Table Of ContentBIOLOGY OF
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
BIOLOGY OF
DOMESTIC ANIMALS
Editors
Colin G. Scanes
University of Wisconsin
Department of Biological Science
Milwaukee, WI
USA
Rodney A. Hill
School of Biomedical Sciences
Charles Sturt University
Wagga Wagga, New South Wales
Australia
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A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
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Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for
identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Names: Liu, Jian (Chemical engineer), editor. | Jiang, San Ping, editor.
Title: Mesoporous materials for advanced energy storage and conversion
technologies / editorLs,i bJiraanr Ly iouf, CDoepnagrrtemsse nCta otfa Clohgeimngi‑cianl ‑EPnugbinlieceartiinogn, Data
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Curtin University, Perth, WA,
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Preface
It is January 2017. Estimates of the rate of growth of global knowledge posit
a doubling in less than one year, with an exponentially increasing rate.
With such dynamic changes, approaches to the sharing of knowledge are
being challenged. The “cloud” now provides unprecedented access and
the internet connects us to the unimaginably immense knowledge pool.
Knowledge about domestic animals, is a tiny drop in this pool. And yet there
is so much knowledge out there, even the greatest minds in the field are
daunted in finding ways to package that knowledge into useful chunks. Our
contribution to packaging a snap-shot of knowledge of domestic animals
has brought together a group of contributing authors from across the globe,
and together we have focused on bringing to the readers exciting new
discoveries and consolidation of knowledge across our collective expertise.
Knowledge from the level of population, whole animal, systems, tissues,
organs, cells, molecules, and from many disciplines from nutrition to
physiology to genetics, and the impact of this knowledge on human biology
in health and disease, on animals as human companions and on animals as
part of our food production systems has been brought together. Our intent
has been to provide stimulating reading for anyone with an interest in
domestic animals, for scientists, and for students. This drop of knowledge
brings perspective and cohesion that also provides the reader and indeed
the contributors with opportunities to join some “dots” from the collection
and to synthesize some new knowledge and to further advance the field.
Rodney A. Hill
Contents
Preface v
Introduction ix
Section A: Domestic Animals as Comparative Models to Humans
1. Equine Exercise Physiology: A Historical Perspective 3
Kenneth H. McKeever
2. The Pig Model for the Study of Obesity and Associated 18
Metabolic Diseases
Kolapo M. Ajuwon
3. Growth Hormone and the Chick Eye 48
Steve Harvey and Carlos G. Martinez-Moreno
4. Porosome Enables the Establishment of Fusion Pore at its 66
base and the Consequent Kiss-and-Run Mechanism of
Secretion from Cells
Bhanu P. Jena
Section B: Molecular Regulation of Growth/Metabolic Efficiency
5. Epigenetics and Developmental Programming in 85
Ruminants—Long-Term Impacts on Growth and Development
Lawrence P. Reynolds, Alison K. Ward and Joel S. Caton
6. Molecular Physiology of Feed Efficiency in Beef Cattle 122
Claire Fitzsimons, Mark McGee, Kate Keogh, Sinéad M. Waters
and David A. Kenny
7. Hormonal Control of Energy Substrate Utilization and 166
Energy Metabolism in Domestic Animals
Colin G. Scanes and Rodney A. Hill
viii Biology of Domestic Animals
Section C: Reproduction
8. Reproduction in Poultry: An Overview 213
Murray R. Bakst
Section D: Animal Stress and Welfare
9. Effects of Stress on Growth and Development: From 241
Domestication to Factory Farming
W.M. Rauw and L. Gomez Raya
10. Biology of Stress in Livestock and Poultry 266
Colin G. Scanes, Yvonne Vizzier-Thaxton and Karen Christensen
Section E: Future Directions
11. Nutrient Transporter Gene Expression in Poultry, 319
Livestock and Fish
Eric A. Wong, Elizabeth R. Gilbert and Katarzyna B. Miska
12. Novel Peptides in Poultry: A Case Study of the Expanding 345
Glucagon Peptide Superfamily in Chickens (Gallus gallus)
Yajun Wang
Index 355
Introduction
Rodney A. Hill
Reader Guide to Scope
This book was conceived with the aim of providing a broad readership
with information written by expert authors, with comprehensive coverage
across the field of domestic animal biology. An important notion has been to
provide information over reader-friendly themes, presented within sections.
The Section on domestic animals as comparative models to humans,
provides some insights into the ways in which scientists better understand
human health and disease through studying similar processes in animals.
Horses have a long association with humans across most of the world, and
have been bred as athletes, for work, as companions and in some cultures,
for food. Ken McKeever provides great insights into a deep historically
framed examination of what we have learned and how we have benefited
from human association with horses.
One of the most distressing and impactful maladies, not only in affluent
nations but also across many rapidly developing nations is obesity. The
pig has been domesticated and has co-evolved and undergone intensive
selection across widely diverse societies and cultures. Kola Ajuwon has
brought focus on several examples of pigs that have either evolved the
propensity to be obese, or have been deliberately selected as such. These
lines (breeds) have provided science with an excellent tool to better
understand the causes, underlying biology and to develop effective
treatments for obesity and associated pathologies.
Chapters 3 and 4 explore animal models at a more micro level. In
Chapter 3, Steve Harvey and Carlos Martinez-Moreno provide insights
into eye development, structure and function using the chick model. Many
animal models have been used to study eye development, and profound
insights have been facilitated by study of the chick model; the utility of
