Biomedical Engineering - Frontiers and Challenges

386 Pages·2011·29.761 MB·English

by  R. Fazel-Rezai

BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
– FRONTIERS AND
CHALLENGES

Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai
Biomedical Engineering – Frontiers and Challenges
Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai

Published by InTech
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Copyright © 2011 InTech
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Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer Jan Hyrat
Image Copyright Alfred Bondarenko, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com

First published July, 2011
Printed in Croatia

A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]

Biomedical Engineering – Frontiers and Challenges, Edited by Reza Fazel-Rezai
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-309-5
free online editions of InTech
Books and Journals can be found at
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Contents

Preface IX
Chapter 1 Modern Synthesis and
Thermoresponsivity of Polyphosphoesters 1
Yasuhiko Iwasaki
Chapter 2 Inactivation of Bacteria by Non-Thermal Plasmas 25
R. Morent and N. De Geyter
Chapter 3 Photocrosslinkable Polymers for Biomedical Applications 55
P. Ferreira, J. F. J. Coelho, J. F. Almeida and M. H. Gil
Chapter 4 Hydroxyapatite-Based Materials:
Synthesis and Characterization 75
Eric M. Rivera-Muñoz
Chapter 5 Non Thermal Plasma Sources of
Production of Active Species for
Biomedical Uses: Analyses, Optimization and Prospect 99
M. Yousfi, N. Merbahi, J. P. Sarrette, O. Eichwald,
A. Ricard, J.P. Gardou, O. Ducasse and M. Benhenni
Chapter 6 Thermal Responsive Shape
Memory Polymers for Biomedical Applications 125
Jianwen Xu and Jie Song
Chapter 7 Biocompatible Phosphorus Containing Photopolymers 143
Claudia Dworak
Chapter 8 Coating Nanomagnetic
Particles for Biomedical Applications 157
Ângela Andrade, Roberta Ferreira,
José Fabris and Rosana Domingues
Chapter 9 Effect of Texture on Success Rates of Implants 177
Abdelilah Benmarouane
VI Contents

Chapter 10 Magnetic Particle Induction and
Its Importance in Biofilm Research 189
Amy M. Anderson, Bryan M. Spears, Helen V. Lubarsky,
Irvine Davidson, Sabine U. Gerbersdorf and David M. Paterson
Chapter 11 Biocompatible Polyamides and
Polyurethanes Containing Phospholipid Moiety 217
Yu Nagase and Kenji Horiguchi
Chapter 12 Scalable Functional Bone Substitutes:
Strategic Integration of Key Structural
Elements of Bone in Synthetic Biomaterials 233
Tera M. Filion and Jie Song
Chapter 13 Bacterial Cellulose for Skin Repair Materials 249
Fu Lina, Zhang Yue, Zhang Jin and Yang Guang
Chapter 14 Hydrogel Biomaterials 275
Alpesh Patel and Kibret Mequanint
Chapter 15 On the Application of Gas Discharge Plasmas
for the Immobilization of Bioactive Molecules
for Biomedical and Bioengineering Applications 297
Frank Hempel, Hartmut Steffen, Benedikt Busse, Birgit Finke,
J. Barbara Nebe, Antje Quade, Henrike Rebl, Claudia Bergemann,
Klaus-Dieter Weltmann and Karsten Schröder
Chapter 16 The Application of
Biomolecules in the Preparation of Nanomaterials 319
Zhuang Li and Tao Yang
Chapter 17 Dielectrophoresis for Manipulation of Bioparticles 335
Naga Siva K. Gunda and Sushanta K. Mitra
Chapter 18 Role of Proteins on the Electrochemical
Behavior of Implanted Metallic Alloys,
Reproducibility and Time-Frequency Approach
from EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) 355
Geringer Jean and Navarro Laurent

Preface

There have been different definitions for Biomedical Engineering. One of them is the
application of engineering disciplines, technology, principles, and design concepts to
medicine and biology. As this definition implies, biomedical engineering helps closing
the gap between“engineering” and “medicine”.
There are many different disciplines in engineering field such as aerospace,
chemical, civil, computer, electrical, genetic, geological, industrial, mechanical. On
the other hand, in the medical field, there are several fields of study such as
anesthesiology, cardiology, dermatology, emergency medicine, gastroenterology,
orthopedics, neuroscience, pathology, pediatrics, psychiatry, radiology, and surgery.
Biomedical engineering can be considered as a bridge connecting field(s) in
engineering to field(s) in medicine. Creating such a bridge requires understanding
and major cross - disciplinary efforts by engineers, researchers, and physicians at
health institutions, research institutes, and industry sectors. Depending on where
this connection has happened, different areas of research in biomedical engineering
have been shaped.
In all different areas in biomedical engineering, the ultimate objectives in research and
education are to improve the quality life, reduce the impact of disease on the everyday
life of individuals, and provide an appropriate infrastructure to promote and enhance
the interaction of biomedical engineering researchers. In general, biomedical
engineering has several disciplines including, but not limited to, bioinstrumentation,
biostatistics, and biomaterial, biomechanics, biosignal, biosystem, biotransportation,
clinical, tissue, rehabilitation and cellular engineering. Experts in biomedical
engineering, a young area for research and education, are working in various industry
and government sectors, hospitals, research institutions, and academia. The U.S.
Department of Labor estimates that the job market for biomedical engineering will
increase by 72%, faster than the average of all occupations in engineering. Therefore,
there is a need to extend the research in this area and train biomedical engineers of
tomorrow.
This book is prepared in two volumes to introduce a recent advances in different
areas of biomedical engineering such as biomaterials, cellular engineering,
biomedical devices, nanotechnology, and biomechanics. Different chapters in both
X Preface

volumes are stand-alone and readers can start from any chapter that they are
interested in. It is hoped that this book brings more awareness about the biomedical
engineering field and helps in completing or establishing new research areas in
biomedical engineering.
As the editor, I would like to thank all the authors of different chapters. Without your
contributions, it would not be possible to have a quality book and help in the growth
of biomedical engineering.

Dr. Reza Fazel-Rezai
University of North Dakota
Grand Forks, ND,
USA