BIOREFINERY OF INORGANICS (Wiley Series in Renewable Resource)

450 Pages·2020·28.876 MB·English

by  Erik Meers (editor), Gerard Velthof (editor), Evi Michels (editor), Rene Rietra (editor)

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Biorefinery of Inorganics
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Wiley Series
in
Renewable Resources
SeriesEditor:
ChristianV.Stevens,FacultyofBioscienceEngineering,GhentUniversity,Belgium
TitlesintheSeries:
WoodModification:Chemical,ThermalandOtherProcesses
CallumA.S.Hill
Renewables-BasedTechnology:SustainabilityAssessment
JoDewulf,HermanVanLangenhove
Biofuels
WimSoetaert,ErikVandamme
HandbookofNaturalColorants
ThomasBechtold,RitaMussak
SurfactantsfromRenewableResources
MikaelKjellin,IngegärdJohansson
IndustrialApplicationsofNaturalFibres:Structure,PropertiesandTechnicalApplications
JörgMüssig
(cid:2) (cid:2)
ThermochemicalProcessingofBiomass:ConversionintoFuels,ChemicalsandPower
RobertC.Brown
BiorefineryCo-Products:Phytochemicals,PrimaryMetabolitesandValue-AddedBiomass
Processing
ChantalBergeron,DanielleJulieCarrier,ShriRamaswamy
AqueousPretreatmentofPlantBiomassforBiologicalandChemicalConversiontoFuelsand
Chemicals
CharlesE.Wyman
Bio-BasedPlastics:MaterialsandApplications
StephanKabasci
IntroductiontoWoodandNaturalFiberComposites
DouglasD.Stokke,QinglinWu,GuangpingHan
CellulosicEnergyCroppingSystems
DouglasL.Karlen
IntroductiontoChemicalsfromBiomass,2ndEdition
JamesH.Clark,FabienDeswarte
LigninandLignansasRenewableRawMaterials:Chemistry,TechnologyandApplications
FranciscoG.Calvo-Flores,JoseA.Dobado,JoaquínIsac-García,FranciscoJ.Martin-Martínez
SustainabilityAssessmentofRenewables-BasedProducts:MethodsandCaseStudies
JoDewulf,StevenDeMeester,RodrigoA.F.Alvarenga
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CelluloseNanocrystals:Properties,ProductionandApplications
WadoodHamad
Fuels,ChemicalsandMaterialsfromtheOceansandAquaticSources
FrancescaM.Kerton,NingYan
Bio-BasedSolvents
FrançoisJérômeandRafaelLuque
NanoporousCatalystsforBiomassConversion
Feng-ShouXiaoandLiangWang
ThermochemicalProcessingofBiomass:ConversionintoFuels,ChemicalsandPower,2nd
Edition
RobertC.Brown
ChitinandChitosan:PropertiesandApplications
LambertusA.M.vandenBroekandCarmenG.Boeriu
TheChemicalBiologyofPlantBiostimulants
DannyGeelen,LinXu
ForthcomingTitles:
WasteValorization:WasteStreamsinaCircularEconomy
SzeKiLin,ChongLi,GuneetKaur,XiaofengYang
ProcessSystemsEngineeringforBiofuelsDevelopment
AdriánBonilla-Petriciolet,GadePanduRangaiah
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BiobasedPackaging:Material,EnvironmentalandEconomicAspects
MohdSapuanSalit,RushdanAhmadIlyas
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Biorefinery of
Inorganics
Recovering Mineral Nutrients from Biomass and
Organic Waste
(cid:2) Editedby (cid:2)
ERIK MEERS
DepartmentofGreenChemistry&Technology,GhentUniversity,Belgium
GERARD VELTHOF
WageningenEnvironmentalResearch,TheNetherlands
EVI MICHELS
DepartmentofGreenChemistry&Technology,GhentUniversity,Belgium
RENÉ RIETRA
WageningenEnvironmentalResearch,TheNetherlands
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Thiseditionfirstpublished2020
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Names:Meers,Erik,1976-editor.|Velthof,Gerard,1964-editor.|Michels,Evi,1980-editor.|Rietra,
Rene,1967-editor.
Title:Biorefineryofinorganics:recoveringmineralnutrientsfrom
biomassandorganicwaste/editedbyErikMeers,FacultyofBioscience
Engineer,LaboratoryofAnalyticalChem,GerardVelthof,EviMichels,ReneRietra,
WageningenUniversity.
