Table Of ContentBIOMONITORS AND
BIOMARKERS AS
INDICATORS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE 2
A Handbook
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE RESEARCH
Series Edtior:
Herbert S. Rosenkranz
Department of Environmental and Occupational Health
Graduate School of Public Health
University of Pittsburgh
130 DeSoto Street
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Founding Editor:
Alexander Hollaender
Recent Volumes in this Series
Volume 47—GLOBAL ENERGY STRATEGIES: Living with Restricted Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Edited by James C. White
Volume 48—GLOBAL ATMOSPHERIC-BIOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY
Ronald G Prinn
Volume 49—BIODEGRADATION OF NITROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS
Edited by Jim C. Spain
Volume 50—BIOMONITORS AND BIOMARKERS AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE: A Handbook
Edited by Frank M. Butterworth, Lynda D. Corkum, and Judith Guzmän-Rincön
Volume 51—CHEMISTRY FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 2
Edited by Lucjan Pawlowski, William J. Lacy, Christopher G Uchrin, and
Marzenna R. Dudziiiska
Volume 52—PRODUCED WATER 2: Environmental Issues and Mitigation Technologies
Edited by Mark Reed and Stale Johnsen
Volume 53—EVALUATING CLIMATE CHANGE ACTION PLANS: National Actions for
International Commitment
Edited by James C. White
Volume 54—BIOTECHNOLOGY IN THE SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT
Edited by Gary S. Sayler, John Sanseverino, and Kimberly L. Davis
Volume 55—CHEMISTRY FOR THE PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 3
Edited by Lucjan Pawlowski, Marjorie A. Gonzales, Marzenna R. Dudzifiska, and
William J. Lacy
Volume 56—BIOMONITORS AND BIOMARKERS AS INDICATORS OF ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE 2
Edited by Frank M. Butterworth, Amara Gunatilaka, and Maria Eugenia Gonsebatt
Volume 57—PERCHLORATE IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Edited by Edward Todd Urbansky
Volume 58—THERMAL SOLID WASTE UTILISATION IN REGULAR AND INDUSTRIAL
FACILITIES
Edited by Lucjan Pawlowski, Marzenna R. Dudzifiska, and Marjorie A. Gonzalez
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BIOMONITORS AND
BIOMARKERS AS
INDICATORS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE 2
A Handbook
Edited by
Frank M. Butterworth
Institute for River Research International
Rochester, Michigan
Amara Gunatilaka
Donaukraft Engineering
Vienna, Austria
and
Maria Eugenia Gonsebatt
Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico
Cuidad Universitaria, Mexico
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Proceedings of the 41st Conference of the International Association for Great Lakes Research Symposium on
Biomonitors and Biomarkers as Indicators of Environmental Change 2, held May 18-22, 1998 in Hamilton,
Ontario, Canada
ISBN 978-1-4613-5488-8 ISBN 978-1-4615-1305-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-1305-6
©2001 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers in 2001
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001
http ://w w w. wkap. nl/
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
A CLP. record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission
from the Publisher
PREFACE
Biomonitors and Biomarkers as Indicators of
Environmental Change II
Monitoring the environment is absolutely essential if we are to identify
hazards to human health, to assess environmental cleanup efforts, and to prevent
further degradation of the ecosystem. Biomonitors and biomarkers combined with
chemical monitoring offer, it will be learned, the best approach to making these
assessments. The purpose of this book was the same as that of Volume I, to docu
ment recent developments and applications in biomonitor and biomarker research.
The second volume builds on the first (Butterworth et aI., eds., 1995, Biomonitors
and Biomarkers as Indicators of Environmental Change, Plenum Publishing, New
York) with a compilation of methods enriching the list of possible monitoring
systems.
The book is intended for researchers who want to incorporate newer and
different technologies in their development of specifically-crafted monitors;
students who are learning the field of biomonitoring [Note: the National
Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) is planning to use both volumes in
a newly-organized course on biomonitoring]; and regulatory agencies that want
to consider newer technologies to replace inadequate and less powerful test
regimes.
