Table Of ContentDonald Trump
Contents
1 Mainarticle 1
1.1 DonaldTrump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.1 Earlylife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1.2 Businesscareer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.1.3 Businessventuresandinvestments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.4 Entertainmentmedia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
1.1.5 Politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.1.6 Personallife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
1.1.7 Inpopularculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.1.8 Legalaffairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
1.1.9 Awardsandhonors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.1.10 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.1.11 BooksaboutTrump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.1.12 Seealso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.1.13 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.1.14 Furtherreading . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1.1.15 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2 Spouses 34
2.1 IvanaTrump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.1.1 Earlyyears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.1.2 Personallife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
2.1.3 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.1.4 Inpopularculture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.1.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
2.2 MarlaMaples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2.1 Personallife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2.2 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
2.2.4 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
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2.3 MelaniaTrump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.3.1 Earlylife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2.3.2 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3.3 MarriagetoDonaldTrump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.3.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.3.5 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3 Children 41
3.1 DonaldTrump,Jr. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.1.1 Personallife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.1.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.1.3 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2 IvankaTrump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
3.2.1 Earlylife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.2.2 Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
3.2.3 Socialandpoliticalcauses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.2.4 Religionandspirituality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
3.2.5 Personallife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.2.6 Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.2.7 Publishedworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.2.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
3.2.9 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.3 EricTrump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.3.1 Earlylifeandeducation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.3.2 Careerandphilanthropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
3.3.3 CriticismbyPETA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.3.4 Personallife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
3.3.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
4 Father 48
4.1 FredTrump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.1.1 Earlylife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.1.2 Businesscareer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
4.1.3 Civilrightslawsuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.1.4 Personallife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.1.5 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
4.1.6 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
5 TelevisionCareer 51
CONTENTS iii
5.1 ''TheApprentice'' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.1.1 Premise . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.1.2 Historyandproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.1.3 Spin-offs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.1.4 Statisticsbyseason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.1.5 Teamsbyseason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.1.6 Controversies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.1.7 Videogame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.1.8 Similarprograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.1.9 Seealso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.1.10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.1.11 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.2 ''TheCelebrityApprentice'' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.2.1 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
5.2.2 Seasoninstallments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.2.3 Statisticsbyseason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.2.4 Contestantsbyseason . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.2.5 Similarshowsinothernations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
5.2.6 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
5.2.7 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
6 BusinessCareer 60
6.1 TheTrumpOrganization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.1.1 Realestateholdings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
6.1.2 Financialmarketholdings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
6.1.3 Otherventuresandinvestments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
6.1.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6.1.5 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6.2 TrumpEntertainmentResorts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6.2.1 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
6.2.2 Formerproperties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
6.2.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
6.2.4 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.3 TrumpModelManagement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.3.1 FashionmodelsrepresentedbyTrump(pastandpresent) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.3.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.3.3 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
6.4 MissUniverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.4.1 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
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6.4.2 Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.4.3 Officialsong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.4.4 Competitionformats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.4.5 Contestantselection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
6.4.6 Mainpageant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.4.7 Crown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
6.4.8 Recenttitleholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
6.4.9 Galleryofwinners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
6.4.10 MissUniverseOrganization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6.4.11 Notesandreferences . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
6.4.12 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.5 MissUSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.5.1 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
6.5.2 Competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.5.3 Statecompetitions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
6.5.4 Winners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
6.5.5 Awards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.5.6 Locations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
6.5.7 Specialfeatureepisodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.5.8 Realitytelevision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.5.9 Seealso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.5.10 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
6.5.11 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.6 MissTeenUSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.6.1 History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.6.2 Competitionrounds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
6.6.3 Titleholders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.6.4 Broadcastingofthepageant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6.6.5 CrossoverswithMissUSA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
6.6.6 Seealso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
6.6.7 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
7 PoliticalCareer 90
7.1 DonaldTrumppresidentialcampaign,2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
7.1.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
7.1.2 Earlystages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
7.1.3 Announcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
7.1.4 Primarycampaign. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
7.1.5 Withdrawal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
CONTENTS v
7.1.6 Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
7.1.7 Aftermath . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100
7.1.8 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
7.2 DonaldTrumppresidentialcampaign,2016 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
7.2.1 Background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
7.2.2 Announcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
7.2.3 Campaign . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 107
7.2.4 TaxPlan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
7.2.5 Republicanfront-runner. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
7.2.6 Campaignfinances . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
7.2.7 Politicalpositions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
7.2.8 Endorsements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
7.2.9 Seealso . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
7.2.10 Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
7.2.11 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
7.2.12 Externallinks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
7.3 TourDuPont . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
7.3.1 Resultsandnotablemoments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
7.3.2 Pastwinners . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
7.3.3 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
8 Bibliography 131
8.1 ''Trump: TheArtoftheDeal'' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
8.1.1 Synopsis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
8.1.2 Copiessold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
8.1.3 DonaldTrump’sTheArtoftheDeal: TheMovie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
8.1.4 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131
8.2 ''CrippledAmerica'' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
8.2.1 Contents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
8.2.2 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
9 Textandimagesources,contributors,andlicenses 133
9.1 Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
9.2 Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142
9.3 Contentlicense . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
Chapter 1
Main article
1.1 Donald Trump
1930,aged18,shevisitedtheUnitedStatesandmetFred
Trump. Theyweremarriedin1936andsettledinJamaica
Estates, Queens, and Fred Trump eventually became one
Forotheruses,seeDonaldTrump(disambiguation).
