (Sond.)Moffett, comb,nov., 167
Searsiaanchietae (Figalho&HiernexHiern) Moffett, comb, nov., formaanchietae, 167
Searsia anchietae (Figalho&HiernexHiern) Moffettforma mendon^ae (Meikle) Moffett, comb, nov., 167
Searsiaanchietae (Figalho&HiernexHiern) Moffettformasuffruticosa (Meikle)Moffett,comb, nov., 167
Searsia angolensis (Engl.) Moffett,comb, nov.,formaangolensis, 167
Searsiaangolensis (Engl.)Moffettfonnaglabrescens (R.Fern.) Mojfett, comb, nov., 167
Searsiaarenaria (Engl.) Moffett,comb,nov., 167
Searsiaaucheri (Boiss.) Moffett,comb, nov., 167
Searsia batophylla (Codd)Moffett,comb, nov., 167
Searsia blanda (Meikle) Moffett,comb, nov.,formablanda, 167
Searsia blanda (Meikle) Moffettformaexelliana (Meikle)Moffett,comb, nov., 167
Searsiabolusii (Sond. exEngl.)Moffett,comb, nov., 167
Searsia brenanii (Kokwaro) Moffett, comb, nov., 167
Searsiaburchellii (Sond. exEngl.) Moffett,comb, nov., 167
Searsiacarnosula (Schonland)Moffett,comb, nov., 167
Searsiachirindensis (Bakerf) Moffett,comb, nov., 167
Searsiacrenata (Thiinb.) Moffett,comb, nov., 167
Searsiacrenulata (A.Rich.) Moffett,comb, nov., 167
Searsiadiscolor (E.Mey. exSond.)Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsiadissecta (Thiinb.)Moffett, comb, nov., 168
Searsiadivaricata (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Moffett,comb,nov., 168
Searsiadracomontana (Moffett) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsiadregeana (Sond.) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsiadumetorum (Exell) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsiaengleri (Britten) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsiaerosa (Thiinb.)Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsiafanshawei (R.Fern. &A.Fern.) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsiafastigata (Eckl. &Zeyh.) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsia flexicaulis (Baker) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsia gallagheri (Ghaz.) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsia gerrardii (Harv. exEngl.) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsiaglauca (Thunb.) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsia glaucescens (A.Rich.) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsia glutinosa (Hochst. exA.Rich.) Moffett abyssinica (Oliv.) Moffett, comb, nov., 168
.
Searsia glutinosa (Hochst. exA.Rich.) Moffett, comb, nov., subsp. glutinosa, 168
Searsia glutinosa (Hochst. exA.Rich.) Moffettsubsp. neoglutinosa (M.G.Gilbert) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
Searsia gracilipes (Exell) Moffett,comb, nov., 168
IV
Searsiagracillima (Engl.)Mojfettvar. glaberrima(Schdniand)Moffett, comb, nov., 168
Searsiagracillima (Engl.)Moffett,comb, nov.,var. gracillima, 168
Searsiagrandidens (Harv. exEngl.)Moffett,comb, nov., 169
Searsiagrossireticulata (Vander Veken) Mojfett,comb, nov., 169
Searsiaharveyi(Moffett)Moffett,comb, nov., 169
Searsiahorrida (Eckl. &Zeyh.)Moffett, comb, nov., 169
