Table Of ContentBiotechnology
Second Edition
Volume lla
Environmental Processes I
8
WILEY-VCH
Biotechnology
Second Edition
Fundamentals Special Topics
Volume 1 Volume 9
Biological Fundamentals Enzymes, Biomass, Food and Feed
Volume 2 Volume 10
Genetic Fundamentals and Special Processes
Genetic Engineering
Volumes lla-c
Volume 3 Environmental Processes 1-111
Bioprocessing
Volume 12
Volume 4 Legal, Economic and
Measuring, Modelling and Control Ethical Dimensions
Products
Volume 5a
Recombinant Proteins, Monoclonal
Antibodies and Therapeutic Genes
Volume 5b
Genomics
Volume 6
Products of Primary Metabolism
Volume 7
Products of Secondary Metabolism
Volumes 8a and b
Biotransformations I and
I1
All volumes are also displayed on our Biotech Website:
http://www.wiley-vch.de/homelbiotech
A Multi-Volume Comprehensive Treatise
Biotechnology
Second, Completely Revised Edition
Edited by
H.-J. Rehm and G. Reed
in cooperation with
A. Puhler and Stadler
F?
Volume lla
Environmental Processes I
Wastewater Treatment
Edited by
J. Winter
8 WILEYWCH
Weinheim . New York Chichester Brisbane Singapore . Toronto
*
Series Editors: Volume Editor:
Prof. Dr. H.-J. Rehm Dr. G. Reed Prof. Dr. J. Winter
Institut fur Mikrobiologie 1029 N. Jackson St. #501-A Universitat Karlsruhe (TH)
Universitat Munster Milwaukee, WI 53202-3226 Institut fur Ingenieurbiologie und
CorrensstraRe 3 USA Biotechnologie des Abwassers
D-48149 Miinster Am Fasanengarten
FRG Postfach 6980
D-76128 Karlsruhe
Prof. Dr. A. Puhler Prof. Dr. P. I W. Stadler
Biologie VI (Genetik) Artemis Pharmaceuticals
Universitat Bielefeld Geschaftsfiihrung
P.O. Box 100131 Pharmazentrum Koln
D-33501 Bielefeld Neurather Ring
FRG D-51063 Koln
FRG
This book was carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors and publisher do not warrant the information
contained therein to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations,
procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate.
Library of Congress Card No.: applied for
British Library Cataloguing-in-PublicationD ata:
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Biotechnology: a multi volume comprehensive
treatise I ed. by H.-J. Rehm and G. Reed.
In cooperation with A. Piihler and P. Stadler. -
2., completely rev. ed. - VCH.
ISBN 3-527-28310-2 (Weinheim ...)
NE: Rehm, Hans-J. [Hrsg.]
Vol. lla: Environmental Processes I ed. by Winter
J.
ISBN 3-527-28321-8
0 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH, D-69469 Weinheim (Federal Republic of Germany), 1999
Printed on acid-free and chlorine-free paper.
All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages).N o part of this book may be reproduced in any
form - by photoprinting, or any other means - nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without
microfilm,
written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifi-
cally marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law.
Composition and Printing: Zechnersche Buchdruckerei, D-67330 Speyer.
Bookbinding: J. Schaffer, D-67269 Griinstadt.
Printed in the Federal Republic of Germany
Preface
In recognition of the enormous advances in series. Its members come from key institu-
biotechnology in recent years, we are pleased tions representing scientific input from about
to present this Second Edition of “Biotech- twenty countries.
nology” relatively soon after the introduction The volume editors and the authors of the
of the First Edition of this multi-volume com- individual chapters have been chosen for
prehensive treatise. Since this series was ex- their recognized expertise and their contribu-
tremely well accepted by the scientific com- tions to the various fields of biotechnology.
munity, we have maintained the overall goal Their willingness to impart this knowledge to
of creating a number of volumes, each de- their colleagues forms the basis of “Biotech-
voted to a certain topic, which provide scien- nology” and is gratefully acknowledged.
tists in academia, industry, and public institu- Moreover, this work could not have been
tions with a well-balanced and comprehensive brought to fruition without the foresight and
overview of this growing field. We have fully the constant and diligent support of the pub-
revised the Second Edition and expanded it lisher. We are grateful to VCH for publishing
from ten to twelve volumes in order to take “Biotechnology” with their customary excel-
all recent developments into account. lence. Special thanks are due to Dr. Hans-
These twelve volumes are organized into Joachim Kraus and Karin Dembowsky, with-
three sections. The first four volumes consid- out whose constant efforts the series could
er the fundamentals of biotechnology from not be published. Finally, the editors wish to
biological, biochemical, molecular biological, thank the members of the Scientific Advisory
and chemical engineering perspectives. The Board for their encouragement, their helpful
next four volumes are devoted to products of suggestions, and their constructive criticism.
industrial relevance. Special attention is given
here to products derived from genetically en- H.-J. Rehm
gineered microorganisms and mammalian G. Reed
cells. The last four volumes are dedicated to A. Piihler
the description of special topics. P. Stadler
The new “Biotechnology” is a reference
work, a comprehensive description of the
state-of-the-art, and a guide to the original
literature. It is specifically directed to micro-
biologists, biochemists, molecular biologists,
bioengineers, chemical engineers, and food
and pharmaceutical chemists working in indus-
try, at universities or at public institutions.
