Table Of ContentPrasun Kumar · Sandip Kumar Dash ·
Subhasree Ray ·
Shahila Parween Editors
Biomaterials-Based
Sensors
Recent Advances and Applications
Biomaterials-Based Sensors
Prasun Kumar (cid:129) Sandip Kumar Dash (cid:129)
Subhasree Ray (cid:129) Shahila Parween
Editors
Biomaterials-Based
Sensors
Recent Advances and Applications
Editors
PrasunKumar SandipKumarDash
DepartmentofChemicalEngineering DepartmentofZoology
ChungbukNationalUniversity BerhampurUniversity
Cheongju,RepublicofKorea Odisha,India
SubhasreeRay ShahilaParween
DepartmentofLifeSciences MNRFoundationforResearch&Innovations
SBSR,ShardaUniversity MNRMedicalCollege&Hospital,Sangareddy
GreaterNoida,India Telangana,India
ISBN978-981-19-8500-3 ISBN978-981-19-8501-0 (eBook)
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Foreword
Rapid medical techniques and diagnostics advancements have led to customized
solutionsforanygivenmedicalcondition.Variouspolymersarebeingdesignedand
developed based on their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and other properties to
suffice the growing needs. For diagnostic purposes, a simple-to-use kit has always
attractedattentionfrommedicalaswellascommercialpurposes.ThespreadofCovid-
19infectionhasshownustheutilityofrapidviraldetectionkitsincontainingtheviral
spread in the community. Consequently, the extensive use of such kits also poses a
threattotheenvironment.Therefore,itisimperativetousebiomaterial-basedsensors
not onlyfor medical diagnostics but inother areas aswell. Inthe pastdecade, there
have been a lot of efforts to use cellulose, polyhydroxyalkanoates, chitin, and other
functionalized polymers for biosensor applications. The rising ecological concerns
have enticed alternative polymers to be used in diagnostics. Yet, there are very few
referencebookscoveringthisaspect.Ihavegreatpleasureinpresentingthisbookto
the readers, who I am confident would find it a very valuable and unique source of
information. This book has many innovative features that I believe are noteworthy.
Dedicatedchapterson“Self-assemblyandFabricationofBiomaterials,”“Nanohybrid
Materials,”and“ElectrochemicalSensorsinAgricultureandVeterinaryApplications”
areappreciable.Typically,suchcontentisscarceinotherfoundationaltexts,anditis
veryhelpfultohavethistypeofreviewinthisbookasitsetsthestageandestablishes
thecontext.Withtheirvastexperienceandexpertise,theeditorsofthebookareamong
theleadingresearchersintheareaofbiosensors,whoIwouldsayareamongthebest
todothisjob.Alltheeditorshavebeenselectiveinbringingoutthisbookasaunique
compilationofthemesorientedtowardsapplicationsofbiomaterialsassensors.This
book comprehensively addresses the challenges and opportunities in the area of
biosensors. I believe the content of this book has addressed recent advancements in
this area with relevant illustrations/figures. I wholeheartedly endorsed this unique
work by esteemed scholars and compiled by an experienced editorial team. This
book will be equally beneficial for researchers, students, academicians, and
professionals working in the area of biosensors. I compliment the editors and the
authorsofthevariouschaptersfortheirvaluablecontributions.
CSIR-InstituteofGenomicsandIntegrativeBiology AshokKumar
Delhi,India
vviiii
Preface
Biomaterialsaresubstancesofbiologicaloriginthatcanbeengineeredtoactalone
orinassociationwithotherbiologicalmoleculesforversatileapplications,including
clinicaldiagnosis,screening,andtherapy.Miniaturizationofdevicesandtoolsisone
of the prime focuses of researchers nowadays through the use of nanoparticles,
quantum dots, alloys, nanosheets, multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and graphene.
Thesematerialsarefurtherbiofunctionalizedthroughsurfaceengineeringtoenhance
antimicrobial, antifungal, and anti-cancer properties. The high surface area-to-vol-
ume ratio of these materials enables their fabrication onto different transducers to
develop biochips and biosensors for multi-dimensional applications. The last
decades have seen unprecedented activities in developing biosensors and other
miniaturizedanalyticaldevicesfordetecting,quantifying,andmonitoringnumerous
chemical and biological compounds. Considerable efforts were made toward the
development of simple, quick, economical, sensitive, and specific diagnostic and
screening devices to replace conventional methods. A biosensor generally consists
of at least two functional components: a molecular recognition element (receptor)
that selectively interacts with its target analyte (e.g., ions, DNA, antibodies, cells,
and microorganisms) and a physicochemical transducer. The latter converts the
bio-recognition information into a measurable quantity, being an electrochemical,
electrical, optical, magnetic, mass-sensitive, or thermal signal. Since biological
analytesareoften hardtodetect purelybased ontheirintrinsicphysicalproperties,
biosensors often require labels such as enzymes and fluorescent or radioactive
molecules attached to the targeted analyte. As a result, the final sensor signal
corresponds to the number of labels representing the number of bound target
molecules. The biomaterials conjugated to DNAs, proteins, and biopolymers to be
used for drug delivery, pathogen detection, and pollution mentoring from different
environmental samples. Biomaterials-based sensors can also be a magnificent tool
for detecting different chemicals, explosives, and harmful gases as a precautionary
measure for defense and safety issues. This book, Biomaterials-Based Sensors:
Principles, Design, and Applications, has been written by experts in this area.