The book resulted from a symposium of the same title that was held (May
19-22, 1998) as part of the annual conference of the International Association of
Great Lakes Research held at the McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario,
Canada. As in the first conference and volume, we searched for systems that would
go beyond bioaccumulation of specific pollutant chemicals and their toxic effects
on individuals, populations, and communities. We sought candidate biomonitor/
biomarker systems that included a range of endpoints in a variety of laboratory
and sentinel organisms and systems exhibiting high reliability, short turn-around
time and low cost. There was also a need to detect atmospheric pollution, to use
plant test systems, and to apply molecular biotechnology to the construction of bio
markers and biomonitors. There were two major changes over the first volume:
one section completely devoted to on-line/automated biomonitoring and another
section devoted to recombinogenesis offering new methods and applications. In
both cases we sought expertise from Europe.
v
vi PREFACE
The objectives for the conference and this book were to: facilitate an exchange
of ideas and knowledge on state-of-the-art biomonitoring methods and applications;
develop associations between laboratories in signatory countries of the North
American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) where there will be challenges of
increased pollution in already threatened ecosystems; and introduce researchers
of the Great Lakes, the greatest natural water resource in North America, to the
benefits of recent environmental monitoring technology.
Outcomes of the first volume led to at least two river monitoring projects
in Canada and Mexico. In the Canadian project the late Robbin Hough and Carl
Freeman, authors in the first volume, instituted with the aid of the First Nation,
an automated chemical and biological monitoring system on Walpole Island in
the delta of the St. Clair River in Ontario. The Mexican project is a chemical
and biomonitoring regime on the heavily industrialized Zahuapan River watershed
in Tlaxcala State, Mexico led by Alfredo Delgado with the aid of Rafael Villalobos
and Sandra Gomez authors in the first volume. With the success of these projects
it is realistic to expect that even more projects will result form the current
volume.
Although the systems described in these proceedings were not meant to be
exhaustive, they do offer interesting insights, ingenious applications, and oppor
tunities to combine these to form powerful monitoring suites that will be able to
detect and also define pollution effects in biological terms. We are grateful to the
International Association for Great Lakes Research and McMaster University for
their help in establishing the symposium and providing resources and facilities at
the conference, and to Patricia Ramirez for her valuable help in the final prepara
tion of the manuscripts for publication.
CONTENTS
1. Introduction ..................... ..................... 1
Frank M. Butterworth, Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini,
and Maria E. Gonsebatt
SECTION I: AUTOMATED MONITORING:
ON-LINE MONITORING
2. A Brief Review of Chemical and Biological Continuous
Monitoring of Rivers in Europe and Asia ................. 9
Amara Gunatilaka and Peter Diehl
3. The Evaluation of "Dynamic Daphnia Test" after a Decade of Use:
Benefits and Constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......... 29
Amara Gunatilaka, Peter Diehl, and Heike Puzicha
4. The "Musselmonitor®" as Biological Early Warning System:
The First Decade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..................... 59
Kees 1M. Kramer and Edwin M. Foekema
5. Quantitative Behavior Analysis-A New Approach to the
Challenges of Environmental Toxicology ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
0. Hunrich Spieser
6. An Introduction to Behavioral Monitoring-Effects of
Nonylphenol and Ethinyl-Estradiol on Swimming Behavior
of Juvenile Carp ................ ......................... 93
O. Hunrich Spieser, Julia Schwaiger, Hermann Ferling,
