Biomass for energy, industry and environment: 6th EC conference; [proceedings of the International Conference on Biomass for Energy, Industry and Environment held in Athens, Greece, 22 - 26 April 1991]

1535 Pages·1990·12.96 MB·English

by  G. Grassi

BIOMASS FOR ENERGY,
INDUSTRY AND ENVIRONMENT
6th E.C. Conference
Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomass for Energy, Industry and
Environment held in Athens, Greece, 22–26 April 1991
BIOMASS FOR ENERGY,
INDUSTRY AND
ENVIRONMENT
6th E.C. Conference
Edited by
G.GRASSI
Commission of the European Communities, Brussels,
Belgium
A.COLLINA
Novamont, Milan, Italy
H.ZIBETTA
Commission of the European Communities, Brussels,
Belgium

ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE
LONDON and NEW YORK
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IG11
8JU, England
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2006.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of
thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.”
Sole Distributor in the USA and Canada
ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO., INC. 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY
10010, USA
WITH 376 TABLES AND 466 ILLUSTRATIONS
© 1992 ECSC, EEC, EAEC, BRUSSELS AND LUXEMBOURG
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Biomass for energy, industry and environment. I. Grassi, G., 1929– II. Collina, A. III. Zibetta, H.
662.6
ISBN 0-203-21601-6 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-29314-2 (Adobe e-Reader Format)
ISBN 1-85166-730-X (Print Edition)
Library of Congress CIP data applied for
Publication arrangements by Commission of the European Communities, Directorate-General
Telecommunications, Information Industries and Innovation, Scientific and Technical
Communication Unit, Luxembourg
EUR 14012 EN
LEGAL NOTICE
Neither the Commission of the European Communities nor any person acting on behalf of the
Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of the following information.
No responsibility is assumed by the Publisher for any injury and/or damage to persons or property
as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any
methods, products, instructions or ideas contained in the material herein.
Special regulations for readers in the USA
This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearance Center Inc. (CCC), Salem,
Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which
photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions,
including photocopying outside the USA, should be referred to the publisher.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or
transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.
PREFACE
The sixth European Conference on Biomass for Energy, Industry and Environment was
held in Athens by kind invitation of the Greek authorities and with the collaboration of
Unesco, the Center of Renewable Energy Sources and of the Fertec-Novamont.
This Biomass conference was held in April’ 91, just after a period of high international
tension consecutive to the Gulf crisis. These events stressed the fact that conventional
energy sources are more and more concentrated in restricted regions of the world with
high geo-political unstability.
In this context, the world biomass potential appears as a significant alternative for
energy and industry, with an important contribution to a global environmental
improvement (greenhouse effect, acid rains, forest fires control…) and to the P.A.C.
Some 400 participants from all over the world attended the conference with, for the
first time, the participation of researchers and experts from Eastern Europe.
The conference was organised on the basis of oral sessions, round-tables and poster
exhibitions representing the different stages of production, conversion and utilisation of
biomass including the socio-economic and environmental aspects of this resource.
As this conference occurred two years after the starting of the R&D programme of the
Commission in this field, many results were presented demonstrating a high level of
scientific and technical contribution.
Consequently, this book represents a wide synthesis of the most recent biomass R&D
progress throughout Europe and in the world, offering to industrialists, researchers and
decision makers, a supplementary instrument to furthermore support the development of
innovative, modern technologies and concepts.
Finally, on behalf of the organisation and scientific committee, we would like to thank
all our Greek hosts and all those who contributed to the success of this conference.
The Editors

