Table Of ContentBiomaterials and Immune
Response
Complications, Mechanisms and
Immunomodulation
Devices, Circuits, and Systems
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Biomaterials and Immune Response: Complications, Mechanisms
and Immunomodulation
Nihal Engin Vrana
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Biomaterials and Immune
Response
Complications, Mechanisms and
Immunomodulation
Edited by
Nihal Engin Vrana
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: Vrana, Nihal Engin, author.
Title: Biomaterials and immune response : complications, mechanisms and
immunomodulation / Nihal Engin Vrana.
Other titles: Devices, circuits, and systems.
Description: Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018. | Series: Devices,
circuits, and systems | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018006719 | ISBN 9781138506374 (hardback : alk. paper)
Subjects: | MESH: Biocompatible Materials | Immunologic Factors | Immunity,
Cellular | Prostheses and Implants | Immunomodulation
Classification: LCC QR185.35 | NLM QT 37 | DDC 616.07/9--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018006719
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Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................ix
Editor ........................................................................................................................xi
Contributors ...........................................................................................................xiii
Chapter 1 Editorial: Introduction to Immune Response and Biomaterials...........1
Nihal Engin Vrana
Chapter 2 Immune Response to Nanoparticles ...................................................17
Özge Erdemli and Ayşen Tezcaner
Chapter 3 The Effects of Biomaterials with Micro/Nanotopographies
on Immune Cells In Vitro and In Vivo ...............................................43
Hayriye Özçelik
Chapter 4 The Overview of Titanium and Its Crystalline Phases:
The Impact in Biomedical Applications ............................................71
Miklós Weszl, Liza Pelyhe, Eszter Bognár and Imre Kientzl
Chapter 5 Bacterial Attachment and Biofilm Formation on Biomaterials:
The Case of Dental and Orthopaedic Implants ..................................87
Lia Rimondini and Michael Gasik
Chapter 6 Biomaterial Surface Properties: Implications in Immune Response ....121
Tuğba Endoğan Tanır, Güneş Esendağlı and Eda Ayşe Aksoy
Chapter 7 Hyaluronic Acid as a Biomaterial and Its Role in the Immune
System ..............................................................................................141
Barbora Safrankova, Kristina Nesporova and Ivana Scigalkova
Chapter 8 Osteoimmunomodulation with Biomaterials ...................................161
Bengü Aktaş, Bora Garipcan, Zehra Betül Ahi,
Kadriye Tuzlakoğlu, Emre Ergene and Pınar Yılgör Huri
v
vi Contents
Chapter 9 Macrophage-Based Immunomodulation for Biomaterial
Applications ......................................................................................191
Helena Knopf-Marques, Lilian Paiva, Flavie Prévot
and Julien Barthès
Chapter 10 Biomaterials and Immune Response in Periodontics .......................211
Sivaraman Prakasam, Praveen Gajendrareddy, Christopher Louie,
Clarence Lee and Luiz E. Bertassoni
Index ......................................................................................................................237
Preface
The advances in supramolecular chemistry, additive manufacturing and synthetic
biology and related fields have been expanding the potential use of biomaterials in
applications that were not even imaginable a short time ago. The transfer of 3D
printing technologies for the development of artificial organs and tissues by use of
cells together with biomaterial-based bioinks provide a new level of accuracy and
complexity for regenerative medicine applications. The techniques developed for tis-
sue engineering applications have been spilling over to the field of “soft robotics”,
and cell-laden biomaterial-based hydrogel use in biorobotics is an active field of
research with exciting applications both in the biomedical field and beyond. Micro/
nanoscale implantable devices, theranostic systems and biodegradable electronics
benefit from the constant innovation and availability of new biomaterials. With this
increase in demand, metabiomaterials of different properties will surely follow to
meet the demands and needs of future engineers. However, this increasing level of
complexity comes with a cost: an increasing level of complications.
Beyond mechanical or technical complications and being a potential haven for
infection, the biggest roadblock for advanced implantable biomaterial-based struc-
tures is the immune system. The mammalian immune system is perplexing in its
efficacy, ingenuity and level of safety in redundancy, but it is also staggering in its
complexity and “no mercy” approach to its task – sometimes to the detriment of the
body it is trying to protect. Allergies, chronic inflammation, granuloma formation,
full-scale foreign body response or complete rejection; there are many potential bad
endings for implantable biomaterials. The only way to avoid such adverse reactions
is to develop a more comprehensive understanding of the immune system, its com-
ponents, and its interactions with the potential insults in the context of biomate-
rials. In this book, we aim to provide undergraduate- and graduate-level students
and researchers in the biomaterials field with a starting point for understanding the
context-driven responses of the immune system by dedicated chapters to material
properties, specific biomaterials, defined applications and clinical situations. We
hope that the book will provide an overall appreciation of the role of the immune
system in biomaterial applications and can demonstrate the need for the incorpora-
tion of immunomodulatory components in devices for better clinical outcomes.
Being implanted to a host body is a bit like starting a new job in a hostile envi-
ronment. There are lots of office politics, history, mindset and interpersonal rela-
tions issues to learn to be able to tread lightly and undamaged. The immune system
of the mammalian host is the “watchman” and the office bully in this context and
we should send biomaterials that are able to deal with it, or at least those that can
appease the immune system. One of the keys of an even bigger expansion of bioma-
terial use lies in this challenge. Also, in the context of auto-immune diseases, there
is the standing question of “Who watches the watchmen?”, which might also find its
answer in advanced immunomodulation.
vii
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Acknowledgements
I dedicate this book to Dr. Yurong Liu, a great scientist who has left us at an early
age. Yurong taught me how to really listen to people (which is a difficult but very
important lesson). I will carry his memory with me for the rest of my career. I thank
my family, my team in Protip Medical and also my colleagues in INSERM UMR
1121 for their support.
This work received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework
programme for Research, Technological Development and Demonstration under
grant agreement No. 602694 (IMMODGEL) and 606624 (NanoTi). This project has
received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under grant agreement No. 760921 (PANBioRA).
ix