Searsiahumpatensis (Meikle) Moffett,comb, nov., formahumpatensis, 169
Searsiahumpatensis (Meikle)Moffettformasubglabra (R.Fern.)Moffett,comb, nov., 169
Searsiaincisa (L.f.)FA.Barkleyvar. effusa (Presl) Moffett,comb, nov., 169
Searsiakeetii (Schdniand)Moffett,comb, nov., 169
Searsiakirkii (Oliv.)Moffett, comb, nov., 169
Searsiakrebsiana (PreslexEngl.)Moffett,comb, nov., 169
Searsiakwangoensis (Vander Veken)Moffett,comb,nov., 169
Searsia kwazuluana (Moffett)Mojfett,comb, nov., 169
Searsialaevigata (L.)FA. Barkleyvar. laevigataformacangoana (Moffett)Moffett,comb, nov., 169
Searsialaevigata (L.)FA.Barkleyvar. villosa (L.f.)Moffett,comb, nov., 169
Searsialeptodictya (Diels) T.S.Yi,A.J.Mill. &J.Wenformapilosa (R.Fern. &A.Fern.)Moffett, comb, nov., 169
Searsialongipes (Engl.)Moffett, comb, nov.,var. longipes, 170
Searsialongipes (Engl.)Moffettvar. elgonensis (Kokwaro)Moffett,comb, nov., 170
Searsialongipes (Engl.) Moffettvar. schinoides (R.Fern.) Moffett,comb, nov., 170
Searsialongispina (Eckl. &Zeyh.)Moffett,comb, nov., 170
Searsiaiucens (Hutch.)Moffett,comb, nov., 170
Searsialucida (L.)FA.Barkleyformaelliptica (Sond.)Moffett, comb, nov., 170
Searsialucida (L.)F.A.Barkleyformascoparia (Eckl. &Zeyh.) Moffett,comb, nov., 170
Searsia magalismontana (Sond.)Moffett,comb,nov., subsp. magalismontana, 170
Searsia magalismontana (Sond.)Moffettsubsp. coddii (R.Fern. &A. Fern.)Moffett, comb,nov., 170
Searsiamagalismontana (Sond.) Moffettsnhsyi. trifoliolata (Bakerf.)Moffett, comb, nov., 170
Searsia maricoana (Moffett)Moffett,comb, nov., 170
Searsiamarlothii(Engl.) Moffett,comb, nov., 170
Searsiamontana (Diels)Moffett,comb, nov., 170
Searsiamonticola (Meikle)Moffett,comb, nov., 170
Searsiamysorensis (G.Don) Moffett, comb, nov., 170
Searsianebulosa (Schdniand) Moffett,comb, nov., formanebulosa, 170
Searsianebulosa (Schdniand) Moffettformapubescens (Moffett)Moffett,comb, nov., 170
Searsianitida (Engl.)Moffett,comb, nov., 171
Searsiaobtusata (Engl.)Moffett, comb, nov., 171
Searsiaochracea (Meikle)Moffett,comb, nov.,var. ochracea, 171
Searsiaochracea (Meikle)Moffettvar. saxicola (R.Fern. &A.Fern.) Moffett,comb, nov., 171
Searsiapallens (Eckl. &Zeyh.) Moffett,comb, nov., 171
Searsiapaniculata (Wall, exG.Don) Moffett, comb, nov., 171
Searsiapendulina (Jacq.)Moffett,comb, nov., 171
Searsiapentheri (Zahlbr.) Moffett,comb, nov., 171
Searsiapondoensis (Schdniand)Moffett, comb, nov., 171
Searsiapopulifolia (E.Mey. exSond.) Moffett,comb, nov., 171
Searsiaproblematodes (Merxm. &Rdssl.)Moffett, comb, nov., 171
Searsiapterota (Presl)Moffett,comb, nov., 171
Searsiapuccionii (Chiov.) Moffett,comb, nov., 171
Searsiapygmaea (Moffett) Moffett,comb, nov., 171
Searsiapyroides (Burch.) Moffett, comb,npv.,var. pyroides, 171
Searsiapyroides (Burch.)Moffettvar. dinteri (Engl.) Moffett, comb, nov., 171
Searsiapyroides (Burch.) Moffettvar. gracilis (Engl.)Moffett, comb, nov., 171
