Biology of Stress in Fish Fish Physiology

596 Pages·2016·13.88 MB·English

by  Carl B. Schreck

BIOLOGY OF STRESS IN FISH
This is Volume 35 in the
FISH PHYSIOLOGY series
Edited by Anthony P. Farrell and Colin J. Brauner
Honorary Editors: William S. Hoar and David J. Randall
Acompletelistofbooksinthisseriesappearsattheendofthevolume
BIOLOGY OF STRESS IN FISH
Fish Physiology
CARL B. SCHRECK
Oregon CooperativeFishandWildlife Research Unit
Department ofFisheries andWildlife
Oregon State University
Corvallis, Oregon
UnitedStates
LLUIS TORT
Department ofCell Biology, PhysiologyandImmunology
Universitat Auto`noma deBarcelona
Bellaterra, Barcelona,Catalonia
Spain
ANTHONY P. FARRELL
Department ofZoology, andFacultyofLand andFood Systems
TheUniversity of BritishColumbia
Vancouver, BritishColumbia
Canada
COLIN J. BRAUNER
Departmentof Zoology
TheUniversity of BritishColumbia
Vancouver, BritishColumbia
Canada
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CONTENTS
CONTRIBUTORS ix
PREFACE xi
1. The Concept of Stress in Fish
Carl B. Schreck and Lluis Tort
1. Introduction 2
2. Variation in the Neuroendocrine Stress Response
Svante Winberg, Erik Ho¨glund and Øyvind Øverli
1. Introduction 35
2. OntogenyoftheTeleostStressResponse 37
3. NeuronalSubstrateforStressandVariationinStressResponses 40
4. DivergentStressCopingStyles,AnimalPersonalities,
andBehavioralSyndromes 42
5. AgonisticInteractions:StressandAggression 51
6. NutritionalFactorsAffectingStressResponses 54
7. DirectionsforFutureResearch 59
3. The Endocrinology of the Stress Response in Fish
Marnix Gorissen and Gert Flik
1. Introduction 76
2. StressandtheBrain:The(Neuro-)EndocrineHypothalamus 81
3. StressandthePituitaryGland 92
4. StressandtheHeadKidney 95
5. SynthesisandPerspective 98
4. The Molecular Stress Response
Erin Faught, Neel Aluru and Mathilakath M. Vijayan
1. Introduction 114
2. MolecularRegulationoftheHypothalamic–Pituitary–Interrenal(HPI)Axis 116
v
vi
CONTENTS
3. GenomicCortisolSignaling 125
4. GenomicEffectsofCortisol 129
5. SignificanceofMolecularResponses 144
6. ApproachestoStudyMolecularResponsestoStress 145
7. ConcludingRemarksandtheUnknowns 149
5. Stress and Growth
Bastien Sadoul and Mathilakath M. Vijayan
1. Introduction 168
2. AConceptualFrameworkforGrowth 169
3. StressEffectonEnergyAvailableforGrowth 178
4. StressEffectsonPromotersofMuscleFormation 185
5. ConclusionandKnowledgeGaps 190
6. Homeostatic Responses to Osmotic Stress
Yoshio Takei and Pung-Pung Hwang
1. Introduction 208
2. ResponsestoHyperosmoticStress 215
3. ResponsestoHypoosmoticStress 218
4. StressSensingtoHomeostasis 224
5. EnergyMetabolisminResponsetoOsmoticStress 231
6. ConclusionsandPerspectives 237
7. The Stress and Stress Mitigation Effects of Exercise:
Cardiovascular, Metabolic, and Skeletal Muscle
Adjustments
Kenneth J. Rodnick and Josep V. Planas
1. Introduction 252
2. PhysiologicalDemandsofSwimmingExercise
andtheStressContinuum 254
3. PhysiologicalAdaptationstoSwimmingand
RelevancetoStress 269
8. Reproduction and Development
N.W. Pankhurst
1. Introduction 296
2. RegulationofReproduction 297
3. EffectsofStressonReproduction 301
4. MechanismsofStressAction 312
5. StressEffectsonReproductioninNaturalEnvironments 319
6. FutureDirections 321
vii
CONTENTS
9. Cognition, Learning, and Behavior
David L.G. Noakes and Katherine M.M. Jones
1. HowStressCanAffectBehavior,andViceVersa 334
2. Optimality,Preferences,andDecision-Making 335
3. SalmonasModelSpecies 342
4. LearninginRelationtoStressinFishes 343
5. SomeCriticalKnowledgeGaps 351
10. Stress and Disease Resistance: Immune
System and Immunoendocrine Interactions
Takashi Yada and Lluis Tort
1. Introduction 366
2. EffectsofStressorsontheImmuneResponse 367
