Table Of ContentBiomedical Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
edited by
Akihiro Miyauchi
Yuji Miyahara
Published by
Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
Level 34, Centennial Tower
3 Temasek Avenue
Singapore 039190
Email: [email protected]
Web: www.jennystanford.com
British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Biomedical Engineering
Copyright © 2022 Jenny Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd.
All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced
in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including
photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system
now known or to be invented, without written permission from the
publisher.
ISBN 978-981-4877-63-3 (Hardcover)
ISBN 978-1-003-14194-5 (eBook)
Contents
Preface
xv
1. Biosensors Using Metal Oxides as a Sensing Material 1
Miyuki Tabata and Yuji Miyahara
1.1 Metal Oxides as a Biosensing Element 2
1.1.1 Metal Oxides as a pH Sensor 2
1.1.2 Electrical/Electrochemical pH Detection 3
1.2 Nucleic Acids Detection or Sequencing Using
Metal Oxide Devices Based on pH Sensing 6
1.2.1 Semiconductor-Based DNA Sequencer 6
1.2.2 Simple Detection of Nucleic Acids Using
Miniaturized pH Electrodes x 8
1.3 Dental Caries Detection Using Ir/IrO -Based
Micro pH Sensors 10
1.3.1 General Information on Dental Caries 10
1.3.2 Dental Caries Diagnosis Using pH as a
Detection Index 11
2. B1.i4o senSsuomrsm Baarsye d on FETs Containing Nanostructures 1127
Anri Nakajima
2.1 Introduction 18
2.2 Biosensors with Nanowire FETs 1 9
2.2.1 Mechanism of High Sensitivity in
Biomolecule Detection with Nanowire
FETs 20
2.3 Biosensors Based on SETs 24
2.4 Organic Nanostructures for Biosensors 27
2.5 Summary 29
vi Contents
3. Noble Metallic Pt Coating on Silk Textile by a
Supercritical CO -Promoted Metallization Technique
2
towards Applications of Biocompatible Medical
Wearable Devices 33
Wan-Ting Chiu, Tso-Fu Mark Chang, Hiromichi Kurosu, and
Masato Sone
3.1 Introduction 34
3.2 Experimentals 36
3.2.1 Sc-CO2-Assisted Catalyzation 36
3.2.2 Sc-CO2-Assisted Metallization 36
3.2.3 Analyses of Surface, Physical and
Chemical Properties 37
3.3 Results and Discussion 39
3.3.1 Structures and Phases Investigation 39
3.3.2 Morphologies of Silk–Pt Composites at
Various Metallization Times 43
3.3.3 Electrical Properties 47
3.3.4 Adhesive Tests 48
3.3.5 Corrosion Resistance Measurements in
3.5 wt% NaCl and in SBF 49
3.3.5.1 Corrosion behavior in 3.5 wt%
NaCl solution 49
3.3.5.2 Corrosion behavior in the SBF 50
3.3.6 Immersion Test for Biocompatibility
Assessment 51
4. 3B.i4o senCsoonrcsl uBsaisoends on Silicon Photonics 5527
Shin Yokoyama, Yoshiteru Amemiya, Takeshi Ikeda, Akio Kuroda,
and Mitsuhiko Ogihara
4.1 Introduction 57
4.2 Optical Ring Resonator Biosensor 60
4.2.1 Operation Principle 61
4.2.2 Fabrication Process 61
4.2.3 Measurement 62
Contents vii
4.2.4 Si-Tag and Detection Process 63
4.2.5 Measurement and Results 64
4.3 Slot Ring Resonator Biosensor 68
4.3.1 Principle of Enhanced Sensitivity by
Slot Ring 68
4.3.2 Fabrication of Silicon Nitride Slot Ring 69
4.3.3 Detection of PSA by Slot Ring Biosensor 70
4.3.4 Temperature Dependence of Resonance
Wavelength 71
4.4 Differential Ring Resonator Biosensor 71
4.4.1 Operation Principle of Differential
