Blood Science: Principles and Pathology

558 Pages·2014·21.95 MB·English

by  Andrew Blann

Blood Science

Blood Science
Principles and Pathology
Andrew Blann
UniversityofBirminghamCentre
forCardiovascularSciences
DepartmentofMedicine
CityHospital
Birmingham,UnitedKingdom
Nessar Ahmed
SchoolofHealthcareScience
ManchesterMetropolitanUniversity
Manchester,UnitedKingdom
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Blann,AndrewD.,author.
Bloodscience:principlesandpathology/AndrewBlannandNessarAhmed.
p.;cm.
Includesindex.
ISBN978-1-118-35138-3(cloth)–ISBN978-1-118-35146-8(paper)
I.Ahmed,Nessar,author. II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. BloodPhysiologicalPhenomena. 2. BloodChemicalAnalysis. 3. Pathology,
Clinical–methods. WH100]
RB145
616.070561–dc23
2013019467
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Setin9.25/11.5ptMinionbyThomsonDigital,Noida,India.
1 2014
For Edward, Eleanor and Rosie
Dr Andrew Blann
For Neha, Aryan and Saif
Dr Nessar Ahmed

Contents
Preface, xiii
Acknowledgements, xv
ListofAbbreviations, xvii
AbouttheCompanionWebsite, xxi
1 IntroductiontoBloodScience, 1
1.1 Whatisbloodscience?, 1
1.2 Biochemistry, 6
1.3 Bloodtransfusion, 8
1.4 Genetics, 10
1.5 Haematology, 14
1.6 Immunology, 17
1.7 Theroleofbloodscienceinmodernhealthcare, 19
1.8 Whatthisbookwillachieve, 22
Summary, 23
References, 23
Furtherreading, 23
Websites, 23
2 AnalyticalTechniquesinBloodScience, 25
2.1 Venepuncture, 25
2.2 Anticoagulants, 26
2.3 Sampleidentificationandtracking, 27
2.4 Technicalandanalyticalconfidence, 27
2.5 Majortechniques, 32
2.6 Moleculargenetics, 43
2.7 Pointofcaretesting, 47
2.8 Healthandsafetyinthelaboratory, 48
Summary, 49
Furtherreading, 50
Websites, 50
3 ThePhysiologyoftheRedBloodCell, 51
3.1 Introduction, 51
3.2 Thedevelopmentofbloodcells, 52
3.3 Erythropoiesis, 56
3.4 Theredcellmembrane, 58
3.5 Thecytoplasmoftheredcell, 60
3.6 Oxygentransport, 66
3.7 Recyclingtheredcell, 68
3.8 Redcellindicesinthefullbloodcount, 69
3.9 Morphologyoftheredcell, 72
Summary, 74
Furtherreading, 74
vii
viii Contents
4 ThePathologyoftheRedBloodCell, 75
4.1 Introduction:diseasesofredcells, 75
4.2 Anaemiaresultingfromattackon,orstressto,thebonemarrow, 78
4.3 Anaemiaduetodeficiency, 80
4.4 Intrinsicdefectsintheredcell, 85
4.5 Externalfactorsactingonhealthycells, 100
4.6 Erythrocytosisandpolycythaemia, 103
4.7 Moleculargeneticsandredcelldisease, 105
4.8 Inclusionbodies, 105
4.9 Casestudies, 105
Summary, 107
References, 107
Furtherreading, 107
5 WhiteBloodCellsinHealthandDisease, 109
5.1 Introduction, 109
5.2 Leukopoiesis, 111
5.3 Neutrophils, 115
5.4 Lymphocytes, 116
5.5 Monocytes, 117
5.6 Eosinophils, 118
5.7 Basophils, 119
5.8 Leukocytesinaction, 120
5.9 Whitecellsinclinicalmedicine, 127
5.10 Casestudies, 132
Summary, 132
Furtherreading, 133
6 WhiteBloodCellMalignancy, 135
6.1 Thegeneticbasisofleukocytemalignancy, 135
6.2 Tissuetechniquesinhaemato-oncology, 139
6.3 Leukaemia, 141
6.4 Lymphoma, 149
6.5 Myelomaandrelatedconditions, 152
6.6 Myelofibrosisandmyelodysplasia, 157
6.7 Casestudies, 157
Summary, 158
Furtherreading, 159
Guidelines, 159
7 ThePhysiologyandPathologyofHaemostasis, 161
7.1 Thebloodvesselwall, 162
7.2 Platelets, 163
7.3 Thecoagulationpathway, 165
7.4 Haemostasisasthebalancebetweenthrombusformationand
removal, 168
7.5 Thehaemostasislaboratory, 171
7.6 Thepathologyofthrombosis, 173
Summary, 175
Furtherreading, 175