A carefully selected and distinguished
Scientific Advisory Board stands behind the
Scientific Advisory Board
Prof Dr. M.J . Beker Prof Dr. I. Goldberg
August Kirchenstein Institute of Microbiology Department of Applied Microbiology
Latvian Academy of Sciences The Hebrew University
Riga, Latvia Jerusalem, Israel
Prof Dr. C. L. Cooney Prof Dr. G. Goma
Department of Chemical Engineering DCpartement de GCnie Biochimique et
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Alimentaire
Cambridge, MA, USA Institut National des Sciences AppliquCes
Toulouse, France
Prof Dr. H. M? Doelle Sir D. A. Hopwood
Department of Microbiology Department of Genetics
University of Queensland John Innes Institute
St. Lucia, Australia Nonvich, UK
Prof Dr. J. Drews Prof Dr. E. H. Houwink
F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG Organon International bv
Basel. Switzerland Scientific Development Group
Oss, The Netherlands
Prof Dr. A. Fiechter Prof Dr. A.E . Humphrey
Institut fur Biotechnologie Center for Molecular Bioscience and
Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Biotechnology
Zurich, Switzerland Lehigh University
Bethlehem, PA, USA
Pro$ Dr. ir: K. Ghose Prof Dr. I. Karube
Biochemical Engineering Research Centre Research Center for Advanced Science
Indian Institute of Technology and Technology
New Delhi, India University of Tokyo
Tokyo, Japan
VIII Scientific Advisory Board
Prof Dr. M. A. Lachance Prof Dr. K. Schiigerl
Department of Plant Sciences Institut fiir Technische Chemie
University of Western Ontario Universitat Hannover
London, Ontario, Canada Hannover, Germany
Prof Dr. Liu Pro$ Dr. f? Sensi
E:
China National Center for Biotechnology Chair of Fermentation Chemistry
Development and Industrial Microbiology
Beijing, China Lepetit Research Center
Gerenzano, Italy
Pro$ Dr. J. E Martin Prof Dr. H. Tan
E:
Department of Microbiology Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology
University of Ledn National University of Singapore
Lebn, Spain Singapore
Prof Dr. B. Mattiasson Pro$ Dr. D. Thomas
Department of Biotechnology Laboratoire de Technologie Enzymatique
Chemical Center UniversitC de Compikgne
University of Lund Compibgne, France
Lund, Sweden
Prof Dr. M. Roehr Prof Dr. W Verstraete
Institut fur Biochemische Technologie Laboratory of Microbial Ecology
und Mikrobiologie Rijksuniversiteit Gent
Technische Universitat Wien Gent, Belgium
Wien. Austria
Prof Dr. H. Sahm Pro$ Dr. E.-L.W innacker
Institut fur Biotechnologie Institut fur Biochemie
ForschungszentrumJ iilich Universitat Miinchen
Jiilich, Germany Miinchen, Germany
Contributors
Dr. Rudolf Amann Prof. Dr. Eberhard Bock
MPI fur Marine Mikrobiologie Institut fur Allgemeine Botanik
CelsiusstraBe 1 Abteilung Mikrobiologie
D-28359 Bremen Universitat Hamburg
Germany OhnhorststraBe 18
Chapter 5 D-22609 Hamburg
Germany
Chapter 3
Dr. Ute Austermann-Haun Prof. Dr. Klaus Buchholz
Jnstitut fur Siedlungswassenvirtschaft und Lehrstuhl fur Technologie der Kohlenhydrate
Abfalltechnik Technische Universitat Braunschweig
Universitat Hannover Langer Kamp 5
Welfengarten 1 D-38106 Braunschweig
D-30167 Hannover Germany
Germany Chapter 24
Chapter 10
Dr. Matthias Barjenbruch Prof. Dr. Rainer Buchholz
Institut fur Kulturtechnik und Institut fur Biotechnologie
Siedlungswassenvirtschaft Technische Universitat Berlin
Universitat Rostock AckerstraBe 71-76
Satower Stralje 48 D-13355 Berlin
D-18059 Restock Germany
Germany Chapter 21
Chapter 18
Dr.-Ing. Peter Baumann Dr. Gerald Bunke