Searsiapyroides (Burch.)Mojfettvar. integrifolia (Engl.) Moffett,comb, nov., 171
Searsiarefracta (Eckl. &Zeyh.)Moffett,comb, nov., 172
Searsiarehmanniana (Engl.) Moffett, comb, nov.,var. rehmanniana, 172
Searsiarehmanniana (Engl.) Moffettvar. glabrata (Sond.) Moffett,comb, nov., 172
Searsiaretinorrhoea (Steud. exOliv.)Moffett,comb, nov., 172
Searsiarigida (Mill.)FA.Barkleyvar. dentata (Engl.) Moffett,comb, nov., 172
V
Searsiarigida (Mill)FA.Barkleyvar. margaretae(BurttDavyexMoffett)Moffett,comb, nov., 172
Searsiarimosa (EckJ. &Zeyh.) Moffett,comb, nov., 172
Searsiarogersii(Schonland) Moffett, comb, nov., 172
Searsiarudatisii(Engl.)Moffett,comb, nov., 172
Searsia ruspolii (Engl.)Moffett,comb, nov., 172
Searsiascytophylla(Eckl. &Zeyh.) Moffett,comb, nov.,var. scytophylla, 172
Searsiascytophylla (Eckl. &Zeyh.) Moffett\&x. dentata (Moffett) Moffett,comb, nov., 172
Searsiasekhukhuniensis (Moffett)Moffett,comb,nov., 172
Searsiasomalensis (Engl.) Moffett,comb, nov., 172
Searsiasqualida (Meikle)Moffett,comb, nov., 172
Searsiastenophylla(Eckl. &Zeyh.)Moffett,comb, nov., 172
Searsiatenuinervis (Engl.) Moffett, comb,nov., 172
Searsiatenuipes (R.Fern. &A.Fern.)Moffett,comb, nov., 173
Searsiathyrsiflora (Balf.f) Moffett,comb, nov., 173
Searsiatransvaalensis (Engl.) Moffett, comb, nov., 173
Searsiatridactyla (Burch.) Moffett, comb, nov., 173
Searsiatripartita (Ucria) Moffett,comb, nov., 173
Searsiatumulicola (S.Moore)Moffett,comb, nov.,var. tumulicola, 173
Searsiatumulicola (S.Moore)Moffettvar. meeuseana (R.Fern. &A.Fern.)Moffett,comb,nov.,formameeuseana, 173
Searsiatumulicola (S.Moore)Moffettvar. meeuseana (R.Fern. &A.Fern.)Moffettformapumila (Moffett)Moffett,
comb, nov., 173
Searsiavolkii (Siisseng.) Moffett, comb, nov., 173
Searsiawellmanii (Engl.)Moffett,comb, nov., 173
Searsiawildii (R.Fern. &A.Fern.) Moffett,comb, nov., 173
Searsiawilmsii (Diels)Moffett,comb, nov., 173
Searsiazeyheri (Bond.) Moffett,comb, nov., 173
VI
Bothalia37,2: 133-164(2007)
A
revision of Ornithogalum subgenus Aspasia section Aspasia, the
chincherinchees (Hyacinthaceae)
J.C. MANNING*,M. MARTINEZ-AZORIN** andM.B. CRESPO**
Keywords:chincherinchees,Hyacinthaceae,OrnithogalumL.,SouthAfrica,subgenusAspasia(Salisb.)Oberm.,taxonomy
ABSTRACT
ThespeciesofOrnithogalumL.subgenusAspasiasectionAspasiaarerevised.SectionAspasiaisdefinedbyarosetteof
lanceolatetooblongleaves;large,boat-shaped,±petaloidbracts;moderately-sizedwhite,yellowororangeflowers,sometimes
withdarkcentralmarkings;thin-textured,ellipsoidcapsulesthatareenclosedbyandconcealedwithinthepersistent,papery
perianth;andangular,colliculatetoechinulateseeds.Twelvespeciesarerecognizedinthesection,separableintothreeseries
basedonseedmorphology.O.conicumisredefinedtoexcludespecimensfromtheEasternCape,whicharerecognizedasO.
synanthifoliiim,andO.conicumsubsp.strictiimisraisedtospeciesstamsasO.strictwn.ThecircumscriptionofO.dubium
isexpandedtoincludeO.fimbrimarginatumandO.subcoriaceum,previouslydistinguishedonaccountoftheirlongerstyles.