ofthecity’sbiggestrealestatedevelopers.[13][15]Trumphas
onebrother,Robert(born1948),andtwosisters:Maryanne
DonaldJohnTrump(bornJune14,1946)isanAmerican
(born 1937) and Elizabeth (born 1942). Maryanne is a
businessman,televisionpersonality,andsinceJune2015,a
UnitedStatesfederaljudgeonseniorstatusfortheUnited
candidate for the Republican nomination for President of StatesCourtofAppealsfortheThirdCircuit.[16] Another
theUnitedStatesinthe2016election. Heisthechairman
brother,FredJr. (1938–1981),diedofcomplicationsfrom
andpresidentofTheTrumpOrganizationandthefounder alcoholism.[17]
ofTrumpEntertainmentResorts. Trump’scareer,branding
Trump’spaternalgrandparents,Elizabeth(néeChrist)and
efforts, personal life, wealth, and outspoken manner have
FrederickTrump,wereemigrantswhomovedtotheUnited
madehimacelebrity.
States from Germany in 1885.[18] Frederick worked as a
Trump is a native of New York City and a son of Fred
successful Klondike Gold Rush restaurateur and brothel
Trump,whoinspiredhimtoenterrealestatedevelopment. keeper.[19][20][21] In a 1976 New York Times biographical
Whilestillattendingcollegeheworkedforhisfather’sfirm, profile,[22] and again in Trump’s 1987 book, The Art of
Elizabeth Trump & Son. Upon graduating in 1968 he
the Deal, Donald Trump incorrectly stated that Frederick
joinedthecompany,andin1971wasgivencontrol,renam- TrumpwasofSwedishorigin,[23][24] anassertionthatFred
ingthecompany“TheTrumpOrganization”. Sincethenhe Trumphadmadeformanyyears.[25]Trumplateracknowl-
hasbuilthotels,casinos,golfcourses,andotherproperties,
edgedhisGermanancestryandservedasgrandmarshalof
manyofwhichbearhisname. Heisamajorfigureinthe
the1999German-AmericanSteubenParadeinNewYork
Americanbusinesssceneandhasreceivedprominentmedia City.[15]
exposure. TheNBCrealityshowTheApprenticebolstered
Thefamilyhada two-storymockTudorRevivalhomeon
hisfame,andhisthreemarriageswereextensivelyreported
Wareham Place in Jamaica Estates[26] where Trump lived
intabloids.
while attending The Kew-Forest School. At Kew-Forest,
TrumpfirstranforPresidentoftheUnitedStatesin2000,
FredTrumpservedasamemberoftheBoardofTrustees.
