Table Of ContentBiology and Breeding of Food Legumes
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Biology and Breeding
of Food Legumes
Edited by
Aditya Pratap and Jitendra Kumar
Crop Improvement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research,
Kanpur, INDIA
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Biology and breeding of food legumes / edited by Aditya Pratap and Jitendra Kumar.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-84593-766-9 (alk. paper)
1. Legumes--Breeding. 2. Food crops--Breeding. 3. Legumes as food. I. Pratap, Aditya,
1976- II. Kumar, Jitendra, 1973- III. Title.
SB177.L45B56 2011
583’.74--dc22 2011008615
ISBN-13: 978 1 84593 766 9
Commissioning editor: Meredith Carroll
Editorial assistant: Gwenan Spearing
Production editor: Fiona Chippendale
Typeset by SPi, Pondicherry, India.
Printed and bound by CPI Group (UK) Ltd, Croydon, CR0 4YY.
Contents
Contributors vii
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
1 History, Origin and Evolution 1
Aditya Pratap and Jitendra Kumar
2 Domestication 19
P.M. Chimwamurombe and R.K. Khulbe
3 Biology of Food Legumes 35
S.K. Chaturvedi, Debjyoti Sen Gupta and Rashmi Jain
4 Breeding for Improvement of Cool Season Food Legumes 49
Michael Materne, Antonio Leonforte, Kristy Hobson, Jeffrey Paull
and Annathurai Gnanasambandam
5 Breeding for Improvement of Warm Season Food Legumes 63
B.B. Singh, R.K. Solanki, B.K. Chaubey and Preeti Verma
6 Distant Hybridization and Alien Gene Introgression 81
Shiv Kumar, Muhammad Imtiaz, Sanjeev Gupta and Aditya Pratap
7 Polyploidy 111
S. Safari and J.A Schlueter
8 Cytology and Molecular Cytogenetics 120
Nobuko Ohmido
9 Molecular Cytogenetics in Physical Mapping of Genomes 131
and Alien Introgressions
H.K. Chaudhary, V.K. Sood, T. Tayeng, V. Kaila and A. Sood
10 Micropropagation 147
E. Skrzypek, I. Czyczyło-Mysza and M. We˛dzony
v
vi Contents
11 Androgenesis and Doubled-Haploid Production in Food Legumes 159
M.M. Lulsdorf, J.S Croser and S. Ochatt
12 Genetic Transformation 178
G. Angenon and T.T. Thu
13 Male Sterility and Hybrid Production Technology 193
R.G. Palmer, J. Gai, V.A. Dalvi and M.J. Suso
14 Mutagenesis 208
K.H. Oldach
15 Breeding for Biotic Stresses 220
Ashwani K. Basandrai, Daisy Basandrai, P. Duraimurugan and T. Srinivasan
16 Breeding for Abiotic Stresses 241
C. Toker and N. Mutlu
17 Legume Improvement in Acidic and Less Fertile Soils 262
C.R. Spehar, E.A. Pereira and L.A.C. Souza
18 Molecular Breeding Approach in Managing Abiotic Stresses 276
M. Ishitani, J. Rane, S. Bebee, M. Sankaran, M. Blair and I.M. Rao
19 Trait Mapping and Molecular Breeding 296
S.K. Chamarthi, A. Kumar, T.D. Vuong, M.W. Blair, P.M. Gaur, H.T. Nguyen
and R.K. Varshney
20 Improving Protein Content and Nutrition Quality 314
J. Burstin, K. Gallardo, R.R. Mir, R.K. Varshney and G. Duc
21 Underutilized Food Legumes: Potential for Multipurpose Uses 329
Nazmul Haq
22 Legumes as a Model Plant Family 348
S.B. Cannon, Shusei Sato, Satoshi Tabata, N.D. Young and G.D. May
23 Plant Genetic Resources and Conservation of Biodiversity 362
S. Sardana, Mohar Singh, S.K. Sharma and Neha Rajan
24 Seed Dormancy and Viability 376
J.Y. Asibuo
25 Postharvest Technology 385
A.P. Rodiño, J. Kumar, M. De La Fuente, A.M. De Ron and M. Santalla
26 Value Addition and International Trade 395
M. Gupta, B.K. Tiwari and T. Norton
Index 405
Contributors
Angenon, G.Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vrije
Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; E-mail: Geert.Angenon@vub.
ac.be
Asibuo, J.Y.CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. Box 3785, Kumasi, Ghana; E-mail: jyasibuo@gmail.