CollectionsfromtheRoggeveldEscarpmentandKleinRoggeveldthatwerepreviouslyincludedinO.fimbrimarginatumare
recognizedasthenewspeciesO.corticatumMart.-Azorin,onthebasisoftheirunusual,thick,cartilaginousoutertunicsand
puberulousadaxialleafsurface.O.ceresianumisremovedfromthesynonomyofO.thyrsoidesandrecognizedasadistinct
speciesonaccountofitsextensiveglossyblacktepalmarkings,wingedinnerfilaments,andglossyblackovary.Thepoorly
known O.puberulum ismorefully describedbasedonseveralrecentcollections, and O. leeupoortenseisneotypifiedin
theabsenceofanyoriginaltypematerial.O.nipestreandO.multifoliumareregardedascolourformsofthesamespecies,
forwhichO.nipestreistheoldername. Similarly,O.roussouwiiisadepauperate,paleformofO.maculatumandisthus
includedinthesynonomyofthatspecies.ThecircumscriptionofO.pruinosumremainsunchanged.ThespeciesO.baurii,O.
diphyllumandO.sephtoniifromtheDrakensbergMountainsofEasternCapeandKwaZulu-Natalareexcludedfromsection
Aspasiaonthebasisoftheirturbinatecapsulesthatareexposedbythereflexedtepals.Eachspeciesisfullydescribed,with
accompanyingdiscussionofvariationandrelationships,adistributionmap.andanillustration.
CONTENTS INTRODUCTION
Abstract 133 Hyacinthaceae, a predominantly Old World family,
Introduction 133 is distributed throughout Africa and the Mediterranean,
Materialsandmethods 134 extending through central to easternAsia, with a single,
Taxonomy 134 small genus in the Andes Mountains in South America
OrnithogalumL 134 (Speta 1998). Around 400 ofan estimated total of700-
SubgenusAspasia(Salisb.) Oberm. sectionAspasia 135 900 species are endemic to southern Africa, making it
Keytospecies 135 one of the most important geophyte families in south-
Series 1 Aspasia 135 ern Africa, exceeded in numbers only by the Iridaceae.
21.. OO.rnsiytnhanotghailfuolmiiciomniEc.uM.mhJeaicgqht 113358 wHeysatceirnnthwaicnetaeer raarienfaelslperceigailolny, wnhuimcehroiussonienotfhtehesomuatihn-
3. O. corticatiimMart..-Azonn 140 centresofdiversityforthefamily.
Series2Thyrsoides 143 Among the more common and conspicuous members
4. O. L.Bolus 143 here are the large-flowered species of Ornithoglaum L.
5. O. thyrsoidesJacq 143 subgenus Aspasia (Salisb.) Oberm., known colloquially
6. O. ceresianumY.M..hQigh\. 146 as chincherinchees, an onomatopoeic sobriquet derived
Series3 Maculata 147 from the sound produced when the stems are rubbed
7. O. dubiumHoutt 147 together (Smith 1966). Several species in this group,
8. O.pruinosumF.M.height 152 especially O. thyrsoides, are a characteristic part ofthe
9. O. maculatumJacq 152 southwestern Cape spring, occurring in enormous popu-
10.(9. nipestreL.f. 155 lations in lowland areas around Cape Town and further
11.0. leeupoortense U.Mull.-Doblies & D.MiilL- north into Namaqualand. Their extreme toxicity (Van
Doblies 156 Wyk et al. 2002) enables them to colonize overgrazed
12.O.puberulumOberm $ 158 lands with impunity, and their ease of cultivation and
Excludedspecies 160 long vase-life have made them important horticultur-
Acknowledgements 161 ally. Several selections ofO. dubium and O. thyrsoides
References 161 are available commercially as cut-flowers and further
Otherspecimensexamined 162 breedingprogrammesareongoing. Thetaxonomyofthis
group, however, is farfrom fullyunderstoodandseveral
ofthespeciesarenotoriouslydifficultto identify.
