Botany and Agronomy

64 Pages·2012·6.44 MB·English

Rice
Botany and Agronomy
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Botany -1
Family: Gramineae
Subfamily Oryzoideae
uniflorous spikelets, hermaphrodite
flower (6 anther)
Genus Oryza
Species O. sativa L.
SE-Asia, long ligule (8-20
mm)
O. glaberrima Steud.
West Africa, short ligule (3-6
mm)
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Morphology
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Origin and Distribution
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Interspecies cross (by WARDA, 90s)
NEw RIce for AfriCA
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Botany- 2 cultivar groups
Indica Japonica
predominant tropical subtropics
Long/thin grains Round to oval grains
Length/width index >3 Length/width index 1-3
Shortday plants Daylength neutral to mild
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World rice production in 1999/2000 - 2002/2003 (milled basis)
“World paddy production 2008 could grow by about 2.3 percent reaching a new record
level of 666 million tonnes
(http://www.fao.org/newsroom/en/news/2008/1000835/index.html
Country 1999/2000 2000/01 2001/02 2002/03
China 138,936 131,536 124,320 123,200
India 89,700 84,871 91,600 80,000
Indonesia 33,445 32,548 32,422 32,500
Bangladesh 23,066 25,086 25,500 26,000
Vietnam 20,926 20,473 20,670 20,500
Thailand 16,500 16,901 16,500 16,500
Burma 9,860 10,771 10,440 10,440
Philippines 7,772 8,135 8,450 8,300
Japan 8,350 8,636 8,242 8,200
Brazil 7,768 7,062 7,480 7,600
United States 6,502 5,941 6,764 6,457
Korea, South 5,263 5,291 5,515 5,300
Egypt 3,787 3,965 3,575 3,800
Pakistan 5,156 4,700 3,740 3,500
EU 1,751 1,567 1,620 1,792
Taiwan 1,349 1,342 1,245 1,197
Australia 787 1,259 930 965
Others 28,282 27,270 27,575 28,156
WORLD TOTAL 409,200 397,354
396,588 384,407
Country 1999/2000 2000/1
2001/2 2002/3
Unit: thousand metric tons
Source: USDA, Foreign Agricultural Services (FAS), Aug 2002
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Top ten producers world wide (80 % by top 7)
http://www.rice-trade.com/articles/rice-production.html
Preliminary figures for 2009/2010 based on FAO
Country Rice Production
China Mt: 166,417,000 (32.7%)
India Mt: 132,013,000 (26.0%)
Indonesia Mt: 52,078,832 (10.2%)
Bangladesh Mt: 38,060,000 (7.5%)
Vietnam Mt: 34,518,600 (6.8%)
Thailand Mt: 27,000,000 (5.3%)
Myanmar Mt: 24,640,000 (4.8%)
Philippines Mt: 14,031,000 (2.8%)
Brazil Mt: 10,198,900 (2.0%)
Japan Mt: 9,740,000 (1.9%)
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