Table Of ContentBLOOD CELLS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE, PART I
DEVELOPMENTS IN NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Series editor Peter H. Cox
Cox, P.H. (ed.): Cholescintigraphy. 1981. ISBN 90-247-2524-0
Cox, P.H. (ed.): Progress in radiopharmacology 3. Selected Topics. 1982.
ISBN 90-247-2768-5
Jonckheer, M.H. and Deconinck, F. (eds.): X-ray fluorescent scanning of the
thyroid. 1983. ISBN 0-89838-561-X
Kristensen, K. and N0rbygaard, E. (eds.): Safety and efficacy of radiopharma
ceuticals. 1984. ISBN 0-89838-609-8
Bossuyt, A. and Deconinck, F.: Amplitude/phase patterns in dynamic scinti
graphic imaging. 1984. ISBN 0-89838-641-1
Hardeman, M.R. and Najean, Y. (eds.): Blood cells in nuclear medicine I. Cell
kinetics and bio-distribution. 1984. ISBN 0-89838-653-5
Fueger, G.F. (ed.): Blood cells in nuclear medicine II. Migratory blood cells.
1984. ISBN 0-89838-654-3
Blood cells in nuclear
medicine, part I
Cell kinetics and bio-distribution
edited by
MAX R. HARDEMAN, PhD
Department of Internal Medicine
Academic Medical Center
University of Amsterdam
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
YVES NAJEAN, MD
Department of Nuclear Medicine
Hopital Saint Louis
Paris, France
1984 MARTINUS NIJHOFF PUBLISHERS ~.
a member of the KLUWER ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS GROUP ••
BOSTON / THE HAGUE / DORDRECHT / LANCASTER .~
IV
Distributors
for the United States and Canada: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 190 Old Derby
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for the UK and Ireland: Kluwer Academic Publishers, MTP Press Limited,
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for all other countries: Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, Distribution Center,
P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Blood cells in nuclear medicine, Part I, Cell kinetics and
bio-distribution.
(Developments in nuclear medicine)
Based on two meetings held in 1982 in Amsterdam and
Paris.
Includes index.
1. Radiolabeled blood cells--Diagnostic use--Congresses
2. Blood cells--Radiolabeling--Congresses. 3. Indium-
Isotopes--Diagnostic use--Congresses. 4. Radioisotope
scanning--Congresses. 5. Nuclear medicine--Technique-
Congresses. I. Hardeman, Max R. II. NaJean, Yves.
III. Title: Cell kinetics and bio-distribution.
IV. Series: Developments in nuclear medicine (1984)
[Dzm.I: 1. Blood Cells--physiology--congresses. 2. Cell
Movement--congresses. 3. Ind1um--diagnost1c use-
congresses. 4. Radioisotopes--d1agnostic use--COngreSB
es. Wl DE998KF / WH 140 B655 1982J
RC78.7.R43B56 1984 616.07'57 84-8100
ISBN-I3: 978-94-009-6029-9 e-ISBN-I3: 978-94-009-6027-5
DOl: 10.1007/978-94-009-6027-5
Copyright
© 1984 by Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, The Hague.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1984
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical,
photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of
the publishers,
Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, P.O. Box 566, 2501 CN The Hague,
The Netherlands.
v
Foreword xi
List of first authors
xiii
Acknowledgements xv
INTRODUCTICN
Approaches to radiolabelling blood d-c cells: past,
present and future
M.L. Thakur 3
CELL LABELLllJG TEDlNIQUES
2 Labelling techniques of granulocytes and platelets 17
with 111 In-oxinate
M.R. Hardeman, E.G.J. Eitjes-van Overbeek, A.J.M.