winning two Reform Party primaries. On June 16, 2015,
Due to behavior problems, Trump left the school at age
Trump announced his decision to run again for President,
13 and was enrolled in the New York Military Academy
thistimeasaRepublican,beforewinningtheNewHamp- (NYMA).[27] In 1983, Fred told an interviewer that Don-
shireprimarywith35%,[6]theSouthCarolinaprimarywith
ald“wasaprettyroughfellowwhenhewassmall”. Trump
33%,[7]andtheNevadacaucuswith46%ofthevotes.[8] finishedeighthgradeandhighschoolatNYMA.[28]During
hissenioryear,Trumpparticipatedinmarchingdrillsand
woreauniform,attainingtherankofcaptain.[29] In2015,
1.1.1 Earlylife
hetoldabiographerthatNYMAgavehim“moretraining
militarilythanalotoftheguysthatgointothemilitary”.[30]
DonaldJohnTrumpwasbornonJune14,1946,inQueens,
aboroughofNewYorkCity.[9][10][11][12]Heisthefourthof TrumpattendedFordhamUniversityintheBronxfortwo
fivechildrentoMaryAnne(néeMacLeod;1912–2000),a years. He entered the Wharton School of Business at the
homemakerandphilanthropist[13]andFredTrump(1905– UniversityofPennsylvania,asWhartonthenofferedoneof
1999),whoworkedasarealestatedeveloper. Hismother thefewrealestatestudiesdepartmentsinU.S.academia.[31]
was born at Tong on the Scottish island of Lewis.[14] In Whilethere,heworkedathisfather’scompany,Elizabeth
1
2 CHAPTER1. MAINARTICLE
Trump&Son.[32]TrumpgraduatedfromWhartonin1968
withabachelor’sdegreeineconomics.[33][34]
TrumpwaseligibleforthedraftlotteryduringtheVietnam
War.[35] “I actually got lucky because I had a very high
draft number” he told WNYW in 2011.[36] Selective Ser-
vice records retrieved by The Smoking Gun website from
theNationalArchivesshowthat,althoughTrumpdideven-
tually receive a high selective service lottery number in
1969, he was not drafted earlier secondary to four stu-
dent deferments (2-S) while attending college, as well as
amedicaldeferment(1-Y,laterconvertedto4-F)obtained
in1968afterhiscollegegraduation,priortothelotterybe-
ing initiated.[37] Trump was deemed fit for service after a
militarymedicalexaminationin1966andwasbrieflyclas-
sifiedas1-Abyalocaldraftboardshortlybeforehis1968
medical disqualification.[38] Trump attributed his medical
defermentto"heelspurs"inbothfeet,accordingtoa2015
biographer,[30]buttoldanIowacampaignaudiencehesuf-
feredfromaspurinonefoot,althoughhecouldnotremem-
berwhichone.[38]
1.1.2 Businesscareer
WhenTrumpgraduatedfromcollegein1968,hewasworth
aboutUS$200,000(equivalentto$1,021,000in2016).[39] TheTrumpOrganizationowns,operates,develops,andinvestsin
realestatearoundtheworldsuchasTrumpInternationalHoteland
Hebeganhiscareerathisfather’srealestatecompany,[40]
TowerinChicago,Illinois.
Elizabeth Trump and Son,[41] which focused on middle-
class rental housing in the New York City boroughs of
Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. During his under-
graduatestudy, oneofTrump’sfirstprojectswastherevi- PennCentralTransportationCompanyproperty,whichwas
talizationoftheforeclosedSwiftonVillageapartmentcom- in bankruptcy. This included the 60th Street rail yard on
plexinCincinnati,Ohio,whichhisfatherhadpurchasedfor theHudsonRiver—laterdevelopedasRiversideSouth—as
$5.7millionin1962.[42] FredandDonaldTrumpbecame wellasthelandaroundGrandCentralTerminal,forwhich
involved in the project and, with a $500,000 investment, he paid $60 million with no money down.[48] Later, with
turnedthe1,200-unitcomplex’soccupancyratefrom34% the help of a 40-year tax abatement from the New York
to100%. Trumpoversawthecompany’s14,000apartments Citygovernment,heturnedthebankruptCommodoreHo-
across Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island.[43] In 1972, telnexttoGrandCentralintotheGrandHyatt[49] andcre-
The Trump Organization sold Swifton Village for $6.75 atedTheTrumpOrganization.[50]
million.[44][45]
Trump promoted Penn Central’s 30th Street rail yard as
In1971,TrumpmovedtoManhattan,wherehebecamein- a site for New York City’s planned Jacob K. Javits Con-
volved in larger construction projects, and used attractive ventionCenter. Trumpestimatedhiscompanycouldhave
architectural design to win public recognition.[46] Trump completed the project for $110 million,[51] but, while the
initiallycametopublicattentionin1973whenhewasac- citychosehissite,itrejectedhisofferandTrumpreceived
cused by the Justice Department of violations of the Fair abroker’sfeeonthesaleofthepropertyinstead. Repairs