3. OrganizationoftheImmuneResponseFollowingStress:
TheNeuroimmunoendocrineConnectionandthe
RoleoftheHeadKidney 375
4. EffectsofHormonesontheImmuneSystem 376
5. EnvironmentalStressorsandFishImmunity 386
6. FutureDirections 389
11. Stress Indicators in Fish
Natalie M. Sopinka, Michael R. Donaldson,
Constance M. O’Connor, Cory D. Suski and
Steven J. Cooke
1. WhyDoWeMeasureStress? 406
2. QuantifyingStress 407
3. SpecificMeasuresofFishStress 409
4. ConsiderationsforMeasuringandInterpretingStress 433
5. FromIndividualIndicatorstoEcosystemHealth 441
6. StressIndicatorsoftheFuture 443
7. Conclusion 446
12. Stress Management and Welfare
Lynne U. Sneddon, David C.C. Wolfenden
and Jack S. Thomson
1. Introduction 464
2. ManagingStressinFish 475
3. TheImpactofStressonFishWelfare 494
4. ConclusionsandFutureDirections 521
13. Stress in Fish as Model Organisms
Sean Spagnoli, Christian Lawrence and Michael L. Kent
1. Introduction 542
2. IndicatorsofStressinLaboratoryFish 544
viii
CONTENTS
3. FactorsImpactingStressinLaboratoryFishHandling 546
4. Housing 547
5. FeedingandStress 552
6. SexandHierarchies 552
7. SexDeterminationandReversal 553
8. Stress,Cortisol,andReproduction 553
9. Anesthetics 554
10. UnderlyingDiseases 555
11. Consistency 556
12. ConclusionandKeyUnknowns 557
INDEX 565
OTHERVOLUMESINTHEFISHPHYSIOLOGYSERIES 587
CONTRIBUTORS
N. ALURU (113), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA,
United States
S.J. COOKE (405), Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
M.R. DONALDSON (405), Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
E. FAUGHT (113), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
G. FLIK (75), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
M. GORISSEN (75), Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
E. HÖGLUND (35), Norvegian Institute of Water Research (NIVA), Oslo,
Norway
P.-P. HWANG (207), Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
K.M.M. JONES (333), Cape Breton University, Sydney, NS, Canada
M.L. KENT (541), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
C.LAWRENCE(541),Children’sHospitalBoston,AquaticResourcesProgram,
Boston, MA, United States
D.L.G. NOAKES (333), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
C.M. O'CONNOR (405), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
Ø. ØVERLI (35), Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway
ix
x CONTRIBUTORS
N.W. PANKHURST (295), Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Gold
Coast, QLD, Australia
J.V. PLANAS (251), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
K.J. RODNICK (251), Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, United States
B. SADOUL (167), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
C.B. SCHRECK (1), Oregon State University, Oregon, United States
L.U. SNEDDON (463), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
N.M. SOPINKA (405), Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
S. SPAGNOLI (541), Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States
C.D. SUSKI (405), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign,
Urbana, IL, United States
Y. TAKEI (207), University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
J.S. THOMSON (463), University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
L. TORT (1, 365), Universitat Auto`noma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
M.M. VIJAYAN (113, 167), University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
S. WINBERG (35), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
D.C.C. WOLFENDEN (463), Blue Planet Aquarium, Ellesmere Port, United
Kingdom
T. YADA (365), National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Nikko, Japan