com
Basandrai, Ashwani K.CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Hill Agricultural Research
and Extension Centre, Dhaulakuan, District Sirmour (HP)-173001, India; E-mail: ashwanispp@
gmail.com
Basandrai, DaisyCSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya, Hill Agricultural Research and Ex-
tension Centre, Dhaulakuan, District Sirmour (HP)-173001, India; E-mail: [email protected]
Bebee, S.International Center for Tropical Agriculture, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia; E-mail: s.beebe@
cgiar.org
Blair, M. International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Bean Project, A.A. 6713, Cali,
Colombia, South America; E-mail: [email protected]
Burstin, J.UMR-102 Legume Ecophysiology and Genetics, INRA, 17 rue de Sully, 21065 Dijon Cedex,
France; E-mail: [email protected]
Cannon, S.B.United States Department of Agriculture – Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects
and Crop Genetics Research Unit, Ames, IA 50011, USA; E-mail:[email protected]
Chamarthi, S.K. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT),
Patancheru-502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India
Chaturvedi, S.K.Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024,
India; E-mail: [email protected]
Chaubey, B.K.Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024,
India; E-mail: [email protected]
Chaudhary, H.K. Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Laboratory, CSK Himachal Pradesh
Agricultural University, Palampur, H.P. India–176062; E-mail: [email protected]
Chimwamurombe, P.M.Department of Biological Sciences, University of Namibia, Namibia; E-mail:
[email protected]
Croser, J.S. Centre for Legumes in Mediterranean Agriculture (CLIMA), University of Western
Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia, E-mail: [email protected]
Czyczyło-Mysza, I. Polish Academy of Sciences, Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology,
Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; E-mail: [email protected]
vii
viii Contributors
Dalvi, V.A. Guangxi Crop Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology Laboratory, Nanning, People’s
Republic of China; E-mail: [email protected]
De La Fuente, M.Misión Biológica de Galicia-CSIC, P.O. Box 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Spain; E-mail:
[email protected]
De Ron, A.M.Misión Biológica de Galicia-CSIC, P.O. Box 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Spain
Duc, G.UMR-102 Legume Ecophysiology and Genetics, INRA, 17 rue de Sully, 21065 Dijon cedex,
France; E-mail: [email protected]
Duraimurugan, P. Crop Protection Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur–208024,
Uttar Pradesh, India; E-mail: [email protected]
Gai, J. National Centre for Soybean Improvement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jingsu
Province, 210095, People’s Republic of China; E-mail: [email protected]
Gallardo, K. UMR-102 Legume Ecophysiology and Genetics, INRA, 17 rue de Sully, 21065 Dijon
cedex, France; E-mail: [email protected]
Gaur, P.M.International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru-
502 324, Andhra Pradesh, India; E-mail: [email protected]
Gnanasambandam, AnnathuraiGrains Innovation Park, Department of Primary Industries, Private
Bag 260, Horsham, Victoria 3401, Australia; E-mail: [email protected]
Gupta, D.S. CropImprovement Division, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024, India;
E-mail: [email protected]
Gupta, M.School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin
1, Ireland; E-mail: [email protected]
Gupta, SanjeevDivision of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024,
India; E-mail: [email protected]
Haq, Nazmul Centre for Underutilised Crops, Environment Division, School of Civil Engineering
and the Environment, Southampton University, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; E-mail: N.N.Haq@
soton.ac.uk
Hobson, KristyGrains Innovation Park, Department of Primary Industries, Private Bag 260, Hor-
sham, Victoria 3401, Australia; E-mail: [email protected]
Imtiaz, Muhammad Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management, International Centre for
Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria; E-mail: [email protected]
Ishitani, M. International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia; E-mail:
[email protected]
Jain, Rashmi Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024,
India; E-mail: [email protected]
Kaila, V.Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Lab., CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural Uni-
versity, Palampur, H.P. India–176062; E-mail: [email protected]
Khulbe, RajeshDepartment of Genetics and Plant Breeding, GB Pant University of Agriculture &
Technology, Pantnagar, India; E-mail: [email protected]
Kumar, A. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT),
Patancheru-502324, Andhra Pradesh, India
Kumar, J.Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024, India;
E-mail: [email protected]
Kumar, Shiv Biodiversity and Integrated Gene Management, International Centre for Agricultural
Research in the Dry Areas, P.O. Box 5466, Aleppo, Syria; E-mail: [email protected]
Leonforte, Antonio Grains Innovation Park, Department of Primary Industries, Private Bag 260,
Horsham, Victoria 3401, Australia; E-mail: [email protected]
Lulsdorf, M.M. Crop Development Centre (CDC), University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive,
Saskatoon SK S7N 5A8, Canada; E-mail: [email protected]
Materne, Michael Grains Innovation Park, Department of Primary Industries, Private Bag 260,
Horsham, Victoria 3401, Australia; E-mail: [email protected]
May, G.D.National Center for Genome Resources, 2935 Rodeo Park Drive East, Santa Fe, NM 87505,
USA
Contributors ix
Mir, R.R. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT),
Patancheru-502324, Andhra Pradesh, India; E-mail: [email protected]
Mutlu, N. Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, TR-07070 Antalya, Turkey; E-mail:
[email protected]
Nguyen, H.T. National Center for Soybean Biotechnology (NCSB), University of Missouri, 40
Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO 65211-7140, USA
Norton, T. Department of Food Engineering, Harper Adams University College, TF10 8NB, UK;
E-mail:[email protected]
Ochatt, S.Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire, Morphogenèse et Validation (PCMV), Unité Mixte
de Recherches en Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses à Graines (UMRLEG), Centre
de Recherches, INRA de Dijon, B.P. 86510, 21065 Dijon Cedex, France; E-mail: ochatt@epoisses.
