Biotechnology for Environmental Management and Resource Recovery

324 Pages·2013·4.896 MB·English

by  Ramesh Chander Kuhad, Sarika Kuhar, Krishna Kant Sharma, Bhuvnesh Shrivastava (auth.), Ramesh Chander Kuhad, Ajay Singh (eds.)

Ramesh Chander Kuhad
Ajay Singh Editors
Biotechnology for
Environmental
Management and
Resource Recovery
Biotechnology for Environmental
Management and Resource Recovery

Ramesh Chander Kuhad (cid:129) Ajay Singh
Editors
Biotechnology
for Environmental
Management and
Resource Recovery
Editors
Ramesh Chander Kuhad Ajay Singh
Department of Microbiology Lystek International Incorporation
University of Delhi, South Campus Cambridge, ON, Canada
New Delhi, India
ISBN 978-81-322-0875-4 ISBN 978-81-322-0876-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-81-322-0876-1
Springer New Delhi Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2013932485
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Foreword
It gives me immense happiness to write the foreword for the excellent com-
pendium B iotechnology for Environmental Management and Resource
Recovery edited by Prof. Ramesh Chander Kuhad and Dr. Ajay Singh. The
constant increase in world population has put pressure on urban development
and agricultural productivity. Both have led to the generation of huge quantity
of wastes (solid and liquid). Inappropriate management of liquid and solid
waste not only increases the pollution to the environment but also threatens
human health. Therefore, the sustainable waste management technologies are
necessary to keep the environment clean and green.
In my opinion, solid waste disposal has comparatively bigger challenges than
liquid waste management. There are consistent efforts by researchers to continu-
ously develop new technologies for utilizing the solid wastes, especially the plant
biomass which represents a major part of the available solid wastes and represents
a renewable source of energy and chemicals. Various microbial processes have
been developed for bioconversion of agro-residues and grasses into bioethanol
as alternative fuel, digestible animal feed, and value-added chemicals.
I am delighted that an edited book on “Biotechnology for Environmental
Management and Resource Recovery” is being brought out, which discusses
a wide range of selected topics related to the applied and fundamental aspects
of potential utilization of agro-residues into value-added products and pro-
cesses and applications of microbial technologies for bioremediation and
monitoring of environmental pollutants. Chapters dealing with industrial
applications address current biotechnological approaches based on microbial
enzymes such as cellulases, ligninases, pectinases, and phytases.
This book has contributions from academicians and scientists from differ-
ent disciplines including microbiology, molecular biology, genetics, and
environmental biotechnology with diverse backgrounds and from universi-
ties, national laboratories and institutes, and industries. I am con fi dent that
the book should prove to be very useful to the students, researchers, scien-
tists, and teachers of microbiology, environmental science and engineering,
and biotechnology.
Prof. K.V.B.R. Tilak
Ph.D., FNASc, FNAAS, FNABS, FAPASc, FBS, FAMI
NASI Senior Scientist, Platinum Jubilee Fellow
Department of Botany
Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
v

Preface
The constant increase in urbanization and industrialization around the world
has immensely affected the environment. The textile, pulp and paper, petro-
chemicals, minerals, energy, food and feed, and other agro-based industries
produce huge amount of waste, which enters in terrestrial and aquatic envi-
ronments and eventually leads to environmental disturbances. Various types
of agricultural, forestry, and fruit and vegetable processing wastes represent
important energy and material resources and therefore require proper man-
agement to avoid the contamination of the environment and spoilage of valu-
able natural resources.
In the absence of inadequate waste management strategies, especially, the
developing countries suffer from severe environmental problems and short-
age of energy and resources and food production. Thus, there is a need to
have simple and economically viable and integrated technologies for environ-
mental management and resource recovery. Microorganisms and their
enzymes contribute signi fi cantly to residual biomass utilization, resource
recovery through recycling and conservation, and environmental manage-
ment. Recently, advances in microbiological, molecular, and enzymatic pro-
cesses have motivated in-depth studies to exploit microorganisms and their
enzymes for developing innovative biotechnologies.
Biotechnology for Environmental Management and Resource Recovery
presents a comprehensive review of selected research topics related to
environmental pollution management and developing biotechnologies
based on bioconversion of agro-residues (lignocellulosics) into biofuels,
animal feed, paper, etc. Moreover , rhizobacteria-based technology in agro-
ecosystem management has been discussed. The book comprises 16 chap-
ters, divided in two parts. Part I includes topics on microorganisms and
enzymes involved in lignin degradation vis-à-vis production of nutrition-
ally rich animal feed, microbial cellulases, pectinases, enzymatic retting,
biofuels, rhizobacteria and agricultural management, and sustainable
enzyme technology for resource recovery. Part II includes the aspects of
applied biocatalysis, metagenomics and genetically modifi e d micro-
organisms (GMOs), and microbial enzymes in environmental management
and bioremediation.
The book contains contributions from leading scientists with diverse back-
grounds of academic institutions and industries. This book will be of immense
use to the students of environmental biotechnology, microbiology, biochem-
istry, and other environmental sciences and engineering. This book will
vii
viii Preface
certainly be of equal interest to the teachers, scientists, and researchers,
whether in academia, industry, or government, directly involved in the
research or who want to learn about environmental management and the
ef fi cient utilization of natural resources via biotechnological applications.
Editors Ramesh Chander Kuhad
Ajay Singh
Contents

Part I
1 Microorganisms and Enzymes Involved in Lignin
Degradation Vis-à-vis Production of Nutritionally
Rich Animal Feed: An Overview ................................................ 3
Ramesh Chander Kuhad, Sarika Kuhar, Krishna Kant Sharma,
and Bhuvnesh Shrivastava
2 Solid-State Bioconversion and Animal Feed Production:
Present Status and Future Prospects. ......................................... 45
Sanjay Kumar, Bhuvnesh Shrivastava, James Gomes,
and Ramesh Chander Kuhad
3 Rhizobacteria in Management of Agroecosystem ..................... 55
Devendra Kumar Choudhary and B. N. Johri
4 Sustainable Enzyme Technology for Environment:
Biosensors for Monitoring of Pollutants
and Toxic Compounds ................................................................. 69
Pratyoosh Shukla, Vinod Nigam , Rishi G upta, Ajay Singh ,
and Ramesh Chander Kuhad
5 Enzymatic Retting: A Revolution in the Handmade
Papermaking from C alotropis procera ....................................... 77
R. K. Jain, A. K. Sharma, and Sunita Chauhan
6 Cellulases and Their Biotechnological Applications ................. 89
Rishi Gupta, Girija Mehta, Deepa Deswal, Sonia Sharma,
Kavish Kumar Jain, Ajay Singh, and Ramesh Chander Kuhad
7 Microbial Pectinases and Their Applications ............................ 107
Abha Sharma, Anita Shrivastava, Sonia Sharma, Rishi Gupta,
and Ramesh Chander Kuhad
ix