Readers of this book will learn about various biomaterials and their potential in
sensingapplications.Theideaofputtingbiomaterialsassensorsintoasinglebook
comesfromtheconcernovernon-degradableorexpensingbasematerials.Thereare
a lot of non-biodegradable wastes being generated every year, and with the
ix
x Preface
increasing demand for sensors in various fields, biomaterial-based sensors would
provide eco-friendly support. This aspect is rarely addressed in any sensor book.
Here,wetriedtokeeptopicsthatcoverthebasicprinciplesanddesignofbio-based
sensorsfollowedbytopicspertainingtouniqueapplications.Chaptersinthisbook
cover the basics of biosensors, various methods used to synthesize different
biomaterials, characterization, and their functionalization. The attempts made to
fabricate these functionalized materials onto different transducers as biochips and
biosensorsfordiagnosisandscreeningofdiseasesanddrugdeliveryagainstvarious
diseaseswillbecoveredinthebook.Thepotentialapplicationofthesebiomaterials-
basedsensorsinthefieldofagriculture,veterinary,andbiomedicalsciencesarealso
discussed in this book. This book attempts to provide knowledge on the past,
present, and future perspectives of biomaterials-based sensors in diversified areas
tocoveralargegroupofreadersandresearchersinterestedinthisfield.Finally,we
would like to acknowledge the support from the contributing authors and
suggestions received from the editorial office at Springer, Emmy Lee, and Ejaz
Ahmad.Noneofthiswouldhavebeenpossiblewithoutthecontributionsofallthe
authors,coworkers,andcollaboratorswhoacceptedourinvitation.
Cheongju,RepublicofKorea PrasunKumar
Odisha,India SandipKumarDash
GreaterNoida,India SubhasreeRay
Telangana,India ShahilaParween
Contents
PartI Introduction
BiomaterialsandBiopolymersfortheDevelopmentofBiosensors. . . . . 3
M.LuzScala-Benuzzi,SofíaV.PiguillemPalacios,
EduardoAndrésTakara,andMartínA.Fernández-Baldo
PartII DevelopmentofNanomaterialsandBiocomposites
asSensors
NanobiohybridMaterialsforDevelopmentofBiosensors. . . . . . . . . . . . 27
JinhoYoon,HyeKyuChoi,MinkyuShin,JoungpyoLim,
andJeong-WooChoi
Biosynthesis,Biofunctionalization,andBioapplications
ofManganeseNanomaterials:AnOverview. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
BanditaPanda,ArchitaLenka,PrasannaKumarDixit,
andSandipKumarDash
TransducersinBiosensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
SandeepYadav,AshokSaini,RoomaDevi,andSumanLata
Self-AssemblyandFabricationofBiomaterialsontoTransducers
andTheirCharacterization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
LingyanPang,XiaoJia,JiaojiaoGao,andHuiLiu
BiocatalyticSensors:Potentials,MaximsandMechanisms
forOptimalPerformance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177
SamuelEshorameSanni,EmmanuelRotimiSadiku,
EmekaEmmanuelOkoro,BabalolaAisosaOni,
andAmandaOnyinyeNdubuisi
PartIII PotentialRoleandApplicationsofBio-basedSensors
Polyhydroxyalkanoate-BasedSensorsandTheirApplications. . . . . . . . 223
SubhasreeRay,ArchanaKumari,MadanSonkar,andPrasunKumar
xxii
xii Contents
AnOverviewofImmunosensorsandTheirApplication. . . . . . . . . . . . . 245
AnilKumarGupta,SambhaviAnimesh,andAmitSingh
LiveCellsasBiosensors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291
SaritaDevi
PartIV Biomaterials-BasedSensorsforAgricultural
andBiomedicalApplications
MagneticNanoparticles-BasedNovelSensorsforSelect
Biomedical/BiologicalScienceApplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
B.C.Behera,S.N.Sarangi,N.K.Sahoo,S.P.Dash,andS.K.Tripathy
ElectrochemicalBiosensorsinAgriculturalandVeterinary
Applications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349
MatheusJ.F.Bazzana,LetíciaC.Assis,RobertaC.Martins,
AdelirA.Saczk,FabianaS.Felix,andLúcioAngnes
TheApplicationsofBiosensorsandBiochipsforPrognosis
andDiagnosisofDiseases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 387
RaviKumarChaudhary,VivekGupta,ShivaniKalhan,RakeshGupta,
Siddhartha,MdKausarNeyaz,andJyotsnaSharma
