Biotechnology for Sustainable Agriculture: Emerging Approaches and Strategies

448 Pages·2017·5.18 MB·English

by  Ram Lakhan Singh

Biotechnology for
Sustainable Agriculture
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Biotechnology for
Sustainable Agriculture
Emerging Approaches and Strategies
Edited by
Ram Lakhan Singh
Sukanta Mondal
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Dedication
Dedicated to
the students and researchers
who refined our knowledge of Biotechnology
by their intelligent questions, queries, and discussions
over the years.
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Contents
ListofContributors xv
Preface xvii
Acknowledgments xxi
1. Introduction 1
RamLakhanSinghandSukantaMondal
Biotechnology 2
SustainableAgriculture 3
ApplicationofBiotechnologyforSustainableAgriculture 4
GeneticallyModifiedFoods 5
BiotechnologyforSustainableLivestockProduction 6
BiotechnologiesforGutMicroorganism 10
UseofMicrobesforSustainableAgriculture 10
ImpactofClimateChangeonAgricultureandLivestockProduction 11
NanotechnologyforSustainableAgriculture 14
BiosafetyAspects 15
GeneticEngineeringandPublicPerception 15
References 16
2. Biotechnological Tools to Enhance Sustainable
Production 19
RajatP.Singh,PradeepK.Singh,RasnaGuptaandRamLakhanSingh
Introduction 19
NeedforBiotechnologicalToolsforSustainableAgricultural
Production 20
BiotechnologicalToolsforCropImprovement 21
PlantBreedingandMarker-AssistedSelection 21
PlantTissueCultureandMicropropagation 23
GeneticEngineeringandGeneticallyModifiedCrops 24
MolecularPharming 26
Biofertilizers 28
Biopesticides 29
TypesofBiopesticides 29
Bacteria 30
Fungi 31
Baculovirus 31
vii
viii Contents
Plant-DerivedInsecticides 31
Neem 32
BiochemicalPesticides 33
BiotechnologicalToolsforLivestockImprovement 33
Marker-AssistedSelection 33
ReproductiveTechnologies 36
GeneticEngineeringandGMAnimals 41
MolecularDiagnosticToolsandAnimalHealth 46
VaccineTechnology 48
BiotechnologicalToolsforIndustrialApplication 53
ProteinEngineering(PE) 53
MetabolicEngineering(ME) 59
Conclusion 62
References 63
3. Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security 67
SharanaiahUmesha,HonnayakanahalliM.G.Manukumar
andBhadveluChandrasekhar
Introduction 67
TransferofTechnologies 71
InformationSupport 71
OrganicFarmingforSustainableAgriculture 73
BenefitsofSoilOrganicMatter 74
FoodSecurityandClimateChange 75
FourDimensionsofFoodSecurity 76
TheDurationofFoodInsecurity 76
Foodshed 82
TheFootprintofFood:The“Foodprint” 83
MetropolitanAgriFoodSystem 83
TheNeedtoImproveFoodSafetyandtoImplement
QualityAssurance 85
The“Preharvest”FoodSafetyandQualityApproach 86
ImprovingNutritionOutcomeRequiresMoreThanFood 87
TheMostVulnerabilityFromanUnderNutritionPerspective 87
TheIntractable,EquityDebateonSustainableDiets 87
ClimateChangeAdaptionandMitigation 88
FutureofFoodandFarming:ChallengesandChoicesfor
GlobalSustainability 89
Conclusion 91
References 91
4. Plant Biotechnology and Crop Improvement 93
PratikSatyaandDebabrataSarkar
Introduction 93
BoostingSustainableCropProductionThrough
BiotechnologicalApproaches 95
Contents ix
EnhancingProductivityThroughGeneticallyModifiedCrops 96
MolecularPlantBreedingandGenomics-AssistedCrop
Improvement 106
BiotechnologyforImprovingNutritionalQuality:
TransgenicPlantsforBetterHumanHealth 115
GoldenRice 115
BiofortificationofIroninRice 116
QualityProteinMaize 117
ModificationofEdibleOilQuality 117
GenomeEditingforCropImprovement 118
ZincFingerNucleasesasFirstMolecularScissors 119
TALEN:MoreEfficientMolecularScissor 119
CRISPR/Cas9:TheMostEfficientScissor 119
MolecularPharmingforMetaboliteProductioninPlants 121
Therapeutic,Nutritional,andOtherIndustrialProteinProduction
inPlant 121
SecondaryMetaboliteProductionbySingleCellCulture 123
FutureOutlook 124
References 125
FurtherReading 140
5. Transgenic Animal Production 141
Louis-MarieHoudebine
Introduction 141
TechniquesforAnimalGeneticModifications 144
MechanismsofRandomGeneIntegration 144
MechanismsofTargetedGeneIntegration 145
MethodsforGeneTransfer 147
DNATransferIntoEmbryos 148
DNATransferIntoIntermediateCells 152
GeneConstruction 156
NucleotidicCompositionoftheVectors 159
AdditionofInsulators 159
OptimizationoftheTranscribedRegion 160
CoexpressionofTwoCistronsFromtheSameVector 162
GeneInactivation 162
ControlofTransgenesbyExogenousInducers 164
GeneDeletion 164
UseofTransgenicAnimals 165
BasicandMedicalResearch 165
AdaptationofPigOrgansforTransplantationtoHumans 166
ProductionofPharmaceuticalProteinsbyTransgenicAnimals 167
ImprovementofAnimalProduction 168
AcceptabilityofTransgenicAnimals 174
Perspectives 175
References 176