Biomedical Diagnostic Science and Technology

440 Pages·2002·4.4 MB·English

by  Wai Tak Law

Biomedical
Diagnostic
Science
and
Technology
edited by
Wai Tak Law
PortaScience, Inc.
Moorestown, New Jersey, U.S.A.
Naim Akmal
The Dow Chemical Company
South Charleston, West Virginia, U.S.A.
Arthur M. Usmani
Altec USA
Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A.
Marcel Dekker, Inc. New York Basel
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Preface
Withoutmedicaldiagnosticreagents,thepracticeofmedicinewouldbedifficult
if not impossible. Medical reagents play an important role in maintaining and
improving our wellness. Research in this area will continue unabated, and use
ofthesereagentswilleverincrease.Thegenechipwillrevolutionizeourability
to fight diseases as no method before. The recent development of newer con-
cepts and rapid advances in medical diagnostic reagents encouraged us to bring
together the information in this volume.
The book reviews work at the cutting edge in diagnostics, immunodiag-
nostics,andbiosensors.Noninvasivemethods,newsignalsforanalytedetection,
newer diagnosticpolymers and coatings,and enzyme stabilizationand immobi-
lization methods are comprehensively discussed. Gene chip, or biochip, and
related technologies are also discussed.
This book is organized intofive sections: electrochemical biosensing sys-
tems;opticalbiosensingsystems;newerdetectionsystems;diabetesandcholes-
terol: systems and management; and polymeric materials, immobilization, and
biocompatibility.
Although we will see more advances in medical diagnostics and biosen-
sors in the future, we believe this comprehensive and authoritative treatise will
continue to serve the intended users for many years.
Chemists (bioorganic, physical, polymer), biochemists, engineers (bio-
medical,chemical,coatings),biotechnologists,andphysicians(researchanden-
docrinologists) will find this book useful, as will graduate students working in
diagnosticsandbiosensors.Itwillserveasatextbookforschoolsofferinggrad-
uate courses in biosensors.
iii
iv Preface
With the help of leading scientists, we are most pleased to bring this
authoritative book to the readership.
Wai Tak Law
Naim Akmal
Arthur M. Usmani
Contents
Preface iii
Contributors ix
Electrochemical Biosensing Systems
1. Electrochemical Biosensors 1
Charles A. Wijayawardhana and William R. Heineman
2. Improved-Accuracy Biosensor Strip for Accu-ChekTM Advantage 29
David W. Burke and Nigel A. Surridge
3. Redox Monomers and Polymers for Biosensors 63
Naim Akmal and Arthur M. Usmani
4. Amperometric Microcells for Diagnostic Enzyme Activity
Measurements 81
Robert E. Gyurcsa´nyi, Ge´za Nagy, Livia Nagy, Alessandra Cristalli,
Michael R. Neuman, Erno¨ Lindner, Richard P. Buck, H. Troy Nagle,
and Stefan Ufer
5. Flow-Through Immunoassay System for Rapid Clinical
Diagnostics 93
Ihab Abdel-Hamid, Plamen Atanasov, Dmitri Ivnitski,
and Ebtisam Wilkins
v
vi Contents
Optical Biosensing Systems
6. Optical Sensor Arrays for Medical Diagnostics 121
Keith J. Albert, Caroline L. Schauer, and David R. Walt
7. Optochemical Nanosensors for Noninvasive Cellular Analysis 139
Susan L. R. Barker, Heather A. Clark, and Raoul Kopelman
8. Ultrasensitive and Specific Optical Biosensors Inspired by Nature 165
Xuedong Song and Basil I. Swanson
9. Evanescent-Wave Biosensors 187
Brent A. Burdick
10. Glow-Discharge-Treated Quartz Crystal Microbalance
as Immunosensor 203
Selma Mutlu, M. Hadi Zareie, Erhan Pis¸kin, and Mehmet Mutlu
11. Diagnostic Polymer Reagents Carrying DNA 215
Mizuo Maeda, Takeshi Mori, Daisuke Umeno,
and Yoshiki Katayama
12. Electrochemical Gene Sensors 227
Toshihiro Ihara, Masamichi Nakayama, Koji Nakano,
and Mizuo Maeda
13. Sensing of Second Messengers Using Oligopeptides 243
Yoshiki Katayama, Yuya Ohuchi, Mizuo Maeda,
Hideyoshi Higashi, and Yoshihisa Kudo
14. Recombinant Photoproteins in the Design of Binding Assays 259
Jennifer C. Lewis, Agatha J. Feltus, and Sylvia Daunert
Newer Detection Systems
15. Particle Valency Strip Assays 271
Judith Fitzpatrick, Michael Munzar, and Regina B. Lenda
16. “Smart” Materials for Colorimetric Detection of Pathogenic Agents 291
Quan Cheng and Raymond C. Stevens
17. Reagentless Diagnostics: Near-IR Raman Spectroscopy 307
Irving Itzkan, Tae-Woong Koo, Michael S. Feld,
Andrew J. Berger, and Gary L. Horowitz
Contents vii
Diabetes and Cholesterol: Systems and Management
18. Noninstrumented Quantitative Devices Using Detection Film Built
on Woven Fabric 323
Wai Tak Law
19. A Survey of Structural and Nonreactive Components Used in the
Research, Development, and Manufacture of Solid-Phase Medical
Diagnostic Reagents 331
Myron C. Rapkin
20. Current Status and Future Prospects of Dry Chemistries
and Diagnostic Reagents 343
Richard Kordal, Naim Akmal, and Arthur M. Usmani
Polymeric Materials, Immobilization, and Biocompatibility
21. Water-Soluble Phospholipid Polymers as a Novel Synthetic
Blocking Reagent in an Immunoassay System 353
Shujirou Sakaki, Yasuhiko Iwasaki, Nobuo Nakabayashi,
and Kazuhiko Ishihara
22. Biocompatible Phospholipid Polymers for Prevention of
Unfavorable Bioreactions on the Surface of Medical Devices 367
Kazuhiko Ishihara, Yasuhiko Iwasaki, Nobuo Nakabayashi,
Michiharu Sakakida, and Motoaki Shichiri
23. Site-Directed Immobilization of Proteins on Surfaces:
Genetic Approaches 381
Jianquan Wang, Dibakar Bhattacharyya, and Leonidas G. Bachas
24. Polymeric Microspheres and Related Materials for Medical
Diagnostics 393
Stanislaw Slomkowski, Beata Miksa, Dorota Kowalczyk,
Teresa Basinska, Mohamed M. Chehimi, and Michel Delamar
Index 413

Contributors
IhabAbdel-Hamid,Ph.D. SeniorResearchEngineer,MesoSystemsTechnol-
ogy, Inc., Albuquerque, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Naim Akmal, Ph.D. Analytical Specialist, Research and Development, The
Dow Chemical Company, South Charleston, West Virginia, U.S.A.
Keith J. Albert, Ph.D. Research Assistant, Department of Chemistry, Tufts
University, Medford, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Plamen Atanasov, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Department of Chemical and
Nuclear Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico,
U.S.A.
Leonidas G. Bachas, Ph.D. Professor, Department of Chemistry, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, U.S.A.
Susan L. R. Barker, Ph.D. Senior Scientist, Systems Division, Veridian,
Charlottesville, Virginia, U.S.A.
TeresaBasinka,Ph.D. DepartmentofPolymerChemistry,CenterofMolecu-
lar and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodz, Poland
Andrew J. Berger, Ph.D. Assistant Professor, Institute of Optics, University
of Rochester, Rochester, New York, U.S.A.
ix