Biosurfactants of Lactic Acid Bacteria

96 Pages·2016·1.78 MB·English

by  Deepansh Sharma

SPRINGER BRIEFS IN MICROBIOLOGY
Deepansh Sharma
Baljeet Singh Saharan
Shailly Kapil
Biosurfactants
of Lactic Acid
Bacteria
123
SpringerBriefs in Microbiology
More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8911
Deepansh Sharma Baljeet Singh Saharan
(cid:129)
Shailly Kapil
Biosurfactants of Lactic Acid
Bacteria
123
Deepansh Sharma Shailly Kapil
Schoolof Biosciences Division of DairyMicrobiology
LovelyProfessional University National Dairy Research Institute
Phagwara, Punjab Karnal, Haryana
India India
Baljeet SinghSaharan
Department ofMicrobiology
Kurukshetra University
Kurukshetra, Haryana
India
ISSN 2191-5385 ISSN 2191-5393 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inMicrobiology
ISBN978-3-319-26213-0 ISBN978-3-319-26215-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-26215-4
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2016932323
©TheAuthor(s)2016
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In Loving Memories of my Mother
Late. Smt. Kunta Sharma
Foreword
Biosurfactants, microbial surfactants, and emulsifiers
have attracted considerable attention in the past years
and they have been investigated extensively as an
alternative for chemically synthesized conventional
surfactants. Typically, their hydrophobic moiety is
composed of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids,
hydroxy fatty acids, or fatty alcohols, whereas the
hydrophilic moiety often contains a mono-, oligo-, or
polysaccharide, an amino acid, peptide, or protein.
The utilizable physicochemical properties of biosur-
factants are generally comparable to chemically syn-
thesized compounds. Advantageously, biosurfactants
can be produced from renewable resources or industrial waste products and are
biodegradable. In addition, several biosurfactants have been reported to have
manifold biological activities.
Many of our most consumed foods, toiletries, cosmetic products, and pharma-
ceuticals are emulsions. Therefore, the range of applications for surfactants and
emulsifiers is huge. However, the application of alternative biosurfactants in
innovativeproductshasonlyemergedinthepastdecade.Todayonlyrhamnolipids,
sophorolipids, and mannosylerythritol lipids are among the few commercially rel-
evantbiosurfactants.Althoughtheyhavebeenknownforseveraldecadesandtheir
productionistechnicallyfeasible,theyareconfinedtosmallbusinessnichesandno
broad applications are foreseeable in the near future. Nevertheless, there is a
demand for new and innovative surfactants. Especially in the food industry, new
andsafesurfactantsaredesiredasthereisonlyalimitednumberofsurfactantsand
emulsifiers approved by now.
What may be the reason for this situation? First, microbial production seems to
benotcompetitivebyeconomicalaspectsandthedevelopmentofmorecompetitive
processes isa challenging task. A second reason may be the lack of availability of
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viii Foreword
commercial samples for the development of novel applications. This may change,
however, in view of the many reported advantages of biosurfactants.
In my opinion, the one most disremembered advantage of biosurfactants is the
wide variety of chemical structures and their broad range of physical properties
covered. The scientific development in this area has witnessed a renaissance, as it
becomesevidentthatthenumberofmicroorganismsproducingsurfactantsandalso
the molecular diversity of microbial surface active substances may both be more
diverse than previously expected. The book now presented by Deepansh Sharma,
Baljeet Singh Saharan, and Shailly Kapil illuminates this for the biosurfactants
derivedfromlacticacidbacteria,alittleinvestigatedgroupinthisregard.Thebook
represents the first focused monograph on this issue presenting valuable informa-
tion as functional properties and structural composition.
The read shows that research opportunities are still ubiquitous in this field. The
identificationandcharacterizationofnewbiosurfactants,theisolationofnewlactic
acid bacteria, the biosynthesis, and its genetic organization are just the most
obvious research questions. Bioprocessing, purification, and application develop-
ment being subsequent topics.
One expectation of biosurfactants derived from overproducing and non-
pathogenicwild-typelacticacidbacteriaisthatthesewillqualifyasalternativesfor
food surfactants eventually.
I wish all of you an enjoyable read full of inspiration.
Prof. Dr. Rudolf Hausmann
Head
Faculty of Natural Sciences Institute of Food Science and
Biotechnology Department Bioprocess Engineering
Preface
Theideaofwritingabookon“BiosurfactantsofLacticAcidBacteria”struckus
instantaneously after I was enrolled as a Ph.D. scholar in Microbiology and start
working on biosurfactants derived from lactic acid bacteria. After five years of
research related to the biosurfactants obtained from lactic acid bacteria, I and my
mentor decided to compile all the information as a small compendium on
“BiosurfactantsofLacticAcidBacteria.”AndwefoundSpringerbriefseriesasthe
most appropriate way to publish our compendium. The prompt and positive
response from the Springer team through their valuable suggestions and timely
contributions are gratefully appreciated. The book consists of 7 chapters on dif-
ferent aspects; each one represents the progress, prospect, and challenges in bio-
surfactantoflacticacidbacteriaresearch.Thisissupposedtobethemostup-to-date
bookon“BiosurfactantsofLacticAcidBacteria.”Weattemptnotonlytohighlight
theremarkableprogressmadebythescientificcommunityinthisfieldofresearch,
but also to critically examine the lacuna to expand the commercial prospects
of these wonder biomolecules.
The term biosurfactant refers to those compounds that have surface tension
active properties, the molecules that reduce interfacial tension. The chemical
composition of biosurfactants can vary widely, but they have in common their
amphiphilic or amphipathic nature. These features make biosurfactants advanta-
geous in a wide variety of industrial formulations based on their capabilities to
lower surface tensions, increase solubility, their detergency power, wetting ability,
and foaming capacity. First, biosurfactants are considered environmentally
“friendly” since they are moderately nontoxic and biodegradable. Second, biosur-
factants have exceptional structures that are just starting to be cherished for their
potential applications to industrial biotechnology to environmental cleanup. This
“Biosurfactants of Lactic Acid Bacteria” book covers the current knowledge and
themostrecentadvancesinthefieldofmicrobialbiosurfactants.Thebookincludes
thephysicochemicalpropertiesofbiosurfactants,theirroleinthephysiologyofthe
microbe that produced them, the biosynthetic pathway for their production,
including the genetic regulation, and their potential biotechnological applications.
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x Preface
Ithankfullyacknowledgealltheco-authorsofeachchapterofthebookfortheir
valuable and inspiring contributions, especially my Mentor “Dr. Baljeet Singh
Saharan”forgivingmethisopportunity.IdohighlyappreciatethehelpthatIhave
constantlyreceivedfrommycolleaguesatSpringerGermanyandIndia.Ialsothank
my loving wife, Deepti Singh, for her constant support and patience. I also thank
myresearchstudents,particularlyGurkiranParmar,SakshiSood,Harsimran Kaur,
Sonali, and Sandeep Singh, for their technical support, understanding, and
forbearance.
Deepansh Sharma