Institut fur Siedlungswasserbau, Wassergute Institut fur Biotechnologie
und Abfallwirtschaft Technische Universitat Berlin
Abt. Abwassertechnik AckerstraBe 71-76
Bandtale 2 D-13355 Berlin
D-70569 Stuttgart Germany
Germany Chapter 21
Chapter 16
X Contributors
Dr.-Ing. Bernd Dorias Prof. Dr. Mogens Henze
Drees & Sommer GmbH Department of Environmental Science and
Obere Waldplatze 13 Engineering
D-70569 Stuttgart Building 115
Chapter 16 Technical University of Denmark
DK-2800 Lyngby
Denmark
Chapter 20
Prof. Dr. Hans-Curt Flemming Dr. Look W. Hulshoff Pol
Institut fur Wasserchemie und Department of Environmental Engineering
Wassertechnologie Agricultural University of Wageningen
Universitat Duisburg P.O. Box 81 29
MoritzstraBe 26 NL-6700 EV Wageningen
D-45476 MulheidRuhr The Netherlands
Germany Chapter 25
Chapter 4
Dr. Claudia Gallert Dr. Norbert Jardin
Institut fur Ingenieurbiologie und Ruhrverband Essen
Biotechnologie des Abwassers Kronprinzenstr. 37
Universitat Karlsruhe (TH) D-45128 Essen
Am Fasanengarten Germany
Postfach 6980 Chapter 14
D-76128 Karlsruhe
Germany
Chapter 2
Dr. Peter Gotz Dr. Hans-Joachim Jordening
Institut fur Biotechnologie Lehrstuhl fur Technologie der Kohlenhydrate
Technische Universitat Berlin Technische Universitat Braunschweig
AckerstraBe 71-76 Langer Kamp 5
D-13355 Berlin D-38106 Braunschweig
Germany Germany
Chapter 21 Chapter 24
Prof. Dr. Ludwig Hartmann Prof. Dr.-Ing. Rolf Kayser
Am neuen Berg 10 Adolf-Bingel-StraBe 2
D-86673 Unterstall D-38116 Braunschweig
Germany Germany
Chapter 1 Chapter 13
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Winfried Hartmeier Prof. Dr. Paul Koppe
Lehrstuhl fir Biotechnologie Obere Saarlandstralje 3
RWTH Aachen D-45470 MiilheidRuhr
Worringerweg 1 Germany
D-52056 Aachen Chapter 9
Germa ny
Chapter 7
Contributors XI
Prof. Dr. Helmut Kroiss Dip1.-Ing. Hartmut Meyer
Institut fur Wassergute und Institut fur Siedlungswassenvirtschaft und
Landschaftswasserbau Abfalltechnik
Technische Universitat Wien Universitat Hannover
Karlsplatz 13/226 Welfengarten 1
A-1040 Wien D-30167 Hannover
Austria Germany
Chapters 6,23 Chapter 10
Dr. Peter Kuschk Dr. Eberhard Morgenroth
UFZ - Umweltforschungszentrum Department of Environmental Science and
Leipzig-Halle GmbH Engineering
Sektion Sanierungsforschung Technical University of Denmark
PermoserstraBe 15 Building 115
D-04318 Leipzig DK-2800 Lyngby
Germany Denmark
Chapter 12 Chapter 15
Prof. Dr. Gatze Lettinga Dr. Volkmar Neitzel
Department of Environmental Engineering Ruhrverband
Agricultural University of Wageningen KornprinzenstraSe 37
PO. Box 81 29 D-45128 Essen
NL-6700 EV Wageningen Germany
The Netherlands Chapter 9
Chapter 25
Dr. Judy Libra Dr. Peter Nisipeanu
Institut fur Verfahrenstechnik Ruhrverband
Technische Universitat Berlin KornprinzenstraSe 37
StraBe des 17. Juni 135 D-45128 Essen
D-10623 Berlin Germany
Germa ny Chapter 8
Chapter 19
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Herbert Mark1 Prof. Dr. Ing. Norbert Rabiger
AB BioprozeB- und Bioverfahrenstechnik Institut fur Umweltverfahrenstechnik
Technische Universitat Hamburg-Harburg Universitat Bremen
DenickestraBe 15 Postfach 330440
D-21071 Hamburg D-28334 Bremen
Germany Germany
Chapter 26 Chapter 27
Dr. Michael J. McInerney Dr. Monika Reiss
Department of Botany and Microbiology Lehrstuhl fur Biotechnologie
University of Oklahoma RWTH Aachen
770 Van Vleet Oval Worringenveg 1
Norman, OK 73019-0245 D-52056 Aachen
USA Germany
Chapter 22 Chapter 7