van Velzen, M.H. Rovekarnp
3 111rndium-labelling of human washed platelets; kinetics
29
and in vivo sequestration sites
M. Eber, J.P. Cazenave, J.C. Grob, J. Abecassis,
G. !o1ethlin
4 111Indium loss from platelets by in vitro and ex
44
vivo manipulation
R.J. Hawker, C.E. Hall, H. C-oldman, C.N. McCollum
PIATELEl'S: KrnETIC STUDIES
5 The maturation of megakaryocytes and their precursors
65
J.H. Paulus
6 !o1egakaryocytic precursors 74
J. Breton-Gorius, W. Vainchenker
7 !-1ethods of quantification of platelet production
86
in man. A critical analysis
Y. Najean
vi
8 Platelet production rate deteDmination with (75se)_
seleno-m:thionine
R. Cardinaud, E. Dassin 96
9 Platelet kinetics: the state of the art
A. duP Heyns 110
10 Platelet kinetics
A.M. Peters
130
Evaluation of models to deteDmine platelet life
11
span and survival curve shape
M.G. LOtter, C.P. Herbst, P.N. Badenhorst, A. duP
Heyns, P. Wessels, P.C. Minnaar 139
12 Canparison of three m:thods evaluating platelet
survival tim: in patients with prosthetic heart
valve
J. Schbath, D. Ville, B. Hathy, B. Sanchini,
E. Benveniste, J. Belleville, M. Dechavanne,
J.P. Boissel, J. Gillet 153
13 In vivo kinetics of simultaneously injected 111In_
and 51 Cr-labelled h1.nllan platelets: on the significance
of the platelet isolation yield from blood prior
to labelling
K.G. Schmidt, J .W. Rasrrussen, A.D. Rasrrussen,
H. Arendrup, M. Lorentzen
161
14 Simultaneous kinetics and external countings of
autologous 111 In-oxine labelled platelets
and harologous 51 Cr labelled platelets
N. Vigneron, Y. Najean
184
15 Platelet survival tim: (51Cr) and platelet
production tim: (Aspirin-MDA method): a simultaneous
evaluation in patients affected with cancers
A. Boneu, R. Bugat, P. Sie, B. Boneu
191
LABELLED PlATELETS: SCINTIGRAPHIC S'IUDIES
16 SUrvival tim: and organ distribution of 111 In
oxine-labelled human platelets in normal subjects
H.W. \1ahner, W.L. Dunn, M.K. Dewanjee, V. Fuster
201
vii
17 111In-labelled platelets in the diagnosis of
kidney transplant rejection
M.R. Hardeman, J. Vreeken, S. SUrachno, J.H.
ten Veen, J.M. Wilmink, E.A. van Royen,
J •B . van der Schoot 207
18 Continuous monitoring of human kidney transplants
by autologous labelled platelets
H. Sinzinger, Ch. Leithner, R. Hofer, L. Boltzmann 225
19 Use of 111 In-labelled platelets in cardiovascular
disease
J. Vreeken, M.R. Hardeman, G.D.C. Vosmaer, E.A. van
Royen, J.B. van der Schoot, D.R. DUren 234
20 Harocystinuria: kinetics and distribution of
111In-Iabelled platelets
R.L. Hill-ZObel, R.E. Pyeritz, U. Scheffel,
o. Malpica, S. Engin, E.E. Camargo, H. Abbott,
T.R. Guilarte, J. Hill, P.A. McIntyre, E.A. Murphy,
Hin-Fu Tsan 242
21 Noninvasive radioisotopic techniques for detection
of platelet deposition in mechanical and bovine
pericardial mitral valve prostheses and in vitro
guantitation of visceral microembolism
H.R. Dewanjee 262
PIATELETS, BETA-'lHRa.1BOGLOBULlli, PIATELET FAC'IDR 4
22 Beta-thranboglobulin, present state of the art 291
C.A. Ludlam
23 Beta-thranboglobulin and platelet factor 4 in
polycythemia and thranbocythemia
Y. Najean, o. Poirier 300
24 Beta-thranboglobulin, platelet factor 4 and
coronary heart disease
E. Pelissier, H. Baillet, C. Tzincoca, E. Terrier
310
25 Beta-thranboglobulin release and thramboxane
synthesis in diabetic platelets: effect of glycemic
control and retinopathy
P •J . Guillausseau, E. Dupuy, J. r-1a.clouf, A. Warnet,
J. Lubetzki 318
viii
26 Herrorheology and platelet activation: theoretical
and exper:ilrental aspects
Ph. Voisin, A. Larcan, J.F. Stoltz 329
27 111In_leukocyte scintigraphy in the diagnosis of
vascular graft infection
E.A. van Royen, M.H. ROvekamp, R.J .A.M. van Dongen,