Resonator Biosensor 71
4.4.2 Fabrication of Differential Ring Resonator 72
4.4.3 Temperature Dependence of the
Differential Output 73
4.4.4 Detection of Sucrose and PSA by
Differential Sensor 74
4.5 Photonic Crystal Resonator Biosensor 76
4.5.1 Fabrication and Performance of PhC
Resonator 76
4.5.2 Detection of PSA by PhC Resonator
Sensor 78
4.6 Total Sensing System 78
4.6.1 Implementation of CMOS Operational
Amplifiers, Photodetectors, and
Waveguides on a Single Chip 78
4.6.2 Fluid Channel with Microvalves 81
4.6.3 Integration of Light-Emitting Devices 83
5. 4R.e7u saSbulem Smuarfrayc e Acoustic Wave Immunosensor for 85
Enhanced Monitoring of Airborne House Dust Mite
Allergens 91
Koji Toma, Takahiro Arakawa, and Kohji Mitsubayashi
5.1 Introduction 92
5.2 Emerging Mite Allergen Biosensors 93
viii Contents
5.3 Reusable Surface Acoustic Wave Immunosensor
for Mite Allergen Monitoring 94
5.4 Enzymatic Precipitation Method for Enhanced
SAW Immunosensor 96
6. 5D.e5v eloSupmmmenatr yo f Novel Fluorescent Sensors Based on 100
Fluorescent Natural Compounds 103
Tomoya Hirano, Hidetomo Yokoo, Ayumi Ohsaki, and
Hiroyuki Kagechika
6.1 Introduction 104
6.2 Development of Novel Fluorescent Sensors
Based on Canthin-5,6-Dione Moiety 106
H
6.3 Polarity-Sensitive Fluorescent Molecules Based
on 1,5-Naphthyridin-2(1 )-One 109
6.4 Application to Sensing of Biomolecular Interaction 110
7. 6Li.v5i ngC-Coenlcl lAunsiaolnys is by Surface Plasmon Resonance 112
and Its Medical Application 117
Yuhki Yanase and Michihiro Hide
7.1 SPR and SPRI Sensors 118
7.2 SPR and SPRI Sensors for Living Cells Analysis 120
7.3 Application of SPR and SPRI Sensors 123
7.3.1 Optical Fiber SPR Sensors for Living Cell
Analysis 123
7.3.2 Diagnosis of Immediate Type Allergy by
SPR and SPRI Sensors 124
7.3.3 High-Resolution SPRI Sensors for Living
Cell Analysis 126
7.3.4 Long-Range SPR and SPRI Sensors for
Living Cell Analysis 126
7.3.5 Multi-Parametric Cell Analysis by SPR
and SPRI Sensors 127
7.4 Summary 127
Contents ix
8. Oximetry for Various Tissues Using Near-Infrared
Spectroscopy 133
Masatsugu Niwayama
8.1 Introduction 134
8.2 Measurement of Optical Absorption Coefficient 135
8.3 Principle of SRS Oximeter 138
8.4 Development of Oximeter for Various Tissues 144
8.5 Application of Developed Device 145
9. 8D.e6v eloCpomncelunsti oonf THz Laser Spectrometer and Its 147
Application for Pharmaceutical Inspection 151
Tetsuo Sasaki, Tomoaki, Sakamoto, and Makoto Otsuka
9.1 Introduction: Terahertz Waves and Terahertz
Spectroscopy 152
9.2 Development of the THz Laser Spectrometer 153
9.3 Typical THz Spectrum of Pharmaceuticals 157
9.4 Vibrational Mode Assignments in the Terahertz
Frequency Region 158
9.5 Sharp Absorption Spectra of Middle Molecular
Weight Pharmaceuticals in the Terahertz
Frequency Region 160
9.6 Detection of Trace Amounts of Impurities in
Pharmaceuticals with High-Accuracy Terahertz
Spectroscopy 163
10 . 9M.7ic roCwoanvcel uImsioang ing for Breast Cancer Screening 116751
Takamaro Kikkawa, Hang Song, Koji Arihiro, and Shinsuke Sasada
10.1 Introduction 172
10.2 Histopathological and Dielectric Characteristics
of Breast Cancer 172
10.2.1 Histopathology of Breast Cancer 172
10.2.2 Dielectric Models of Breast Cancer 175
10.2.3 Dielectric Measurement of Breast Cancer 176