Description:Firstedition.|Hoboken,NJ:JohnWiley&Sons,Inc.,[2020]
|Series:Wileyseriesinrenewableresources|Includesbibliographical
referencesandindex.
Identifiers:LCCN2020005302(print)|LCCN2020005303(ebook)|ISBN
9781118921456(hardback)|ISBN9781118921463(adobepdf)|ISBN
9781118921470(epub)
Subjects:LCSH:Sewage–Purification–Nutrientremoval.|Factoryandtrade
waste–Purification.|Nutrientpollutionofwater
Classification:LCCTD758.5.N58.B562020(print)|LCCTD758.5.N58
(ebook)|DDC631.8/69–dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020005302
LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020005303
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PrintedandboundbyCPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon,CR04YY
10987654321
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Contents
ListofContributors xix
SeriesPreface xxv
Preface xxvii
SectionI GlobalNutrientFlowsandCyclinginFoodSystems 1
1 GlobalNutrientFlowsandCyclinginFoodSystems 3
QianLiu,JingmengWang,YongHou,KimovanDijk,WeiQin,JanPeter
Lesschen,GerardVelthof,andOeneOenema
1.1 Introduction 3
1.2 PrimaryandSecondaryDrivingForcesofNutrientCycling 4
1.3 AnthropogenicInfluencesonNutrientCycling 6
1.4 TheGlobalNitrogenCycle 7
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1.5 TheGlobalPhosphorusCycle 9
1.6 ChangesinFertilizerUseDuringtheLast50Years 12
1.7 ChangesinHarvestedCropProductsandinCropResiduesDuring
theLast50Years 14
1.8 ChangesintheAmountsofNandPinAnimalProductsand
Manures 15
1.9 ChangesintheTradeofFoodandFeed 16
1.10 ChangesinNutrientBalances 16
1.11 GeneralDiscussion 17
References 20
SectionII TheRoleofPolicyFrameworksintheTransition
TowardNutrientRecycling 23
2.1 TowardaFrameworkthatStimulatesMineralRecoveryinEurope 25
NicolasDeLaVegaandGregoryReuland
2.1.1 TheImportanceofManagingOrganicResidues 25
2.1.2 TheRiseofNutrientandCarbonRecycling 26
2.1.3 TheEuropeanFrameworkforNutrientRecoveryandReuse(NRR) 27
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2.1.4 EUWasteLegislation 27
2.1.5 MovingfromWastetoProductLegislationandtheInterplaywith
OtherEULegislation 29
2.1.6 ComplyingwithExistingEnvironmentalandHealth&Safety
Legislation 30
2.1.7 Conclusion 32
References 32
2.2 LivestockNutrientManagementPolicyFrameworkintheUnitedStates 33
GeorgineYorgeyandChadKruger
2.2.1 Introduction 33
2.2.2 TheLegal-RegulatoryFrameworkforManureNutrient
Management 34
2.2.3 CurrentManure-ManagementPractices 35
2.2.4 PublicInvestmentsforImprovementofManure-Management
Practices 36
2.2.5 TheRoleoftheJudicialProcessandConsumer-DrivenPreferences 37
2.2.6 LimitationsoftheCurrentFramework 38
2.2.7 Conclusion 39
References 40
2.3 BiomassNutrientManagementinChina:TheImpactofRapidGrowth
andEnergyDemand 43
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PaulThiers
2.3.1 Introduction 43
2.3.2 TheImpactofEconomicLiberalizationPolicyinthe1980sand
1990s 43
2.3.3 EnvironmentalProtectionEffortsandUnintendedConsequences 44
2.3.4 RenewableEnergyPolicyandItsImpactonBiomassManagement 46
2.3.5 Conclusion 49
References 50
2.4 NutrientCyclinginAgricultureinChina 53
LinMa,YongHou,andZhaohaiBai
2.4.1 Introduction 53
2.4.2 NutrientCyclinginChina 54
2.4.3 EffectsontheEnvironment 55
2.4.4 NutrientManagementPolicies 57
2.4.5 FuturePerspectives 59
2.4.5.1 NationalNutrientManagementStrategy 59