* ComptonHerbarium, SouthAfricanNationalBiodiversityInstitute,
PrivateBagX7,7735Claremont,CapeTown. The southern African species of Ornithogalum have
EB*-*omxaCiI9l9B:,OmEa-([email protected],igoS.dpiavien.rsidad),UniversidaddeAlicante,P.O. bwietehntrheeviwsoerdkthorfeeLetiigmhetsoinn(t1h9e44la,st19s4i5xt)y.yTehairss,rebveigeiwnnwiansg
E-mail:[email protected];[email protected]. the first complete regional treatment ofthe genus since
MS.received:2006-11-28. Baker’s (1897) account for the Flora capensis, with the
,
134 Bothalia37,2(2007)
apparently significant advantage gained from examina- O. corticatiirn and O. synanthifolium; medium (1-2 mm
tion of living material collected in the wild. Leighton, long), in O. ceresiamim, O. strictum and O. thyrsoides;
like Baker before her, was impressed by the great vari- and small (0.5-1.0 mm long), in the remaining speeies.
ability among populations in the fonn ofthe inner fila- The species are arranged in three series aeeording to
ments, which may be slender and awl-like, lanceolate, thesesizeclasses.
with orwithoutsmallbasal expansions, orconspicuously
winged. Flower colour is another source of variation,
ranging from pure white through various milky-white or MATERIALSANDMETHODS
buffshades to yellow, orange or reddish orange, with or
without small to large dark central markings. Defining This study is based on an examination of dried her-
hertaxa verynarrowly, Leighton (1944, 1945) described barium specimens as well as living plants studied during
numerous species to accommodate the different combi- extensive field work undertaken thoughout the southwest-
nations of these characteristics, ultimately recognizing ern Cape. The herbarium specimens studied inelude the
21 speciesandmanyforms inthegroup(Leighton 1945). completecollectionsinBOL,K,NBGandSAM,thetypes
With further study, however, it became clear that many ofallnames,andselectedspecimensfromPRE. Specimens
of these species represented nothing more than local examinedare listedatthe end. Seeds were examinedwith
populations. Obermeyer(1978),whowasthefirsttopro- bothlightandscanningelectronmicroscopy.
pose a more formal recognition ofthe chincherinchees,
as the Aspasiae group of subgenus Aspasia, adopted a
much broader view ofthe species in her monograph on TAXONOMY
tciheesgreenucso,gnriezdeudciinngOt.heciornniucmwnb.erOrtoni1t0h,owgiathhtmtwdoispuhbysUpuem- Ornithogalum L., Species plantarum: 306 (1753).
Type: O. iimbellatiiniL. (videSteam 1983).
