Table Of ContentBiomedical Science and Technology
Recent Developments in the Pharmaceutical
and Medical Sciences
Biomedical Science and Technology
Recent Developments in the Pharmaceutical
and Medical Sciences
Edited by
A. Atilla Htncal
and
H. Siiheyla Ka§
Hacettepe University
Ankara, Turkey
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Biomedical science and technology: recent developments in the pharmaceutical and medical
sciences / edited by A. Atilla Hmcal and H. Siiheyla ~
p. cm.
"Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Biomedical Science and Technol-
ogy, held September 15-17, 1997, in Istanbul, Turkey"-T.p. verso.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4613-7440-4 ISBN 978-1-4615-5349-6 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4615-5349-6
1. Biomedical engineering-Congresses. 2. Medical technology-Congresses. 3. Pharma
ceutical technology-Congresses. 4. Biotechnology-Congresses. I. Hmcal, A. Atilla. II. Kaj,
H. Siiheyla. III. International Symposium on Biomedical Science and Technology (4th: 1997:
Istanbul, Turkey)
[DNLM: 1. Technology, Pharmaceutical congresses. 2. Thchnology, Medical congresses.
QV 778 B6155 1998]
R856.A2B577 1998
610' .28--dc21
DNLM/DLC 98-22345
for Library of Congress CIP
Proceedings ofthe Fourth International Symposium on Biomedical Science and Technology,
held September 15-17, 1997, in Istanbul, Turkey
ISBN 978-1-4613-7440-4
© 1998 Springer Science+Business Media New York
OriginalIy published by Plenum Press, New York in 1998
http://www.plenum.com
1098765432 1
AII rights reserved
N o part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written
permission from the Publisher
BIOMED-4
The Fourth International Symposium on Biomedical Science and Technology
SYMPOSIUM COORDINATORS
E. Pi~kin Hacettepe University
V. Haslrcl Middle East Technical University
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
U. Akbulut TR H. S. Ka~ TR
G. Alaeddinoglu TR R. Langer USA
S. Benita IL T. Nagai J
G. Gregoriadis UK E. Pi~kin TR
M.1. Groves USA D. Poncelet F
N. Haslrcl TR Y. P. Tan TR
V. Haslrcl TR A. Turner TR
1. Heller USA Y. Ulcay TR
A. A. Hmcal TR D. L. Wise USA
LOCAL ORGANISING COMMITTEE
A. Araman Istanbul University
B. Anca Hacettepe University
S. <::ah~ Hacettepe University
A.A.Hmcal Hacettepe University
H. S. Ka~ Hacettepe University
F. Oner Hacettepe University
L. Oner Hacettepe University
UNDER THE AUSPICES OF
• TlmiTAK-The Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey
• Marmara University
• Hacettepe University Development Foundation
v
• Fako ila91an
• Pharmacia Upjohn
• Planta Pharma
• Ali Raifila9 San. A.~.
• Berksam i1a9 Tic. A.~.
• Bilim i1a9 Sanayii
• Karadeniz Ecza Deposu
• Organon ila91an A.~.
• Roche i1a9lan
• Schering-Plough Tlbbi Driinler Tic. A.~.
• Wyeth ila91an A.~.