HousingActintheoperationof39buildings. Trumpinturn ontheWollmanRinkinCentralPark,builtin1955,were
accused the Justice Department of targeting his company started in 1980 with an expected 2 1⁄ -year construction
2
becauseitwasalargeone,andinordertoforceittorentto schedule, but were not completed by 1986. Trump took
welfarerecipients. Trumpsettledthechargesin1975,say- overthemanagementoftheprojectwithoutthecityneeding
inghewassatisfiedthattheagreementdidnot“compelthe topayanything,andcompleteditinthreemonthsfor$1.95
Trumporganizationtoacceptpersonsonwelfareastenants million,whichwas$750,000lessthantheinitialbudget.[52]
unlessasqualifiedasanyothertenant.”[47]
In1988,TrumpacquiredtheTajMahalCasinoinatransac-
Trumphadanoptiontobuyandmadeplanstodevelopthe tionwithMervGriffinandResortsInternational,[53] which
1.1. DONALDTRUMP 3
led to mounting debt,[54] and by 1989, Trump was un-
able to meet loan payments. Although he secured addi-
tional loans and postponed interest payments, increasing
debt brought Trump to business bankruptcy by 1991.[54]
Banks and bondholders had lost hundreds of millions of
dollars but opted to restructure the debt. The Taj Ma-
hal emerged from bankruptcy on October 5, 1991, with
Trump ceding 50 percent ownership in the casino to the
originalbondholdersinexchangeforloweredinterestrates
onthedebtandmoretimetopayitoff.[55]Healsosoldhis
financially challenged Trump Shuttle airline and his 282-
footmegayacht,theTrumpPrincess.[56]Thelate1990ssaw
a resurgence in Trump’s financial situation. The will of
Trump’s father, who died in 1999, divided an estate esti-
matedat$250–300millionequallyamonghisfoursurviv-
ingchildren.[25]
In2001,DonaldTrumpcompletedTrumpWorldTower,a
72-story residential tower across from the United Nations
Headquarters.[57] Also, he began construction on Trump
Place, a multi-building development along the Hudson
River. Trump owns commercial space in Trump Inter-
national Hotel and Tower, a 44-story mixed-use (hotel
and condominium) tower on Columbus Circle. Trump
owns several million square feet of prime Manhattan real
estate.[58]
TrumpTower,at725FifthAvenue,inMidtownManhattan
Trump has licensed his name and image for the develop-
ment of many real estate projects. At least two Trump-
brandedrealestateprojectshavegoneintoforeclosure.[59] Trump.
The Turkish owner of Trump Towers Istanbul, who pays
Trump Tower occupies the former site of the architec-
Trumpfortheuseofhisname,wasreportedinDecember
turallysignificantBonwitTellerflagshipstore, demolished
2015tobeexploringlegalmeanstodissociatetheproperty
in 1980.[63][64] Trump courted controversy for destroy-
afterthecandidate’scalltobanMuslimsfromenteringthe
ing valuable Art Deco bas-relief sculptures on its facade,
U.S.[60]
promised to the Metropolitan Museum of Art,[63][64] and
AnanalysisofhisbusinesscareerbyTheEconomistcon- for a contractor’s use of some 200 undocumented Polish
cludes that his "...performance has been mediocre com- immigrant workers in the rushed demolition process, who
paredwiththestockmarketandpropertyinNewYork.”[61] werepaid(ifatall)just$4and$5perhourforworkin12-
hourshifts.[65][66] Trumptestifiedin1990herarelyvisited
the site and was unaware of the illegal workers, some of
1.1.3 Businessventuresandinvestments whomlivedatthesiteandwhowereknownasthe“Polish
Brigade”. Along-runninglaborlawsuitwassettledin1999,
See also: List of things named after Donald Trump and withitsrecordsealed.[65][66]
TheTrumpOrganization
Golfcourses
The Trump Organization operates many golf courses and
TrumpTower
resorts in the U.S. and around the world.[67] On Febru-
ary11,2014,itwasannouncedthatTrumphadpurchased
Mainarticle: TrumpTower(NewYorkCity)
DoonbegGolfClubintheRepublicofIreland. Itwascon-
Trump Tower—a 58-story, mixed-use skyscraper at 725
firmedthattheclubwouldberenamedTrumpInternational
Fifth Avenue in Midtown Manhattan, New York City—
GolfLinks,Ireland.[68]
was developed by Trump and the Equitable Life Assur-
ance Company, and was designed by architect Der Scutt In2006,TrumpboughttheMenieEstateinBalmedie,Ab-
ofSwankeHaydenConnell.[62] Itistodaysolelyownedby erdeenshire, Scotland, creating a highly controversial golf
4 CHAPTER1. MAINARTICLE
clude Trump Financial (a mortgage firm), Trump Sales
and Leasing (residential sales), Trump International Re-
