Biophysics of Insect Flight

215 Pages·2022·5.291 MB·English

by  N. Chari, Prasad Mukkavilli, Laxminarayana Parayitam

Springer Series in Biophysics 22
N. Chari
Prasad Mukkavilli
Laxminarayana Parayitam   Editors
Biophysics
of Insect
Flight
Springer Series in Biophysics
Volume 22
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ResearchInstitute,Darlinghurst,NSW,Australia
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· ·
N. Chari Prasad Mukkavilli
Laxminarayana Parayitam
Editors
Biophysics of Insect Flight
Editors
N.Chari PrasadMukkavilli
KakatiyaUniversity SNIST
Warangal,Telangana,India Hyderabad,India
LaxminarayanaParayitam
ResearchandTrainingUnitfor
NavigationalElectronics
OsmaniaUniversity
Hyderabad,India
ISSN0932-2353 ISSN1868-2561 (electronic)
SpringerSeriesinBiophysics
ISBN978-981-16-5183-0 ISBN978-981-16-5184-7 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5184-7
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AbouttheInsectintheFigure
Insectflightischaracterizedbylowmass,chitinousflappingflexiblemembranous
wings, low Re, low AR, low L/D ratio, medium frequency and flexible resilin as
anelastomeratthewingbase.ThisbookdealswithproblemsassociatedwithMAV
prototypedesignbasedonthefeaturesandcharacteristicsofinsectflight.
It may be possible to suggest the design of an experimental/prototype for bio-
mimickinginsectMAV.Thepracticalproblemsofnanodesigncomeinabigway
whiledealingwithproblemsofwindflow.Lackofknowledgeofflowphysicsatlow
Reposesamajorhurdleinathoroughunderstandingoftheanalysisofinsectflight
aswellasinsectmimickingMAVdesign.
Such MAVs require small flapping flexible wings undergoing structural defor-
mationswhileproducingtherequiredaerodynamicforces.Theresultingaeroelastic
effectsneedtobeproperlyunderstoodtogetaprototypeMAVmodel.Information
on flapping flexible wings is too meager for its design. A possible solution might
comebytheselectiveuseofnano-technologyfortheprototypeofdesigns.
Exclusive aspects of insect flight morphology, bio-aerodynamics and Moment
ofInertia(MI)havebeendiscussedfordevelopingbio-mimickingprototypeMicro
AerialVehicles(MAV).MajorexperimentsandtestshavebeencarriedoutonTesser-
atomajavanica(T.j),Soapnutbugasanidealflier.TheseinsectsarefoundinSouth
AsiancountriesincludingIndiaandAfrica.Atemperature-andhumidity-controlled
Entodome has been constructed for the first time in India especially for breeding
andculturingthesewildinsectsallaroundtheyear.Theinsectflightmodelcouldbe
suggestedbasedonextensiveresearchworkcarriedoutforthelastfiftyyearsatK.
U.WarangalandSNIST,Hyderabad.
Anano-torsionbalancewasusedatNationalAerospaceLaboratories(NAL)to
measurevariousaerodynamicforceslikethrust,liftandbodymass,whichisofthe
order of less than a gram. Wings on both the sides weigh about 20 mg. The lift
and torque forces in the tethered flight of T.j are observed on an oscilloscope for
measuring the bioacoustic sound and aerodynamic forces. Thoracic pro-scutellum
shapeandtergum(geometry)playavitalroleinthisinsectflight.Soapnutbugisa
moderatehigh-frequencyflier.
Thesmokestudiesareconductedonaliveinsecttostudytheflowvisualization
withandwithoutflappingforthefirsttimebycollaboratingwiththescientistsfrom
NAL-MAVunit,Bangalore.Furtherdetailedexperimentalstudiesareunderprogress.
Thewingbeatfrequency,liftandtorqueparametershavebeenestimatedintethered
flightbyusingasensitivetorsionbalance.Alow-speedwindtunnelwasfabricated
forestimatingfrequency,velocityandotheraerodynamicforces.
TheMIcharacteristicsandWingLoadingstudieshavebeencarriedoutextensively
onT.jbyusingthestrip-analysismethod.Thesestudiesarehelpfultoestimatewing
geometry,wingbeatfrequency,associatedaerodynamicparametersandwingdesigns.
Wingspanloadingstudieshavebeensuggestedforunderstandinginsectflightsince
thisparameterhappenstobetheratioofwingloadingtoaspectratioandisofpractical
importanceincomparativebio-aerodynamicstudies,leadingtonano-technological
bio-mimickingdesigns.
Preface
IamhighlyobligedtoNDRFauthorities,Bangalore,forfinancialassistance,encour-
agementandkindcooperation.TheauthorisgratefultoHonourableSecretary,Dr.
K.T.MahheandExecutiveDirector,Prof.P.NarasimhaReddy,SNISTforthe
generousfacilities,encouragementandsupportforcompletingthisproject.Iappre-
ciateallmyco-authorsfortheirkindcooperation,patienceandencouragementduring
difficulttimes.
I thank my wife Mrs. Asha Bai for constant encouragement and maintaining
domesticpeace.
WeareextremelygratefultohonorablereviewersofthebookfromNDRFand
Springer,whichhelpedusalottoimprovethestandardofthebook.
Myself and my co-editors are extremely grateful to Springer Publications for
excellinginprintinganddeliveringthebookin-time.
Hyderabad,India N.Chari
ChiefEditorandAuthor
vii
Contents
1 Introduction .................................................. 1
N.ChariandPonnaSrinivas
2 FlightaRetrospectaBriefReview .............................. 9
N.ChariandPonnaSrinivas
3 AerodynamicConsiderations ................................... 17
PrasadMukkavilli, N.Chari, A.ShubhanandaRao,
andA.G.Sarwade
4 FlightMorphologyandFlightMuscles .......................... 41
N.Chari,A.Ravi,PonnaSrinivas,andA.Uma
5 TypesofTexturesinInsectWingsandClassification .............. 57
N.Chari,A.P.Rao,PonnaSrinivas,andN.Girish
6 TheoriesonHoveringFlightofInsects .......................... 77
N.Chari,PrasadMukkavilli,A.G.Sarwade,andD.Sandhya
7 MomentofInertiaandMutilationStudiesofanInsectWing ...... 89
N.Chari,PrasadMukkavilli,A.G.Sarwade,andKamalakarPallela
8 ChitinousMembranesandAnalogousMaterial .................. 107
N.Chari,SeshaSrinivasVutukuru,R.Saicharan,andA.Uma
9 Aeroelasticity ................................................. 121
N.Chari,PrasadMukkavilli,A.G.Sarwade,andKamalakarPallela
10 InsectMigration .............................................. 133
PonnaSrinivas, KamalakarPallela, G.SurenderReddy,
andN.Chari
11 MAVDesignAspectsUsingMEMS ............................. 143
SuryanarayanaPalleboinaandKamalakarPallela
ix
x Contents
12 Bio-mimickingMAVsBasedonInsectFlightStudies ............. 155
N.Chari,PrasadMukkavilli,andA.G.Sarwade
13 Navigation—AGeneralOverview ............................... 167
LaxminarayanaParayitam, SaraswathiSirikonda,
SuryanarayanaPalleboina,andN.Chari
14 WingbeatFrequencyTheories—AMathematicalApproach ....... 187
G.ShailajaandN.Chari
15 CommentsonBio-physicsofInsectFlight(PresentandFuture) .... 197
K.M.R.Achary,N.Chari,andPonnaSrinivas
References ........................................................ 203
Index ............................................................. 207