Biomanipulation Tool for Water Management: Proceedings of an International Conference held in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 8–11 August, 1989

612 Pages·1990·20.502 MB·English

by  Moshe Gophen (auth.), Ramesh D. Gulati, Eddy H. R. R. Lammens, Marie-Louise Meijer, Ellen van Donk (eds.)

Biomanipulation
Tool for Water Management
Developments in Hydrobiology 61
Series editor
H. J. Dumont
Biomanipulation
Tool for Water Management
Proceedings of an International Conference held in Amsterdam,
The Netherlands, 8-11 August, 1989
Edited by
R. D. Gulati, E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk
Reprinted from Hydrobiologia, vols 200/201 (1990)
Springer-Science+Susiness Media, SV.
Library of Congress Cataloglng-In-Publlcatlon Data
Biomanipulation tool for water management: proceedings of an
international conference held in Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
8-11 August, 1989 / edited by R.D. Gulati ... [et alo].
p. cm. -- (Developments in hydrobiology; 61)
ISBN 978-90-481-4074-9 ISBN 978-94-017-0924-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-0924-8
1. Algae--Biological control--Congresses. 2. Food chains
(ECology)--congresses. 1. Gulati, R. D. II. Series.
Td475.B57 1990
628.1'12--dc20 90-41496
ISBN 978-90-481-4074-9
Printed on acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 1990 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1990
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1990
No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including photocopy
ing, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written
permission from the copyright owner.
v
Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . IX
PART ONE: BIOMANIPULATION: PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE
Biomanipulation: retrospective and future development
by M. Gophen .............................................................. .
Biomanipulation: the next phase - making it stable
by 1. Shapiro. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
PART TWO: ZOOPLANKTON-PHYTOPLANKTON INTERACTIONS
Are blue-green algae a suitable food for zooplankton? An overview
by R. de Bernardi & G. Giussani ............................................... 29
Effectiveness of phytoplankton control by large-bodied and small-bodied zooplankton
by P. Dawidowicz ............................................................ 43
Analysis of phytoplankton-zooplankton relationships in an oligotrophic lake under natural and
manipulated conditions
by P. Carrillo, L. Cruz-Pizarro & P. Sanchez-Castillo .............................. 49
Biomanipulation by introduction of herbivorous zooplankton. A helpful shock for eutrophic lakes?
by 1. Theiss, K. Zielinski & H. Lang ............................................ 59
The zooplankton-phytoplankton interface in lakes of contrasting trophic status: an experimental
companson
by 1.1. Elser, H. 1. Carney & C. R. Goldman ..................................... 69
Why do cladocerans fail to control algal blooms?
by Z. M. Gilwicz ............................................................. 83
Structural and grazing responses ofz ooplankton community to biomanipulation of some Dutch water
bodies
by R. D. Gulati .............................................................. , 99
PART THREE: ENCLOSURE STUDIES
Biomanipulation and food-web dynamics - the importance of seasonal stability
by B. A. Faafeng, D. O. Hessen, A. Brabrand & 1. P. Nilssen ....................... 119
Impact of whitefish on an enclosure ecosystem in a shallow eutrophic lake: selective feeding offish
and predation effects on the zooplankton communities
by T. Hanazato, T. Iwakuma & H. Hayashi ...................................... 129
Impact of whitefish on an enclosure ecosystem in a shallow eutrophic lake: changes in nutrient
concentrations, phytoplankton and zoobenthos
by T. Iwakuma, H. Hayashi, I. Yasuda, T. Hanazato & K. Takada .................. 141
A fading recovery: the role of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) in maintaining high phytoplankton
productivity and biomass in Lake Vesijarvi, southern Finland
by 1. Horppila & T. Kairesalo .................................................. 153
VI
Bottom-up effects of bream (Abramis brama L.) in Lake Balaton
by I. Tatrai, L. G. T6th, L. Ponyi, J. Zlinskzky & V. Istv':movics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 167
Applicability of planktonic biomanipulation: for managing eutrophication in the subtropics