vi
FOREWORD
Advancing with Biomedical Engineering
Today, in most developed countries, modem hospitals have become centers of sophis
ticated health care delivery using advanced technological methods. These have come from
the emergence of a new interdisciplinary field and profession, commonly referred to as "Bio
medical Engineering." Although what is included in the field of biomedical engineering is
quite clear, there are some disagreements about its definition. In its most comprehensive
meaning, biomedical engineering is the application of the principles and methods of engi
neering and basic sciences to the understanding of the structure-function relationships in
normal and pathological mammalian tissues, as well as the design and manufacture of prod
ucts to maintain, restore, or improve tissue functions, thus assisting in the diagnosis and treat
ment of patients. In this very broad definition, the field of biomedical engineering now
includes:
• System analysis (modeling, simulation, and control of the biological system)
• Biomedical instrumentation (detection, measurement, and monitoring of physio
logic signals)
• Medical imaging (display of anatomic details or physiologic functions for diag
nosis)
• Biomaterials (development of materials used in prostheses or in medical devices)
• Artificial organs (design and manufacture of devices for replacement or augmen
tation of tissues or organs)
• Rehabilitation (development oftherapeutic and rehabilitation procedures and de
vices)
• Diagnostics (development of expert systems for diagnosis of diseases)
• Controlled drug delivery (development of systems for administration of drugs and
other active agents in a controlled manner, preferably to the target area)
• Tissue engineering (use of functional, healthy cells from different sources, usu
ally with extracellular components, either natural or synthetic, in the development
of biological substitutes for restoration or replacement of tissue function)
With all of the exciting fields of application mentioned above, biomedical engineer
ing is today providing the methods, materials, and devices for the effective and efficient solu
tion of the problems in our present health care system by using existing engineering
technology and systems methodology.
The number of health care facilities in Turkey is also rapidly growing and, in parallel
to the advances in the developed countries, medical staff, especially in modem hospitals, are
using products of the mainly imported sophisticated biomedical technology. These activities
abroad have induced both Turkish scientists in the academia and the experts in the related in-
vii
dustries to contribute to the methodology and techniques of this novel field of science and
technology, or to develop new, local alternatives in our institutions.
In order to contribute to the activities in this rapidly growing field in Turkey, we initi
ated a series of symposia on "Biomedical Science and Technology" about four years ago. The
fourth one, with international status, was held on September 15-17, 1997, in istanbul. The
main emphasis was on drug delivery and targeting, but other applications were also included.
We believe and hope that, as previously, these meetings would bring the scientists and engi
neers from different disciplines, medical staff from clinical medicine, and experts from re
lated industries together and trigger the development of this existing field of science and
technology in Turkey.
Erhan Pi~kin and Vaslf HamCI
Coordinators
viii
PREFACE
This book contains the full papers of the invited lecturers and the oral presentations of
the 4th International Symposium on Biomedical Science and Technology (BIOMED-4), held
in istanbul-Turkey between September 15-17,1997. This symposium is organized with the in
tention of exchanging information with scientists all over the world in this growing interdisci
plinary field of biomedical science and technology and of encouraging young researchers to
find a place for themselves in this wide spectrum of interesting subjects. The symposium ex
posed to the participants several aspects of biomedical science and technology ranging from
polymers, adjuvants, and vaccines to pharmaceutical, biotechnological, dental, and medical
applications. The careful blend of the plenary lectures provided the participants with the op
portunity to receive an overall view ofthese subjects. The main subjects covered at this sympo
sium were application of microencapsulation, recent advances in nanoparticles, biodegradable
polymers, pH-sensitive polymers, phospholipid-stabilized emulsions, drug carriers for bio
technology-derived products, tissue engineering ofiiver, adjuvants in vaccines, perfluorocar
bons in wound healing, and polymers used in dentistry, orthopedics, and urology.
We believe that the presentations of the invited lecturers and oral presenters compiled
in the following pages will contribute significantly to future studies applying biomedical sci
ence and technology.
The Organising Committee wishes to thank TOBiTAK (The Scientific and Technical
Research Council of Turkey), Marmara University president's office, Hacettepe University
Development Foundation, and the national and international pharmaceutical companies that
supported the activities of this symposium. The editors wish to thank Pharm. Betiil Anca
(M.Sc) for her computer assistance, and would like to express their appreciation to Plenum
Press for the opportunity to publish the proceedings and, in particular, to the authors ofthe pa
pers, without whose contributions this work would not be available to those who are inter
ested in this area.
We hope that this book will be helpful to those working in this interdisciplinary field.