inra.fr
Ohmido, NobukoGraduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Kobe
657-8501, Japan; E-mail: [email protected]
Oldach, K.H. South Australia Research Development Institute, Plant Genomics Centre, Waite
Research Precinct, Hartley Grove, Urrbrae SA, 5064, Australia; E-mail: [email protected]
Palmer, R.G. USDA-ARS, Agronomy Department, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
E-mail: [email protected]
Paull, Jeffrey School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen
Osmond, South Australia 506, Australia; E-mail: [email protected]
Pereira, E.A.Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Uni-
versitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Instituto Central de Ciências Ala Sul, Caixa Postal 4.508 - CEP:
70.910-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected]
Pratap, AdityaDivision of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024,
India; E-mail: [email protected]
Rajan, Neha Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024,
India; E-mail: [email protected]
Rane, J. International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia; E-mail: j.rane@
cgiar.org
Rao, I.M. International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, A.A. 6713, Cali, Colombia; E-mail: i.rao@
cgiar.org
Rodiño, A.P. Misión Biológica de Galicia-CSIC, P.O. Box 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Spain; E-mail:
[email protected]
Safari, S. Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte,
9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
Sankaran, M. Central Agricultural Research Institute, Port Blair, A & N Islands, India; E-mail:
[email protected]
Santalla, M.Misión Biológica de Galicia-CSIC. P.O. Box 28, 36080, Pontevedra, Spain; E-mail: msan-
[email protected]
Sardana, S.National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110 012, India
Sato, Shusei Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818,
Japan; E-mail: [email protected]
Schlueter, J.A.Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte,
9201 University City Blvd., Charlotte, NC 28223, USA; E-mail: [email protected]
Sharma, S.K.National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110 012, India; E-mail: skspbg@
yahoo.co.in
Singh, B.B. Additional Director General (Oilseeds and Pulses), Indian Council of Agricultural
Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi-110001, India; E-mail: [email protected]
Singh, Mohar National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, 110 012, India; E-mail:
[email protected]
Skrzypek, E.Polish Academy of Sciences, Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapomi-
najek 21, 30-239 Kraków, Poland; E-mail: [email protected]
x Contributors
Solanki, R.K. Division of Crop Improvement, Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur-208024,
India; E-mail: [email protected]
Sood, A. Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Lab., CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural
University, Palampur, H.P., India-176062; E-mail: [email protected]
Sood, V.K. Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Lab., CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural
University, Palampur, H.P., India-176062; E-mail: [email protected]
Souza, L.A.C.Ministério do Desenvolvimento Agrário, Ed. Palácio do Desenvolvimento, 10° andar,
Brasília, CEP: 71.000-000 Brasília DF, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected]
Spehar, C.R. Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campus
Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Asa Norte, Instituto Central de Ciências Ala Sul, Caixa Postal 4.508 -
CEP: 70.910-970 Brasília, DF, Brazil; E-mail: [email protected]
Srinivasan, T. Coconut Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Aliyar Nagar-642
101, Tamil Nadu, India; E-mail: [email protected]
Suso, María José Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible (CSIC), Apdo. 4084, 14080 Córdoba, Spain;
E-mail:[email protected]
Tabata, SatoshiKazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818,
Japan; E-mail: [email protected]
Tayeng, T. Molecular Cytogenetics and Tissue Culture Lab., CSK Himachal Pradesh Agricultural
University, Palampur, H.P., India-176062; E-mail: [email protected]
Thu, T.T. Laboratory of Plant Genetics, Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Vrije
Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium; E-mail: [email protected]
Tiwari, B.K.Manchester Food Research Centre, Manchester Metropolitan University, M14 6HR, UK;
E-mail: [email protected]
Toker, C. Faculty of Agriculture, Akdeniz University, TR-07070 Antalya, Turkey; E-mail: toker@
akdeniz.edu.tr
Varshney, R.K. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT),
Patancheru-502324, Andhra Pradesh, India; E-mail: [email protected]
Verma, P. Agricultural Research Station, MP University of Agriculture and Technology, Kota 324001,
India; E-mail: [email protected]
Vuong, T.D. National Center for Soybean Biotechnology (NCSB), University of Missouri, 40
Agriculture Building, Columbia, MO 65211-7140, USA
We˛dzony, M. Pedagogical University of Kraków, Podchora˛żych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland; E-mail:
[email protected]
Young, N.D.Department of Plant Pathology, 495 Borlaug Hall, University of Minnesota, St. Paul,
MN55108, USA; E-mail:[email protected]