by T. L. Crisman & J. R. Beaver. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 177
PART FOUR: WHOLE LAKE STUDIES
Conditions for effective biomanipulation; conclusions derived from whole-lake experiments in
Europe
by J. Benndorf ............................................................... 187
Fish manipulation as a lake restoration tool in shallow, eutrophic temperate lakes 1: cross-analysis
of three Danish case-studies
by E. Jeppesen, M. S0ndergaard, E. Mortensen, P. Kristensen, B. Riemann, H. J. Jensen,
J. P. Muller, O. Sortkja:r, J. P. Jensen, K. Christoffersen, S. Bosselmann & E. Dall ..... 205
Fish manipulation as a lake restoration tool in shallow, eutrophic, temperate lakes 2: threshold
levels, long-term stability and conclusions
by E. Jeppesen, J. P. Jensen, P. Kristensen, M. S0ndergaard, E. Mortensen, O. Sortkja:r &
K. Olrik ..................................................................... 219
Phytoplankton biomass reduction after planktivorous fish reduction in a shallow, eutrophic lake:
a combined effect of reduced internal P-loading and increased zooplankton grazing
by M. S0ndergaard, E. Jeppesen, E. Mortensen, E. Dall, P. Kristensen & O. Sortkja:r .. 229
Ecological consequences of a manual reduction of roach and bream in a eutrophic, temperate lake
by B. Riemann, K. Christoffersen, H. J. Jensen, J. P. Muller, C. Lindegaard & S. Bosselmann 241
Predictability and possible mechanisms of plankton response to reduction of planktivorous fish
by A. Lyche, B. A. Faaleng & A. Brabrand ....................................... 251
Oligotrophication as a result of planktivorous fish removal with rotenone in the small, eutrophic,
Lake Mosvatn, Norway
by S. Sanni & S. B. Wa:rvagen ................................................. 263
Whole-lake food-web manipulation as a means to study community interactions in a small
ecosystem
by E. van Donk, M. P. Grimm, R. D. Gulati & J. P. G. Klein Breteler ... . . . . . . . . . . . .. 275
First attempt to apply whole-lake food-web manipulation on a large scale in The Netherlands
by E. van Donk, M. P. Grimm, R. D. Gulati, P. G. M. Heuts, W. A. de Kloet & E. van Liere 291
Is reduction of the benthivorous fish an important cause of high transparency following biomanipu
lation in shallow lakes?
by M.-L. Meijer, M. W. de Haan, A. W. Breukelaar & H. Buiteveld .................. 303
Early responses of plankton and turbidity to biomanipulation in a shallow prairie lake
by M. A. Hanson & M. G. Butler ............................................... 317
Effects of planktivorous fish mass mortality on the plankton community of Lake Mendota,
Wisconsin: implications for biomanipulation
by M. J. Vanni, C. Luecke, J. F. Kitchell & J. J. Magnuson ......................... 329
Effects of planktivore abundance on chlorophyll-a and Secchi depth
by D. J. McQueen, M. R. S. Johannes, N. R. Lafontaine, A. S. Young, E. Longbotham &
D. R. S. Lean ................................................................ 337
Factors related to variance of residuals in chlorophyll-total phosphorus regressions in lakes and
reservoirs of Argentina
by R. Quir6s ................................................................. 343
VB
Three years of experience in biomanipulating a small eutrophic lake: Lago di Candia (Northern
Italy)
by G. Giussani, R. de Bernardi & T. Ruffoni ..................................... 357
PART FIVE: MACROPHYTES
Engineering and biological approaches to the restoration from eutrophication of shallow lakes in
which aquatic plant communities are important components
by B. Moss .................................................................. 367
The potential of artificial refugia for maintaining a community oflarge-bodied cladocera against fish
predation in a shallow eutrophic lake
by K. Irvine, B. Moss & J. Stansfield. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 379
Ecosystem development in different types of littoral enclosures
by J. E. Vermaat, M. J. M. Hootsmans & G. M. van Dijk .......................... 391
Can macrophytes be useful in biomanipulation of lakes? The Lake Zwemlust example
by T. Ozimek, R. D. Gulati & E. van Donk ...................................... 399
Biomanipulation of Lago di Candia (Northern Italy): a three-year experience of aquatic macrophyte
management
by G. Galanti, P. Guilizzoni & V. Libera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 409
Impact of mechanical deweeding on Dal lake ecosystem