2.4.5.2 ChallengesofTechnologyTransferinManureManagement 59
2.4.5.3 EnvironmentalProtection 60
2.4.6 Conclusion 61
References 63
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Contents ix
SectionIII StateoftheArtandEmergingTechnologiesin
NutrientRecoveryfromOrganicResidues 65
3.1 ManureasaResourceforEnergyandNutrients 67
IvonaSigurnjak,ReinhartVanPoucke,CélineVaneeckhaute,EviMichels,
andErikMeers
3.1.1 Introduction 67
3.1.2 EnergyProductionfromAnimalManure 68
3.1.2.1 AnaerobicDigestion 71
3.1.2.2 ThermochemicalConversionProcess 73
3.1.3 NutrientRecoveryTechniques 76
3.1.3.1 PhosphorusPrecipitation 77
3.1.3.2 AmmoniaStrippingandScrubbing 77
3.1.3.3 MembraneFiltration 78
3.1.3.4 PhosphorusExtractionfromAshes 79
3.1.4 Conclusion 79
References 79
3.2 MunicipalWastewaterasaSourceforPhosphorus 83
AleksandraBogdan,AnaAlejandraRoblesAguilar,EviMichels,
andErikMeers
3.2.1 Introduction 83
(cid:2) 3.2.2 PhosphorusRemovalfromWastewater 84 (cid:2)
3.2.3 SludgeManagement 84
3.2.4 CurrentStateofPRecoveryTechnologies 85
3.2.4.1 PhosphorusSaltsPrecipitation 85
3.2.4.2 PhosphorusRecoveryViaWet-ChemicalProcesses 87
3.2.4.3 PhosphorusRecoveryViaThermalProcesses 88
3.2.4.4 ChoiceofPhosphorusTechnologiesToday 89
3.2.5 FuturePRecoveryTechnologies 90
3.2.5.1 PhosphorusSaltRecoveryUpgrades 90
3.2.5.2 ThermalProcesses 91
3.2.5.3 NaturalProcessfortheRecoveryofPhosphorus 91
3.2.6 Conclusion 92
References 92
3.3 AmmoniaStrippingandScrubbingforMineralNitrogenRecovery 95
ClaudioBrienza,IvonaSigurnjak,EviMichels,andErikMeers
3.3.1 Introduction 95
3.3.2 AmmoniaStrippingandScrubbingfromBiobasedResources 96
3.3.2.1 AcidScrubbingofExhaustAir 97
3.3.2.2 StrippingandScrubbingfromManure 97
3.3.2.3 StrippingandScrubbingfromAnaerobicDigestate 97
3.3.2.4 ManureandDigestateProcessingbyEvaporation 98
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3.3.3 AlternativeScrubbingAgents 98
3.3.3.1 OrganicAcids 98
3.3.3.2 NitricAcid 98
3.3.3.3 Gypsum 99
3.3.4 IndustrialCasesofStrippingandScrubbing 99
3.3.4.1 WasteAirCleaningViaAcidScrubbing 99
3.3.4.2 RawDigestateProcessingViaStrippingandScrubbingand
RecirculationoftheN-DepletedDigestate 99
3.3.4.3 LiquidFractionDigestateProcessingViaStrippingand
Scrubbing 100
3.3.4.4 LiquidFractionofDigestateProcessingViaMembrane
SeparationandStrippingandScrubbing 100
3.3.5 ProductQualityofAmmoniumSulfateandAmmoniumNitrate 100
3.3.5.1 AmmoniumSulfate 101
3.3.5.2 AmmoniumNitrate 102
3.3.6 Conclusion 102
References 103
SectionIV InspiringCasesinNutrientRecoveryProcesses 107
4.1 StruviteRecoveryfromDomesticWastewater 109
AdrienMarchi,SamGeerts,BartSaerens,MarjoleineWeemaes,
(cid:2) LiesDeClercq,andErikMeers (cid:2)
4.1.1 Introduction 109
4.1.2 ProcessDescription 110
4.1.3 AnalysesandTests 111
4.1.3.1 MassBalance 111
4.1.3.2 StruvitePurity 112
4.1.4 OperationalBenefits 114
4.1.4.1 EnhancedDewaterability 114
4.1.4.2 EnhancedRecoveryPotential 115
4.1.4.3 ReducedScaling 115
4.1.4.4 ReducedPhosphorusContentintheSludgePellets 116
4.1.4.5 ReducedPandNLoadintheRejectionWater 116
4.1.5 EconomicEvaluation 116
4.1.6 FutureChallenges 117
4.1.6.1 In-DepthQualityScreening 117
4.1.6.2 ImprovedCrystalSeparation 117
4.1.7 Conclusion 118
References 118
4.2 MineralConcentratesfromMembraneFiltration 121
PaulHoeksmaandFridtjofdeBuisonjé
4.2.1 Introduction 121
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