Table Of ContentPUBLICATIONS OF THE NATIONAL BOTANICAL INSTITUTE, PRETORIA
PUBLIKASIES VAN DIE NASIONALE BOTANIESE INSTITUUT, PRETORIA
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BOTHALIA
Bothalia is named in honour ofGeneral Louis Botha, first Premier Bothalia is vernoem ter ere van Generaal Louis Botha, eerste Eerste
and Minister of Agriculture of the Union of South Africa. This MinisterenMinistervanLandbouvandieUnievanSuid-Afrika.Hierdie
housejournaloftheNationalBotanicalInstitute,Pretoria,isdevotedto lyfbladvandieNasionaleBotanieseInstituut,Pretoria,isgewyaandie
the furtherance of botanical science. The main fields covered are bevorderingvandiewetenskapvanplantkunde.Diehoofgebiedewatgedek
taxonomy, ecology, anatomy and cytology. Two parts ofthe journal word,istaksonomie,ekologie,anatomieensitologie.Tweedelevandie
and an index to contents, authors and subjects are published tydskrifen ’n indeks vandie inhoud, outeursen onderwerpeverskyn
annually. jaarliks.
MEMOIRS OF THE BOTANICAL SURVEY OF SOUTH AFRICA
MEMOIRS VAN DIE BOTANIESE OPNAME VAN SUID-AFRIKA
The memoirs are individual treatises usually ofan ecological nature, ’n Reeks van losstaande omvattende verhandelings oor vernaamlik
but sometimes dealing with taxonomy oreconomic botany. ekologiese,maarsomsooktaksonomieseofplantekonomieseonderwerpe.
THE FLOWERING PLANTS OF AFRICA DIE BLOMPLANTE VAN AFRIKA
/
HierdiereeksbiedkleurplatevanAfrikaanseplantemetbygaandeteks.
ThisserialpresentscolourplatesofAfricanplantswithaccompanying Die skilderye word meestal deur die kunstenaars van die Nasionale
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illustration. Vanaf Vol. 50 word een deel, bestaande uit twintig plate, jaarliks
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consistsoftwoparts.ThepublicationisavailableinEnglishandAfrikaans. in Afrikaansen Engels.
FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA FLORA VAN SUIDELIKE AFRIKA
/
A taxonomic treatise on the flora ofthe Republic of South Africa, ’nTaksonomieseverhandelingoordiefloravandieRepubliekvanSuid-
Ciskei, Transkei, Lesotho, Swaziland, Bophuthatswana, Namibia, Afrika,Ciskei,Transkei,Lesotho,Swaziland,Bophuthatswana,Namibie,
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notes. en ekologieseaantekeninge.
PALAEOFLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA PALAEOFLORA VAN SUIDELIKE AFRIKA
/
A palaeoflora on a pattern comparable to that of the Flora of ’nPalaeofloramet’nuitlegvergelykbaarmetdievandieFloravansuide-
southern Africa. Much of the information is presented in the form likeAfrika.Baievandieinligtingwordaangebiedindievormvantabelle
of tables and photographic plates depicting fossil populations. Now enfotografieseplatewaaropfossielepopulasiesafgebeeldword. Reeds
available: beskikbaar:
MMoolltteennoo FFoorrmmaattiioonn((TTrriiaassssiicc))VVooll.. 12..IGntyrmonduocstpioenr.msDic(reoxiclduiduimn,gbDyi/cdreouirdiJu.mM).,&byH/d.eMu.r JA.nMd.er&sonH..M. Anderson.
Prodromus of South African Megafloras. Devonian to Lower Cretaceous, by/deur J.M. & H.M. Anderson.
Obtainable from/Beskikbaar van: A.A. Balkema Marketing, Box/Posbus 317, Claremont 7735, RSA.