D. P. Zutshi & A. Ticku ....................................................... 419
Proposals for macrophyte restoration in eutrophic coastal lagoons
by F. A. Comin, M. Menendez & J. R. Lucena .................................... 427
PART SIX: MACROFAUNA
Zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha): a new perspective for water quality management
by H. H. Reeders & A. Bij de Vaate ............................................. 437
Shoals of Dreissena polymorpha as bio-processor of seston
by R. Wisniewski ............................................................. 451
Evaluation of Chaoborus predation on natural populations of herbivorous zooplankton in a eutrophic
lake
by K. Christoffersen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 459
Hydrophyte-macroinvertebrate interactions in Zwemlust, a lake undergoing biomanipulation
by J. Kornij6w, R. D. Gulati & E. van Donk ..................................... 467
PART SEVEN: MODELS
Multiplicity of stable states in freshwater systems
by M. Scheffer ............................................................... 475
Quantifying the food webs of Lake Bleiswijkse Zoom and Lake Zwemlust
by A. H. Bakema, W. J. Rip, M. W. de Haan & F. J. Los .......................... 487
Production, consumption and prey availability of northern pike (Esox lucius), pikeperch (Stizostedion
lucioperca) and European catfish (Silurus glanis): a bioenergetics approach
by A. J. P. Raat .............................................................. 497
Growth and food consumption of vend ace (Coregonus albula (L.)) in Lake Pyhajarvi, SW Finland.
a bioenergetics modeling analysis
Vlll
by H. Helminen, J. Sarvala & A. Hirvonen ....................................... 511
PART EIGHT: MANAGEMENT
Biomanipulation additional to nutrient control for restoration of shallow lakes in The Netherlands
by S. H. Hosper & E. Jagtman ................................................. 523
Biomanipulation development in Norway
by A. Langeland. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 535
A review: limnological management and biomanipulation in the London reservoirs
by A. Duncan ................................................................ 541
The potential for biomanipulation using fry communities in a lowland reservoir: concordance
between water quality and optimal recruitment
by M. Zalewski, B. Brewinska-Zaras, P. Frankiewicz & S. Kalinowski ............... 549
The restoration of shallow eutrophic lakes, and the role of northern pike, aquatic vegetation and
nutrient concentration
by M. P. Grimm & J.J. G. M. Backx ............................................ 557
Effects of planktivorous fishes on the plankton community in a eutrophic lake
by T. Miura . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 567
Experimental study of the impacts of planktivorous fishes on plankton community and
eutrophication of a tropical Brazilian reservoir
by F. L. R. M. Starling & A. J. A. Rocha. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 581
Some positive and negative effects of stocking whitefish on the ecosystem redevelopment of
Hjarbrek Fjord, Denmark
by K. Rasmussen ............................................................. 593
Zooplankton impacts on chlorophyll and transparency in Onondaga Lake, New York, USA
by M. T. Auer, M. L. Storey, S. W. Effler, N. A. Auer & P. Sze ..................... 603
PART NINE: SYNTHESIS
The first biomanipulation conference: a synthesis
by E. H. R. R. Lammens, R. D. Gulati, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 619
Hydrobiologia 200/201: ix-x, 1990.
R.D. Gulati. E. H. R. R. Lammens. M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds). Biomanipulation - Toolfor Water Management ix
Preface
The Conference on 'Biomanipulation, Tool for Water Management' held in Amsterdam (8-11 August,
1989) was undoubtedly the first international get-together on biomanipulation studies. The aim of the
Conference was to stimulate and enhance discussions among aquatic ecologists engaged in studies on
trophic interactions and those working in the field of water and fish management. The choice of the
Conference venue could not have been more befitting than the city of Amsterdam and that too in the
midst of its legendary Artis Zoo. The 'watery' city with its thousand canals is a constant reminder of
how Man has manipulated (or biomanipulated?) its harsh surroundings and its environment, to make
life more livable, and the Zoo of the need to protect and preserve Mother nature.