alty (a residential and commercial real estate brokerage
firm), The Trump Entrepreneur Initiative (a for profit
business education company, formerly called the Trump
University), Trump Restaurants (located in Trump Tower
and consisting of Trump Buffet, Trump Catering, Trump
Ice Cream Parlor, and Trump Bar), GoTrump (an on-
line travel search engine[77][78][79]), Select By Trump (a
line of coffee drinks),[80] Trump Drinks (an energy drink
for the Israeli and Palestinian markets)[81][82][83][84] Don-
ald J. Trump Signature Collection (a line of menswear,
men’s accessories, and watches), Donald Trump The Fra-
grance (2004), SUCCESS by Donald Trump (a sec-
ond fragrance launched by The Trump Organization and
AviewoftheTurnberryHotel,locatedinAyrshire,Scotland
the Five Star Fragrance Company released in March
2012), Trump Ice bottled water, the former Trump Mag-
azine,[85] Trump Golf, Trump Chocolate, Trump Home
resort, against the wishes of local residents, on an area
designated as a Site of Special Scientific Interest.[69][70] (home furnishings),[86] Trump Productions (a television
production company), Trump Institute, Trump: The
You'veBeenTrumpedisa2011independentdocumentary
Game (1989 board game with a 2005 re-release version
by British filmmaker Anthony Baxter that chronicles the
tied to The Apprentice),[78] Donald Trump’s Real Es-
golf resort’s construction and the subsequent struggles be-
tween the locals and Donald Trump.[71] Despite Trump’s tate Tycoon (a business simulation game), Trump Books,
TrumpModelManagement,TrumpShuttle,TrumpMort-
promises of 6,000 jobs, by his own admission, a decade
later,theScotlandgolfcoursehascreatedonly200jobs.[72] gage, Trump Vodka,[86][87][88] Trump Steakhouse[77][89]
and Trump Steaks.[78] In addition, Trump reportedly re-
In April 2014, Trump purchased the Turnberry hotel
ceived $1.5 million for each one-hour presentation he did
and golf resort in Ayrshire, Scotland, which is a regu- for The Learning Annex.[90] Trump also endorsed ACN
lar fixture in the Open Championship rota.[73][74] In June
Inc.,amulti-levelmarketingtelecommunicationscompany.
2015, Trump’s appeal objecting to an offshore windfarm
He has spoken at ACN International Training Events at
(Aberdeen Bay Wind Farm) within sight of the golf links
which he praised the company’s founders, business model
wasdenied.[75] and video phone.[91] He earned a total $1.35 million
In December 2015 Trump’s attempt to prevent the wind- for three speeches given for the company, amounting to
farm being built within sight of his golf course was dis- $450,000perspeech.[81][92][93][94][95][96][97]
missedbyfivejusticesattheUKSupremeCourtinthecase
In2011,Forbes'financialexpertsestimatedthevalueofthe
ofTrumpInternationalGolfClubScotlandLtdvTheScot-
Trump brand at $200 million. Trump disputes this valu-
tishMinisters. Commentingonthedecision,formerScottish ation, saying that his brand is worth about $3 billion.[98]
FirstMinisterAlexSalmondbrandedTrump“threetimes
ManydeveloperspayTrumptomarkettheirpropertiesand
a loser”. A spokesman for The Trump Organization re- tobethepublicfacefortheirprojects.[99] Forthatreason,
sponded to Salmond’s comment by saying: “Does anyone
Trumpdoesnotownmanyofthebuildingsthatdisplayhis
carewhatthismanthinks? He’sahas-beenandtotallyir- name.[99]AccordingtoForbes,thisportionofTrump’sem-
relevant. The fact that he doesn't even know what’s going
pire, actually run by his children, is by far his most valu-
oninhisownconstituencysaysitall... Heshouldgoback
able,havinga$562millionvaluation. AccordingtoForbes,
todoingwhathedoesbest: unveilingpompousportraitsof
there are 33 licensing projects under development includ-
himselfthatpandertohisalreadyover-inflatedego.”[76]
ing seven “condo hotels” (the seven Trump International
Hotel and Tower developments). In June 2015, Forbes
pegged the Trump brand at USD$125 million[100] as re-
Brandingandlicensing
tailers like Macy’s Inc. and Serta Mattresses began drop-
pingTrumpbrandedproducts,withMacy’ssayingtheyare
Seealso: ListofthingsnamedafterDonaldTrump
“disappointed and distressed by recent remarks about im-
migrantsfromMexico.”[101][102]
Trump has marketed his name on a large number of
products and services, achieving mixed success doing so.
His external entrepreneurial and investment ventures in-