1
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BOTHALIA
’N TYDSKRIF VIR PLANTKUNDIGE NAVORSING
A JOURNAL OF BOTANICAL RESEARCH
Volume 21,2
Editor/Redakteur: O.A. Leistner
Assisted by B.A. Momberg
Editorial Board/Redaksieraad
D.F. Cutler Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, UK
B.J. Huntley National Botanical Institute, Cape Town, RSA
P.H. Raven Missouri Botanical Garden, St Louis, USA
J.R Rourke Compton Herbarium, NBI, Cape Town, RSA
M.J. Werger University of Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
Editorial Committee
Redaksiekomitee
O.A. Leistner
B.A. Momberg
M.C. Rutherford
ISSN 0006 8241
Issued by the National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, Pretoria 0001, South Africa
Uitgegee deur die Nasionale Botaniese Instituut, Privaatsak X101, Pretoria 0001, Suid-Afrika
1991
—
CONTENTS INHOUD
Volume 21,2
1. Kamiesbergia, a new monotypic genus ofthe Amaryllideae-Strumariinae (Amaryllidaceae) from the
north-western Cape. D.A. SNIJMAN 125
2. Studies in the genus Riccia (Marchantiales) from southern Africa. 23. R. bullosa: typification and a
full description. S.M. PEROLD 129
3. Studies inthe Ericoideae (Ericaceae). VIII. New species in Erica, sectionPseuderemia from southern
Africa. E.G.H. OLIVER and INGE M. OLIVER 137
4. Cyanophyceae associated with mangrove trees at Inhaca Island, Mozambique. S.M.F. SILVA 143
5. Notes on African plants:
Asteraceae. New species in the genus Disparago. M. KOEKEMOER 158
Fabaceae. Caesalpiniabracteata, anew species fromthe Onseepkansareaofthenorthern Cape
Province. G. GERMISHUIZEN 152
Geraniaceae. Thecorrectauthercitation forPelargonium section Cortusina. L.L. DREYERand
J.J.A. VAN DER WALT 157
Lichenes. Two new species in the Agyriaceae (lichenized Ascomycotina, Lecanorales) from
southern Africa. F. BRUSSE 154
Liliaceae (Asphodelaceae). The type specimen of Aloe soutpansbergensis. H.F. GLEN and
HARDY
D.S. 151
Liliaceae. Notes on some Monocotyledoneae described by N.L. Burman, Asparagaceae,
Asphodelaceae, Colchicaceae. D.O. WIJNANDS 157
Poaceae. On the origin of Eleusine africana. S.C. HIREMATH and S.S. SALIMATH 161
6. Basic chromosome numbers and polyploid levels in some South African and Australian grasses
(Poaceae). J.J. SPIES, E. VAN DER MERWE, H. DU PLESSIS and E.J.L. SAAYMAN .... 163
7. The chromosomes of Chortolirion and Poellnitzia (Asphodelaceae: Alooideae). G.F. SMITH 171
8. Invasive alien woody plants of the northern Cape. L. HENDERSON 177
9. New taxa, new records and name changes for southern African plants. B.C. DE WET, R. ARCHER,
L. FISH, G. GERMISHUIZEN, P.P. HERMAN, M. JORDAAN, S.M. PEROLD, C. REID,
J. VAN ROOY, W.G. WELMAN and H.F. GLEN 191
10. National Botanical Institute, South Africa: list of staff and publications 215
11. Book reviews 227
Digitized by the Internet Archive
2016
in
https://archive.org/details/bothaliavolume2121unse_0
Bothalia 21,2: 125-128 (1991)
Kamiesbergia a new monotypic genus ofthe Amaryllideae-Strumariinae
,
(Amaryllidaceae) from the north-western Cape
D.A. SNIJMAN*
Keywords: Amaryllidaceae, Amaryllideae, new genus, north-western Cape, South Africa
ABSTRACT
Kamiesbergia Snijman isanew monotypic genus from raised graniteoutcrops inthe north-westernCape. A member
ofthe subtribe Strumariinaeofthe Amaryllideae, itis mostclosely related toHessea Herb, and Namaquanula D. & U.
Muller-Doblies. Thedissimilarinnerandouterstamens,theuniquelyclub-shapedinnerfilamentsandthenovel insertion
ofthe filamentintheproximalquarteroftheantherconnective are the mainapomorphiesofthegenus. The numberof
rare and monotypicgeneraofAmaryllidaceae in this region iscomparable to thatofAndean South America.
