Table Of ContentAdvances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology
Ennio Pannese
Biology and
Pathology of
Perineuronal
Satellite Cells in
Sensory Ganglia
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Prof. Dr. Z. KMIEC, Department of Histology and Immunology, Medical University of Gdansk,
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226
Advances in Anatomy,
Embryology
and Cell Biology
Co-ordinating Editor
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Ennio Pannese
Biology and Pathology
of Perineuronal Satellite
Cells in Sensory Ganglia
Ennio Pannese
University of Milan
Milan
Italy
ISSN 0301-5556 ISSN 2192-7065 (electronic)
Advances in Anatomy, Embryology and Cell Biology
ISBN 978-3-319-60139-7 ISBN 978-3-319-60140-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60140-3
Library of Congress Control Number: 2017955700
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To Marisa and Lucia
Acknowledgments
The author thanks Prof. F. Scaravilli (Department of Neuropathology, UCL, London,
UK) and Prof. L. Zerboni (Department of Pediatrics/Infectious Diseases, Stanford
University, Stanford, California, USA) who kindly provided micrographs, Mrs. A.
Cerri for her advice during the making of the book, Mr. D. Ward for his help with
the English, and Mr. G. Macor (Studio Macor, Milano) who digitalized the figures.
vii
Contents
Biology and Pathology of Perineuronal Satellite
Cells in Sensory Ganglia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Historical Note . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Organization of the Perineuronal Sheath in Adult Vertebrates . . . . . 2
1.3 Shape of Satellite Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.4 Structure of Satellite Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
1.5 M olecular Characteristics of Satellite Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
1.6 R elationships Between Satellite Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
1.7 P erikaryal Myelin Sheaths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
1.8 N euron-Satellite Cell Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
1.9 B oundary Between the Satellite Cell Sheath and the Interstitial
Connective Tissue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
1.10 Q uantitative Relationships Between Nerve and Satellite Cells . . . . . 35
1.11 O rigin and Development of Satellite Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
1.12 Physiological Properties of Satellite Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
1.13 Mitotic Activity of Satellite Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
1.14 Phagocytic Activity of Satellite Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
1.15 Age-Related Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
1.16 Roles of Satellite Cells Under Physiological Conditions . . . . . . . . . 48
1.16.1 Control of Traffic to Neurons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
1.16.2 Homeostasis of the Perineuronal Microenvironment . . . . . . . 49
1.16.3 Neuroprotection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1.16.4 Influence on Neuronal Morphology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
1.17 Communication Between Neurons and Satellite Cells . . . . . . . . . . . 50
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x Contents
1.18 Reaction of Satellite Cells to Experimental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . 51
1.18.1 In Vitro Cultures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
1.18.2 Chemical Agents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
1.18.3 Radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
1.18.4 Axon Injury . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
1.18.5 Other Experimental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
1.19 R eaction of Satellite Cells to Pathological Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . 57
1.19.1 Viral Infections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
1.19.2 Hereditary Neuropathies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
1.19.3 Degenerative Disorders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
1.20 Role of Satellite Cells in Neuropathic Pain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Abbreviations
CNS Central nervous system
E face (of the plasma membrane) Inner face of the outer (=External) leaflet of
the split plasma membrane
kD Kilodalton
mV Millivolt
MΩ Megohm
nm Nanometer
P face (of the plasma membrane) O uter face of the inner (=Protoplasmic)
leaflet of the split plasma membrane
PNS Peripheral nervous system
RNA Ribonucleic acid
μm Micrometer
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