About 175 participants, representing 28 countries attended the Conference, nearly 100 coming from
the Nordic countries and The Netherlands, the hosting country. Among the 40 lectures and 35 poster
presentations there were 9 keynote lectures. Most of the pioneers in the field of biomanipulation (Jan
Hrbacek and Joseph Shapiro, to name but two) were present. There was a great variety of topics
presented, exhibited and discussed and opined for future work.
We as editors felt obliged to do the almost impossible task of attempting a synthesis of the Conference
contributions (Lammens et al., 1990). In a nutshell, the studies presented dealt with trophic interactions:
in lakes, enclosures and in laboratory systems. Several of these related to the management aspects,
attempts to model biomanipulation were few and far between. The major bottleneck in the studies
dealing with phytoplankton and zooplankton was apparently the controversy around the edibility, or
otherwise, of cyanobacteria, the so-called blue-green algae, particularly in relation to the size structure
of zooplankton, especially daphnids. Most of the lake experiments for which data were presented
involved 50-100 % reduction of fish, mainly planktivores, or alternatively heavy stocking with piscivores.
The shallow lakes in particular appear to respond dramatically to biomanipulation; the response was
generally manifest as improvement in light climate accompanying increased grazing pressure of
zooplankton, and consequent luxuriant growth of macrophytes. The stabilizing effects of refugia for
zooplankton and fish were stressed, though only a few studies actually attempted this approach and
results were equivocal. The Conference deliberations reaffirmed - rather than resolved - the controversy
around the complexity and nature of top-down effects in relation to trophic state, especially those
concerning the role of fish and zooplankton in the development of phytoplankton succession.
As editors of this Proceedings Volume our task would have been considerably more difficult but for
the excellent cooperation of most of the 63 contributors (to mention the first authors) and about 75
external referees. Thanks are especially due to the referees (we wish we could name some of them, but
the space would not allow us). I am proud to say that seldom did we let the several deadlines beat us.
The credit, however, goes to the referees who were either punctual (needing no reminders) or responded
promptly to the reminders.
Dr S. Parma (Director, Limnological Institute, Nieuwersluis/Oosterzee) and Dr J. de Jong (Director,
Institute oflnland Water Management and Waste Water Treatment, Lelystad) are thankfully acknow
ledged for their initiative in organizing the Conference. The members of the Conference Organizing
Committee chaired by Dr S. Parma, with Ir S. H. Hosper (Institute oflnland Water Management and
Waste Water Treatment, Lelystad) and all three of my fellow editors are also to be thanked for their
very satisfactory organisational work. We thank Mr R. Nagel who designed the Conference folder as
well as the cover pages of the Abstracts and the Proceedings Volume. The Convention Bureau Van
Namen and Westerlaken (Nijmegen) made the task of the Organizing Committee much lighter through
x
their professional and cooperative approach as well as readiness to resolve both big and small, but
sometimes very specific, problems. We are very grateful to Mrs C. C. C. Janssen-Kroon for taking
excellent care of the typing work and the editorial correspondence, as well as the several reminders she
sent to those contributors who were late or 'lazy' in returning their manuscripts on time.
The Conference was financially supported by the Ministry of Transport and Public Works, the
Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment, the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries,
the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Province of Utrecht, the Union of Water
Boards and the Organization for the Improvement of Inland Fisheries.
We hope, with optimism, that this Proceedings Volume will help pave the way for future work as well
as inspire and stimulate many an aquatic ecologist and water manager to choose biomanipulation as
a complementary measure for lake restoration wherever feasible. A similar follow-up Conference in the
near future, somewhere in Nordic Europe (?), or perhaps in another suitable geographical area, should
not be asking too much!
Nieuwersluis, 1 June 1990
Ramesh D. Gulati
Eddy Lammens
Marie-Louise Meijer
Ellen van Donk
Reference
Lammens, E. H. R. R., R. D. Gulati, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk, 1990. The First Biomanipulation Conference: a synthesis.
In: Gulati, R. D., E. H. R. R. Lammens, M.-L. Meijer & E. van Donk (eds), Biomanipulation - Tool for Water Management.
First International Conference, 8-11 August, 1989, Amsterdam. Developments in Hydrobiology 61, Kluwer Academic
Publishers, Dordrecht. Reprinted from Hydrobiologia 200/201: 619-627.