UITTREKSEL
KamiesbergiaSnijmanis ’nnuwemonotipiesegenusvandiehoerliggendegranietriwweindieNoordwesKaap. Ditis
'n lidvandie subtribus Strumariinaevan die Amaryllideaeen isdie naaste verwantaan Hessea Herb, enNamaquanula
D.&U.Muller-Doblies.Dieverskilletussendiebinnesteenbuitenstemeeldrade,dieuniekeknuppelvormigebinnestehelmdrade
endieongewoneaanhegtingvandiehelmdraadaandieproksimalekwartvandiehelmbindselisdiehoofapomorfevandie
genus.DieaantalskaarsenmonotipiesegenussevandieAmaryllidaceaeinhierdiestreekkanvergelykwordmet’nsoortge-
lyke verskynsel in die Andes-gebergtes van Suid-Amerika.
INTRODUCTION Since this new species lacks all the derived character
states of the genera already described within the Stru-
The tribe Amaryllideae sensu Traub (1965, 1970) and mariinae, andsinceitpossessesasetofuniquecharacters
Dahlgren etal. (1985) is uniquely definedby bisulculate thatjustifies its separation atthe generic level, the taxon
pollengrains(Dahlgren&Clifford 1982; Dahlgrenetal. is described here as the new monotypic genus Kamies-
1985; Erdtman 1966; Schulze 1984). Aspresentlycircum- bergia.
scribed (Muller-Doblies 1985), thesubtribe Strumariinae
oftheAmaryllideaecurrentlyincludesfoursmallandthree MATERIALS AND METHODS
monotypicgenera NamaquanulaD. &U. Muller-Doblies,
HesseaHerb., Car(polyzaSalisb.,StrumariaJacq.,Bokke- ThisstudywasbasedonherbariummaterialfromBM,
veldia D. & U. Muller-Doblies, Gemmaria Salisb. and BOL, K, NBG, PRE, SAM and WIND. Ecological
Tedingea D. & U. Muller-Doblies). Character states information was derived from field studies during the
common to these genera are the actinomorphic flowers flowering, fruitingandleafingstagesofthespecies. Fresh
and the reduced size ofthe plants. Exclusively southern non-acetolyzedpollengrainsforscanningelectronmicro-
African,thesubtribecomprisesapproximately35 species, scopy (SEM) were dehydrated in ethanol, critical point
which are concentrated in the semi-arid winter rainfall driedandcoatedwithAu/Pd. Photographsweretakenwith
regions of the Cape Province and southern Namibia. aCambridge 200 SEM at 10kv. Chromosomedatawere
gatheredfromactively growingroottips, pretreatedwith
Phylogenetic studies in the Strumariinae (Snijman saturatedalphabromonapthaleneat4°C for24hours,then
unpubl.), revealed an undescribed Hessea-like species fixedin 1:3aceticacid/ethanol. Theroottipswerehydro-
from the north-western Cape. A character analysis lysedinnormalhydrochloricacidat60°Cforsixminutes,
confirmed the presence ofbisulculate pollen grains but stainedwithFeulgenfor30minutes, counterstainedwith
indicatedthatthe taxon did not fit into any known genus 2% aceto-orcein and then squashed. Photographs were
ofthe Strumariinae. The new species lacks the synapo- taken with a Zeiss Axioskop.
morphy ofx = 10 and the adnation ofthe filaments to
tithsecsltoyslee,awllhiieschBockhkaervaecltdeirais,esGeCmarmpaorliyzaa,anSdtrTuemdairnigeaaa;nidt nov.,KeaxmiafefsinbietratgeigaesnteernuomsiNpahmoanqSunainjumlaan,D.ge&n.Un.ovM.uletlesrp-.
lacks the centrifixed anther insertion which is synapo- Doblies, Hessea Herb., Strumaria Jacq. sensu lato et
morphicforHessea; andiswithouttheadaxially-hooked CarpolyzaSalisb. sedcum nullogeneresatiscongruit: ab
filaments which characterise Namaquanula. Character CarpolyzaStrumariaqueabsentiaulliuscommisuraeinter
statesuniquetothenewtaxonarethedissimilarinnerand stylum et filamenta recedit; ab Namaquanula absentia
outer stamens, the club-shaped distal half of the inner hamuliadaxialisfilamentorumdiffert;abHesseaabsentia
filaments, and the filament attachment near to the base antherae centrifixae differt. Ab omnibus his generibus
ofthe anther connective. filamentis dissimillimis, filamentis interioribus clavifor-
mibus supra medium, antheris sub-basifixis differt.