Bakerfromthe KwaZulu-Natal Drakensberg, unaccount-
ably left outofLeighton’s treatment, was includedasthe Deciduous or rarely evergreen perennials. Bulb subter-
efloelvleonwtehdmbeymbMeurlloefr-thDeobglrioeusp.&ThiMsultlreera-tDmeonbtliweass(l1a9r9g6e)l,y raanndearnoootrsteopcikgearlh,izsoumbagtlooubso,setuonricrsaresloymeptoiomrleysdsecvaelel-olpiekde
who formalized the group as section Aspasia. The sec- or loosely overlapping, usually white but rarely pinkish;
tion was expanded slightly to include two additional outerbulbtunicsmembranous,papery, orleathery.Leaves
species, O. constrictum F.M.Leight. and O. inclusiim 1-several, green or dry at flowering, erect or spreading,
F.M.Leight., which had been placed by Obemieyer in linear to oblong or filiform, sometimes very sueculent,
the Hispidaspasiae group, and was subdivided into two usually glabrous but sometimes pubescent or glandular-
subsections and six series. The species in Obenneyer’s pubeseent, margins smooth, eiliate, fringed, or hyaline,
Aspasiae group were dispersed among four series in two sheaths sometimes persistent and forming a papery or
subsections: Aspasia, Leenpoortensia U.Mull.-Doblies
& D.Miill.-Doblies and Maculata U.Mull.-Doblies & weakly to stronglyfibrous, sometimes horizontally barred
sheath around base of stem. Inflorescence a several- to
DtTr.eiMraieitUla.lsM.pu-aDlsolib.al-iDeUos.bMlouifleslsu.b-s&DeocbtDli.ioMenisill&.-DoDb.lMiaienisdllso.ef-rDiosebuslbRisieeiscs.tpieosAn- msmhaoonrryet-eftnlheaodnweaoxrnieesd,; oprreadcsueenmcceul,ned,sraourmseuelatylilpmyaepsislollasittueab;rcyborbrauyctmtsbsoomsmeeemtbiwrmiaet-sh
total of13 species was recognized, two ofwhich, O. lee- nous, leafyorpetaloid, small orlarge, notspurred; bracte-
upoortense and O. roiissoiiwi were newly described and
oles usually lacking but sometimes thread-like and borne
anothertworesuscitatedfromsynonomy.
on alternate sides of pedicels at base; pedicels short or
Despite the relatively high level of taxonomic study long. Flowers white, yellow, orange, or yellowish green,
to which ithas been exposed, thetaxonomy ofthe group without darker keels, scented or unscented, sometimes
remains unclear, and the identification of specimens is closing at night or more rarely nocturnal, suberect orpat-
often problematical. Although some of the species are ent, rotate or campanulate; tepals ovate to narrowly lan-
well circumscribed and may be identified without much ceolate,persistent,±shortlyunitedatbaseorrarelyunited
difficulty, the boundaries of others, especially those into a short tube, spreading to erect, sometimes with tips
around O. duhium, remain poorly defined. Increasedcol- reflexed. Stamens suberect or slightly spreading; fila-
lecting over the past decades has greatly improved our ments free or rarely united below, fused to base oftepals
appreciation ofthe natural variation among wild popula- orinsertedattopoftube,filiform to lanceolate, all similar
tions, indicating the need for another review ofthe spe- orinnerusuallybroader,bothwhorls'ormoreusuallyonly
cies in this group. A comprehensive, illustrated account inner variously expanded or toothed below. Ovary ovoid
ofthespecies ispresentedhereforthefirsttime. togloboseorturbinate, sometimesshortlystipitate; ovules
fewtomanyperlocule;stylevestigialtolong,subcylindri-
It is evident that many ofthe characters that have tra- cal,erectorsometimesslightlydeflexed; stigmasmall and
ditionally been used to separate species in the group are 3-lobedor-angled. Capsulefusiform,ovoidtosubglobose,
much more variable than has been realized. This is par- ± 3-angledor-lobed, membranousorleathery, enclosedin
ticularlytrueofflowercolour, the degree ofbasal expan- dryperianth orexposed,dehiscingloculicidally.Seedsfew
sion ofthe inner filaments, the length ofthe style rela- to many perchamber, flattened or angled, black, the testa
tivetotheovary, andthesurfacesculpturingoftheseeds. tightly adhering, laevigate, rugulate, papillate or echinate.
Most species are reliably diagnosed by a combination of Basechromosomenumberx=9.
characters, supplementedwithdistribution andeeological
data. A previously underappreciated character, the size About 250 species in Africa, Madagascar, Mediterra-
ofthe seeds, appears to be a useful indicator ofrelation- nean, SaudiArabiaand India, mainly inthewinterrainfall
ships among the species. Three seed size classes can be areasofsouthernAfrica, including±40speciesinWestern
mm
distinguished; large (2.0-3.5 long), in O. conicum, Cape, SouthAfrica.