and Rolf-Dieter Negele
vii
viii CONTENTS
7. How to Use Fish Behavior Analysis to Sensitively Assess the
Hazard Potentials of Environmental Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
Daniela Baganz, Georg Staaks, 0. Hunrich Spieser,
and Christian E.w. Steinberg
8. Continuous Water Monitoring: Changes of Behavior Patterns as
Indicators of Pollutants ................ ................... 123
Elke Bltibaum-Gronau, Michael Hoffmann, O. Hunrich Spieser,
and Wilfred Scholz
AUTOMATION TECHNOLOGIES
9. Restoration and Classification of Water-Borne Microbial Images for
Continuous Monitoring of Water Quality... . . ....... .. . . 143
Manohar Das and Frank M. Butterworth
10. Screen-printed Disposable Biosensors for Environmental
Pollution Monitoring ................ ..................... 157
David C. Cowell, Abdul K. Abass, Antony A. Dowman,
John P. Hart, Roy M. Pemberton, and Sarah J. Young
11. Optical Sensors and Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring 175
Patricia Scully, Rekha Chandy, Robert Edwards,
David Merchant, and Roger Morgan
SECTION II: RECOMBINATION AND RECOMBINOGEN DETECTION
12. Recombination as Indicator for Genotoxic and "Non-genotoxic"
Environmental Carcinogens ................ ............... 201
Rudolf Fahrig
13. Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test in Drosophila Used for
Biomonitoring of Environmental Pollutants ................ 221
Judith Guzman-Rincon, Patricia Ramirez-Victoria,
and Luis Benitez
14. A New Way to View Complex Mixtures: Measurement of Genotoxic
Effects of Mixtures of a Polychlorinated Biphenyl,
a Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon, and Arsenic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
Richard M. McGowen, D. Carl Freeman,
and Frank M. Butterworth
15. Drosophila is a Reliable Biomonitor of Water Pollution 257
Patricia Ramos-Morales, Maria Guadalupe Ordaz,
Adriana Dorantes, Hugo Rivas, Patricia Campos,
Moises Martinez, and Blanca Hernandez
CONTENTS ix
SECTION III: NEW APPROACHES AND APPLICATIONS
OF ESTABLISHED SYSTEMS:
SENTINEL SYSTEMS
16. A New Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor for Ecologically
Relevant Supervision of Surface Waters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301
Almut Gerhardt
17. Cytogenetic and Cytotoxic Damage in Exfoliated Cells as
Indicators of Effects in Humans. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ............ 317
Maria E. Gonsebatt, Patricia Guzman, and Juliana BIas
18. p53 Mutation Load: a Molecular Linkage to Carcinogen Exposure
and Cancer ................ ......................... 333
S. Perwez Hussain and Curtis C. Harris
19. Plant Biomonitors in Aquatic Environments: Assessing Impairment
via Plant Performance ................ .................... 347
Lesley Lovett-Doust and Jon Lovett-Doust
20. Fish Chromosomes as Biomarkers of Genotoxic Damage and
Proposal for the Use of Tropical Catfish Species for
Short-term Screening of Genotoxic Agents ................ 361
Manuel Uribe-Alcocer and Pindaro Diaz-Jaimes
LABORATORY-BASED BIOMONITORS
21. The Tetramitus Assay ............... . 391
Robert L. Jaffe
22. The Use of Aquatic Invertebrate Toxicity Tests and Invertebrate
Enzyme Biomarkers to Assess Toxicity in the States of
Aguascalientes and Jalisco, Mexico ................ ......... 427
Roberto Rico-Martinez, Carlos Alberto Velazquez-Rojas, Ignacio
Alejandro Perez-Legaspi, and Gustavo Emilio Santos-Medrano
23. Biomonitoring of Pesticides by Plant Metabolism: an Assay
Based on the Induction of Sister-Chromatid Exchanges
in Human Lymphocyte Cultures by Promutagen Activation
of Vicia faba ................ ......................... 439
Sandra Gomez-Arroyo, Maria Elena Calder6n-Segura,
and Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini
x CONTENTS
24. Genetic Monitoring of Airborne Particles. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......... 457
Rafael Villalobos-Pietrini, Sandra G6mez-Arroyo,
and Omar Amador-Munoz
SECTION IV: ABSTRACfS
25. Abstracts of presentations not submitted as chapters 487
Index .............................................................. 499