—
TYPE. Cape, 3018 (Kamiesberg): Kamiesberg, near
C*lCaoremmpotnotn7H7e35r.barium, National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X7, Karas on E slopes ofRooiberg, (-AC), 28-4-1988, Snij-
MS. received: 1991-03-08. man 1175 (NBG, holo.; K, PRE).
1
126
Bothalia21,2 (1991)
i
nin
111
1
FIGURE 1.—Kamiesbergiastenosiphon. 1,inflorescence;2,bulbandleaves;2a,'ransversesectionofleaf;3,wholeflower;4,sectionofflower;
5,stigma;6,antherattachmentofinnerstamens,ventralview;6a, lateralview;6b,dorsal view;6c, sectionshowingsub-basifixedinser-
tion,connectivehatched; 7,antherattachmentofouterstamens, ventralview;7a, lateralview;7b,dorsal view;7c, sectionshowingsub-
basifixed insertion, connective hatched; 8, capsule and seeds (drawn from Snijman 1175).
Bothalia 21.2 (1991) 127
mm
Bulbous perennial herb, up to 210 tall. Bulb soli- ofKamiesbergia are attached in the proximal quarter of
tary,deep-seated, subglobose, 12—30mmacross, withthin the connective (Figure 1.6c & 1.7c).
light-brownparchment-likeoutertunics, fleshyandwhitish
within, extended into a long slender neck up to 110 mm. The presence of a perigone tube is considered to be
Leavesabsentatanthesisor rarely persisting toanthesis, plesiomorphic in the subtribe (Miiller-Doblies 1985). In
2(—3), spreading, narrowly lorate, 60-300 x 1-3 mm, most species ofHessea the perigone tube is reduced and
glabrous, withtheadaxial surfaceshallowlycanaliculate, the tubular component is formed by the extension of
subtended by a subterranean non-amplexicaul prophyll. the perigone/stamen confluence into a winged tube, a
Inflorescenceslightlyspreading, 40—80mmacross; scape featurewhichisconsideredtobederived(Miiller-Doblies
stiffly erect, 50—140 mm long, 1—2 mm diam., greyish 1985). Only H. longituba D. & U. Miiller-Doblies has a
pinktoleaden-grey,breakingoffatthebaseinfruit; spathe pronounced smooth perigone tube comparable to that of
valves linear-lanceolate, 15-30 X 1—2 mm; bracteoles K. stenosiphon which may suggest a close relationship
filiform, ap to 5 mm long. Flowers 5—9, ascending, between the tw,o taxa. A critical evaluation of the key
hypocrateriform, pale lemon-yellow, usually with a androecial states in Hessea and K. stenosiphon however,
greenish to reddish brown tube, flushed dorsally with does not support such a relationship.
reddishbrownontheoutertepals, ageing to lightbrown,
scentless;pedicelsstraighttoupwardlycurved, 35-60mm The main synapomorphy forHessea is the insertionof
long, green. Tepals recurving from a narrow 8—12 mm thefilament intoaconnectivesheath, inwhichthe length
long tube, narrowly lanceolate, 6—8 x 2—3 mm, slight- ofthe dorsal wall almost equals that ofthe ventral wall:
ly channelled. Stamens in 2 unequal whorls, epi- aconditionknownascentrifixed antherinsertion(Miiller-
tepalous, filamentsbasally connateintoagreenishyellow Doblies 1985). This character state is interpreted as the
tubeextending to0,5—1,0 mmabove theperigone throat, extremeinamorphologicalseriesrangingfromdorsifixed
free above, reduced to a 0,25 mm long filiform free tip to subcentrifixed and centrifixed anther insertion, with
intheouterwhorl, prominentand spreading in the inner each state being found in the Strumariinae. In contrast,
whorl; the inner filaments free for 3—4 mm, clavate in a transformation series between the centrifixed anther
the distal half with a subulate tip; anthers dorsifixed insertion of Hessea and the almost basifixed anther
nearthebase, ±2,5 mmlongandmaroonbeforeopening; insertion(withoutaconnectivesheath)ofK. stenosiphon
the outer anthers occluding the perigone throat after could notbe established fromcurrent data. Thusa sister
dehiscence; pollen cream-coloured. Ovary subglobose, group relationship between the two genera cannot be
2—3 mmacross, with up to4—6ovules per locule. Style inferred.