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE
General Chairman
Prof. A.Collina, Novamont, Italy
Conference Director
Dr. G.Grassi, CEC/DG XII, Belgium
Conference Secretariat
Dr. H.Zibetta, CEC/DG XII, Belgium
Dr. G.Mondelli, Fertec, Italy
International Organization, Administration
Miss. P.Benvenuti, Granducato Viaggi, Italy
Miss. A.Grassi, Granducato Viaggi, Italy
Local Organization
Prof. S.Kyritsis, C.R.E.S., Greece
Posters
Dr. P.Moncada, CEC/DG XII, Belgium
Steering Committee
Dr. W.Palz, CEC/DG XII, Belgium
Dr. C.Corvi, ENEL, Italy
Dr. G.Grassi, CEC/DG XII, Belgium
Dr. G.Gosse, INRA, France
Dr. G.Mondelli, Fertec, Italy
Prof. S.Kyritsis, C.R.E.S., Greece
SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE
Albagnac G., INRA, France
Alfani F., Università dell’Aquila, Italy
Baldauf W., VEBA, Germany
Baldelli C., AEBIOM, Italy
Baldini S., Istituto per la Ricerca sul Legno, Italy
Barba D., Università dell’Aquila, Italy
Becker J.J., CEMAGREF, France
Beenackers A.A.C.M., Gröningen University, Netherlands
De Bertoldi M., Università di Udine, Italy
Bozzini A., FAO, Italy
Bridgwater A., Aston University, UK
Bull S.R., SERI, USA
Caserta G., ENEA-FARE/CCM, Italy
Chartier P., AFME, France
Carrasco J., Ciemat, Spain
Cernia E., C.T.S., Italy
Cuevas A., Union Electrica Fenosa, Spain
Coombs J., CPL Scientific, UK
Costello R., D.O.E., USA
Descotes G., Universitè Claude-Bernard, France
Dolenko A.J., Ministry of Energy and Mines, Canada
Delmon B., Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
De Wit A.P.W., Wageningen, Netherlands
Di Carpegna R., CEC DG XI, Belgium
Dos Santos F.G., Adjunto do Segretario de Estado da
Energia, Portugal
Elliot P., Shell, UK
Fernandez J., ETSIA, Spain
Ferrero G., CEC DG XVII, Belgium
Giaccalone F., ENEL, Italy
Gelus M., Université de Compiègne, France
Goma G., INSA, France
Gosse G., INRA, France
Grassi G., CEC DG XII, Belgium
Hall D., King’s College University, UK
Hohmeyer O., Frauhofer Inst., Germany
Juste C., INRA, FRANCE
Kyritsis S., Centre for Renewable Energy Sources, Greece
Karlivan V.P., Institute of Wood Chemistry, USSR
Lacaze F., INRA, France
Lachenal D., Centre Techn. Industr. Papier, France
La Rovere E., FINEP, Brazil
La Cerignola C., CIMEAM, Italy
Leydon K., CEC DG XVII, Belgium
Marini L., Fertec, Italy
Medina E., Union Electrica Fenosa, Spain
Mendis M.S., World Bank, Washington USA
Mitchell C.P., University of Aberdeen, UK
Molle J.F., A.F.B., France
Moncada P., CEC DG XII, Belgium
Mondelli G, Fertec, Italy
Morbidelli M., Università di Cagliari, Italy
Nyns E.J., Université Catholique de Louvain, Belgium
Palz W., CEC DG XII, Belgium
Parmon V.N., USSR Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, USSR
Patt R., Universität Hamburg Germany
Pasquon I., Politecnico, Italy
Pereira H., Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Portugal
Pike D.C., Green Land Reclamation, UK
Pourquie J., I.F.P., France
Rexen F., CEC DG XII, Belgium
Romoli A., Comité Economique et Social, Belgium
Russo G., Università di Napoli, Italy
Sourie J.C., INRA, France
Ständer W., Polytechnisches Institut, Germany
Strehler A., Technische Universität München, Germany
Teissier du Cros E., INRA, France
Takahashi P., University of Hawaii, USA
Trebbi G., Enel, Italy
Trossero M., FAO, Italy
Valette F., CNRS, France
Van Swaaij W.P.M., COPE, Netherlands
Von Wuellerstorff B., CEC DG XII, Belgium
Weissmann A., CEC DG XII expert, Belgium
Zibetta H., CEC DG XII, Belgium
Zucconi F., Università di Ancona, Italy
HONORARY COMMITTEE
Konstantinos Mitsotakis, Prime-Minister of Greece President of the Honorary Committee
Stavros Dimas, Minister of Industry, Energy and Technology
Vasilis Kontogiannopoulos, Minister of Education
Michalis Papakonstantinou, Minister of Agriculture
George Papoulias, Alt. Minister of Foreign Affairs
Konstantinos Maniatopoulos, CEC General Director for Energy, DG XVII
George Apostolakis, General Secretary for Energy
P.Theoharis, General Secretary for Science and Technology
Nilolaos Psylakis, General Secretary for Agriculture
Antonis Tritsis, Mayor of Athens
Evangelos Voloudakis, President of PPC
Themistoclis Xanthopoulos, General Director of PPC
Stelios Argyros, President of SEV
Alecos Poulovasilis, Rector of Agricultural University of Athens
Dimitris Lalas, President of CRES
NATIONAL COMMITTEE
Psylakis Nilolaos, General Secretary in the Ministry for Agriculture. President of the
National Committee
Argyropoulos loannis, Etva, Athens
Avgerinos loannis, Wood Industry «Epas», Athens
Ballis Kostas, Agricultural University, Athens
Christou Myrsini, Cres, Athens
Dalianis Kostas, Agricultural University, Athens
Dessylas Dionyssis, CEC DG VI, Brussels
Ferferis Thomas, Thermokipeftiki, Thessaloniki
Filipou loannis, Aristotelion University, Thessaloniki
Georgakakis Dimitris, Agricultural University, Athens
Karavagelis Christos, Forest Department, Evrytania
Koukios Emmanouil, Technical University, Athens
Koutmani Maria, Waste Management, Athens
Kyritsis Spyros, Cres, Athens
Makris Vasilis, Technical University, Athens
Maniatis Kyriakos, CEC DG XVII Expert, Brussels
Mavromatis George, Institute of Forestal Research, Athens
Panetsos Kostas, Aristotelion Universtity, Thessaloniki

Opening Session: view of the board.