A. Atilla Hmcal and H. Siiheyla Ka~
ix
CONTENTS
Polymer Based Drug Delivery Systems
E. Pi~kin
Recent Advances and Industrial Applications of Microencapsulation .............. 17
S. Benita
Recent Advances in Nanopartic1es and Nanospheres ........................... 31
1. Kreuter
Evaluation and Formulation of Biodegradable Levodopa Microspheres Using 32
Factorial Design .................................................... 41
B. Anca, H. S. Ka~, and A. A. Hmcal
Surface-Modified Phospholipid-Stabilized Emulsions as Targeted Systems for
Inhibition of Metastatic Cancer ........................................ 51
M. 1. Groves and X. Gao
Physical Characterization and Stability of a Microemulsion for Potential Oral
Administration of a Peptide ........................................... 65
A. Tiirkyllmaz, N. (:elebi, B. Goniil, and H. Alkan-Onyiiksel
Urea Permeation through Complex Coacervate Membranes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 73
S. Peker, S. Helvacl, and H. Esen
Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Biosynthesis, Screening and Characterisation ..... 81
i. Giirsel and N. G. Alaeddinoglu
Antibiotic Release from Biodegradable PHBV Micropartic1es . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 89
D. ~endil, i. Gursel, D. L. Wise, and V. Hamcl
Drug Carrier Systems for Biotechnology Derived Products ...................... 97
F. Oner
Tissue Engineering of Liver '" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 109
Y. M. Elt;in
An Indepth Characterization of BHK Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 117
A. Stacey, G. Stacey, and S. i. Giirhan
xi
Investigation of Biological and Polymeric Material Using Atomic Force Microscopy .. 123
H. Zareie, A P. Gunning, F. Ozer, E. V Bulmu~, A. R. Kirby, A Yousefi Rad,
A K. Pi~kin, V J. Morris, and E. Pi~kin
The Future Potential for the Use of Adjuvants in Human Vaccines ................ 129
D. Stewart-TulI
Evaluation of the Antibody Response after Oral Immunization by Microparticles
Containing an Antigen from Schistosoma Mansoni . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 13 7
M.-A Benoit, B. Baras, O. Poulain-Godefroy, A-M. Schacht, A. Capron,
J. GilIard, and G. Riveau
Polymeric Materials in Wound Healing ...................................... 145
K. Ulubayram and N. HamCl
Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Wound Healing in Fluorocarbon and Chitosan Gels
in a Rabbit Model ................................................... 155
E. Memi~oglu, F. Oner, H. S. Ka~, L. Zarif, A Ayhan, i. Ba~aran, and
A A Hmcal
Use of Polymers in Dentistry .............................................. 163
S. ~ahin
Controlled Release Antibiotics for Treatment of Periodontal Disease 171
R. Darvari, D. L. Wise, V. N. Haslfcl, M. Boroujerdi, D. J. Trantolo, and
J. D. Gresser
Microbial Polyhydroxyalkanoates as Biodegradable Drug Release Materials ........ 183
V. Haslrcl, i. Giirsel, F. Tiiresin, G. Yigitel, F. Korkusuz, and G. Alaeddinoglu
Vancomycin-Loaded Calcium Sulfate for the Treatment of Osteomyelitis-Controlled
Release by a Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) Polymer .......................... 189
M.-A. Benoit, B. Mousset, R. Bouillet, C. Delloye, and J. Gillard
The Use of Bioresorbable Implants in Orthopaedics ............................ 197
A M. Tokgozoglu
The Development ofa Novel Composite Bone Substitute for Use in Drug Release .... 205
M. B. Yaylaoglu, P. Korkusuz, U. Ors, F. Korkusuz, and V. HaSlfCl
Use of Polymers in Urology ............................................... 217
A Ergen
The Evolution of Membranes for Hemodialysis ............................... 219
M. Storr, R. Deppisch, R. Buck, and H. Goehl
Contact Authors ........................................................ 235
Index ................................................................. 237
xii