J .B. van der Schoot, M.R. Hardeman 341
28 Diagnosis of intra abdaninal inflanmatory
processes with 111 In-labelled leucocytes
M.H. ROvekamp, W.H. Brunmelkamp, J .B. van der
Schoot, S.Chr.C. Reinders Folmer, E.A. van Royen 348
29 111In-autologous leucocytes in the diagnosis
and management of inflanmatory bowel disease
S.H. Saveryrnuttu, A.M. Peters, H.J.F. Hodgson,
V. S. Chadwick, J. P. Lavender 356
30 Diagnosis of orthopedic prostheses infection with
111In-labelled leucocytes
M.H. ROvekamp, E.A. van Royen, S.Chr.C. Reinders
Folmer, E.L.F.B. Raaymakers 363
31 Radiation dosimetry of 111In-oxinate labelled
leucocytes
E. Busemann-Sokole, D. Hengst, M.H. ROvekamp 372
LYMPHOCYTES
32 The lymphocyte in Hodgkin I s disease: has it
lost its way?
J. Wagstaff, Ch. Gibson, D. Crowther 383
33 Labelling of human lymphocytes with 111 In-oxinate
R.J.M. ten Berge, A.T. Natarajan, S.L. Yong,
M.R. Hardeman, E.A. van Royen, P.Th.A. Schellekens 389
ix
ERYTHROCYTES
34 TC99m labelling of red blood-cells and their
clinical application
J.B. van der Schoot, E. Busernann-Sokole, E.A. van
Royen, C. Thanas, A. Vyth 399
Index 413
xi
~RD
The labelling and in vivo use of blood-cells is not new; in 1940 Hahn
and Hevesy measured the blood-volume in a rabbit by labelling the animal
erythrocytes with radioactive phosphorus. Since then, many experimental
and clinical investigations using radiolabelled cellular blood-elements
have been described in literature. However, during the past few years,
their use has becane increasingly popular due to the developnent of
efficient labelling techniques involving radionuclides suitable for gamma
scintigraphy.
Indium-111 labelling, following the techniques as described in the
first chapter of this book, not only allows the visualization of sites
with active cell aCCl.lllUllation, but by virtue of the high labelling
efficiency, also pennits the labelling of autologous cells even in the
case of severe cytopenia.
The following three chapters are dealing with platelets. Platelet
production in man is IlOre difficult to analyse fran a quantitative and
qualitative point of view, than the red cell and granulocyte production;
we do not presently have for the platelet series a specific tracer like
iron 59 for herroglobin synthesis, nor \ a precise and reproducible
rrethod for quantifying stern cells, as for CPU/GM, BFU and CPU/E. However,
sane recent advances have increased our understanding of rregakaryocyte
production and the subsequent release of platelets for the identification
and quantification of hUIl'all rregakaryocytic stern cells and for a better
use of seleno-rrethionine as marker of platelet protein synthesis. The
simultaneous study of autologous and homologous platelet lifespan is
possible. Analysis of the survival curves may, however, not be easy when
survival is not clearly different fran nonnal values, e.g. in vascular
diseases; controversies on the published results of a prognostic signific
ance of shortened platelet lifespan and of normalization follOWing anti
aggregating drugs may be due to the rrethods used for calculating platelet
renewal. Chapter II is devoted to a critical analysis of rrethods in use
for platelet production- and survival calculations. Same recent results
of kinetic studies are also presented. Fran a theoretical point of view,
progress of our knowledge on platelet-vascular wall interactions makes
clinical studies of in vivo platelet function and kinetics very important
for patho- physiological analysis. And, fran a practical point of view,
early detection of platelet deposits, evidence of platelet activation,
could have clinical consequences for diagnosis, prognosis and choice of