erect, slenderthroughout, upto5—11 mmlong, remaining
includedintheperigonetube; stigmashortlytrifid, shortly Thebisulculatepollengrains areglobose, isopolarand
penicillateontheinnersurface.Fruitasubglobose, papery, have scattered large spinulae on the surface (Figure 2).
loculicidal capsule, 7,5 mm across. Seeds fleshy, ovoid, The karyotype ofK. stenosiphon (Figure 3) comprises a
upto2,5 mmacross, reddishbrownwhenripe. Chromo- pair oflarge submetacentric chromosomes; six pairs of
some number. 2n = 22. Figure 1. medium-sized metacentric to submetacentric chromo-
somes, ofwhichonepairis asatellitechromosome; and
Flowering time extends from the end ofApril to May. four pairs of shorter metacentric to submetacentric
Inmostbulbsthefoliageleavescommencegrowthshortly chromosomes. The chromosome phenotypes are similar
after floweringand subsequently die backat the onsetof tothoseofmostAmaryllideaewithx = 11 (Goldblatt 1972,
the summer drought. Occasionally some bulbs which 1976;Jones&Smith 1967). Akaryotypeofx = 11 iscon-
occupy wetter, cooler sites have been noted with green sideredbasicinthefamily (Inariyama 1937; Meerow 1984;
leaves throughout the summer. Sato 1938).
Diagnosticfeatures ofK. stenosiphon are the form of DistributionandhabitatrecordsindicatethatK. stenosi-
thestamensandantherinsertion. The innerfilamentsare phonisrare. Knownpopulationsarerestrictedtothenorth-
at least twelve times as long as the outer filaments and western Cape and are widely disjunct in the eastern
areuniquelyclub-shaped inthedistal halfwithasubulate Kamiesberg and near Pofadder (Figure 4). In the
tip. The stamens of the short outer whorl occlude the Kamiesberg, the deep-seated bulbs grow in loamy soils
perigone throat after dehiscence. Unlike the medifixed which accumulate in seasonally moist crevices and
anthers common to all other Strumariinae, the filaments water-worngulliesonmassiveexposedgranitedomes, at
FIGURE2.—Bisulculatepollengrains
ofKamiesbergiastenosiphon,
Snijman 1175. A, equatorial
view,longitudinalposition;B,
equatorial view, transverse
position.Scalebars =20pm.
128 Bothalia21,2 (1991)
ThediscoveryofKamiesbergia, afurthermonotypicgenus
intheAmaryllideae, bringsintofocustheparallelswhich
exist in this respect between the Amaryllideae of South
Africaandthe Andean AmaryllidaceaeofSouth Ameri-
ca. Goldblatt’s suggestion (Meerow 1985) that similar
evolutionarypatternsexistbetweentheAmaryllidaceaeof
these two geographical centres is yet to be examined.
CAPE.—2919(Pofadder): Numis [Namies], nearPofadder, (—AC),
Lavranos20311(PRE). 3018(Kamiesberg): Kamiesberg,nearKarason
EslopesofRooiberg,(—AC),Snijman1175(K,NBG,PRE);nearKaras
on E slopes ofRooiberg, (—AC), Snijman 1179(NBG).
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
IwishtothankDrJ.C. Manningforpreparingthepollen
micrographs, Mrs J.E. Ward-Hilhorst for the botanical
illustrations. DrH.P. Linderforhelpfulcommentsonthe
FIGURE3.—MitoticmetaphaseinKamiesbergiastenosiphon,Snijman manuscript and Dr J.C. Paterson-Jones for assistance in
1175, 2n = 22, x 665; the arrow indicates the satellitechro- the field.
mosome.
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