Biologically Active Natural Products From Asia and Africa A Selection of Topics

141 Pages·2022·7.669 MB·English

by  Anna Capasso

Biologically Active Natural
Products from Asia and Africa:
A Selection of Topics
Edited by
Anna Capasso
Department of Pharmacy
University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano SA
Italy
Biologically Active Natural Products from Asia and Africa:
A Selection of Topics
Editor: Anna Capasso
ISBN (Online): 978-981-14-8974-7
ISBN (Print): 978-981-14-8972-3
ISBN (Paperback): 978-981-14-8973-0
© 2021, Bentham Books imprint.
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CONTENTS
PREFACE ................................................................................................................................................ i
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS .................................................................................................................. ii
CHAPTER 1 BIOLOGICAL AND PHYSICAL CONTAMINANTS IN ANTI-DIABETIC
HERBAL MEDICINES OF BANGLADESH .............................................................. 1
Rausan Zamir, Nazmul Islam, Sunzid Ahmed, Md. Ali Asraf, Nikhil C. Bhoumik,
Omar Faruque and Akhter Farooque
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 2
METHODS ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Study Area and Sample Collection ......................................................................................... 4
Determination of pH ............................................................................................................... 4
Microbiological Analysis ........................................................................................................ 5
Preparation of Culture Media ....................................................................................... 5
Isolation and Identification of Microorganisms ........................................................... 5
Total Aerobic Bacterial Count and Total Coliform Count ........................................... 5
Escherichia coli 0157 .................................................................................................... 5
Escherichia coli ............................................................................................................. 6
Salmonella spp. ............................................................................................................. 6
Listeria spp. ................................................................................................................... 6
Yeasts and Molds Count (YMC) .................................................................................... 6
Toxic Metal Analysis .............................................................................................................. 7
RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................ 7
Microbial Contamination ........................................................................................................ 7
Metal Toxicity ......................................................................................................................... 7
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................. 9
Biological Contamination (Microbes) .................................................................................... 9
Physical Contamination (Metal Toxicity) ............................................................................... 10
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 12
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 12
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 12
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 12
CHAPTER 2 QUANTIFICATION AND HEALTH SAFETY ASSESSMENT OF SOME TOXIC
METALS IN ANTI-DIABETIC HERBAL PREPARATIONS COLLECTED
FROM LOCAL RETAILERS USING THE XRF ANALYTICAL TOOL .............. 15
Rausan Zamir, Nazmul Islam, Mahfuza Parveen, Shipra Sarker, Rajib Kanti,
M. Safiur Rahman and Omar Faruque
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 16
METHODS ...................................................................................................................................... 17
Study Area and Sample Collection ......................................................................................... 17
Sample Preparation and Analysis ........................................................................................... 17
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 18
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 21
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 21
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 21
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 21
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 21
CHAPTER 3 CAFFEINE INTAKE AND THE RISK OF FEMALE PRIMARY INFERTILITY:
AN EVIDENCE-BASED CASE REPORT .................................................................. 25
A. Zaifar, E.N. Nabila, L.D. Vincent, N.M.P Kusuma, S.S.K. Nareswari and M. Louisa
CASE ................................................................................................................................................ 26
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 26
METHODS ...................................................................................................................................... 27
RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................ 27
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................. 32
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 34
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 35
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 35
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 35
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 35
CHAPTER 4 AN OVERVIEW OF URENA SINUATA: PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES ....................................................................... 37
Pranta Ray, Rajib Hossain, Md. Matiur Rahman and Muhammad Torequl Islam
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 37
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY .................................................................................................. 38
FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 39
Phytochemicals of U. Sinuata ................................................................................................ 39
Pharmacological Activities of U. Sinuata .............................................................................. 39
Antioxidant Activity ....................................................................................................... 39
Anti-Diarrhoeal Activity ................................................................................................ 40
Anti-Nociceptive Activity ............................................................................................... 40
Anti-Inflammatory Activity ............................................................................................ 40
Anti-Pyretic Activity ...................................................................................................... 41
Insecticidal and Insect-Repellent Activities .................................................................. 41
Thrombolytic Activity .................................................................................................... 41
Sedative, Anxiolytic, and Analgesic Activities .............................................................. 41
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE .................................................................................................... 42
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................. 42
SUMMARY AND PERSPECTIVES ............................................................................................ 43
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 43
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 43
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 43
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 44
CHAPTER 5 ANTI-CHIKV ACTIVITIES OF DITERPENES AND THEIR DERIVATIVES ... 46
Muhammad Torequl Islam
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 47
SEARCH STRATEGY ................................................................................................................... 47
FINDINGS ....................................................................................................................................... 47
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES ..................................................................... 54
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 54
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 54
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 54
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 54
CHAPTER 6 DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
NANOGEL FOR THE TREATMENT OF PSORIASIS ............................................ 57
A.A. Yelmate, P. Gundewar and R.S. Moon
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 57
MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................... 58
Collection of Plant Material .................................................................................................... 58
Extraction of Plant Material .................................................................................................... 58
FORMULATIONS OF NANOGEL ............................................................................................. 58
Preparation of Drug-Loaded Nanodispersions ........................................................................ 58
Preparation of Nanogel ........................................................................................................... 59
EVALUATION OF DEVELOPED FORMULATION ............................................................... 59
Appearance ............................................................................................................................. 59
Determination of pH ............................................................................................................... 59
Determination of Homogeneity .............................................................................................. 59
Viscosity ................................................................................................................................. 60
Particle Size ............................................................................................................................ 60
Spreadability ........................................................................................................................... 60
Skin Irritancy Test ................................................................................................................... 60
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 60
Particle Size Determination .................................................................................................... 61
Zeta Potential Measurements .................................................................................................. 61
Stability Studies ............................................................................................................. 61
IN-VIVO ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY ...................................................................... 63
Animals ................................................................................................................................... 63
Carrageenan-Induced Mice Paw Oedema Method ................................................................. 63
Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................................. 63
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 64
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION ............................................................................................ 64
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 65
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 65
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 65
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 65
CHAPTER 7 ANTILITHIATIC PROPERTIES OF MOROCCAN MEDICINAL PLANTS AND
MECHANISM INSIGHTS OF THEIR PHYTOCHEMICALS ................................ 67
Aya Khouchlaa, Abdelhakim Bouyahya and M'hamed Tijane
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 67
METHODS ...................................................................................................................................... 68
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 68
Ethnobotany of Antilithiasic Medicinal Plants Used in Morocco .......................................... 68
Experimental Methods to Evaluate The Antilithiatic Activity ............................................... 70
In Vitro Methods ............................................................................................................ 70
In Vivo Methods ............................................................................................................ 75
ANTILITHIATIC MECHANISM OF PHYTOMOLECULES ................................................. 76
Changing Urine Parameters .................................................................................................... 76
Diuretic ................................................................................................................................... 77
Influence on The Crystallization Process ............................................................................... 77
Cell Surface Adhesion ............................................................................................................ 78
Antioxidant Effect ................................................................................................................... 78
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 78
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 79
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 79
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 79
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 79
CHAPTER 8 ETHNOBOTANIC, PHYTOCHEMICAL, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF
ARISTOLOCHIA LONGA L.: A REVIEW ............................................................... 84
Amina El Yahyaoui El Idrissi, Aya Khouchlaa, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Mereym El
Fessikh, Youssef Bakri and M'hamed Tijane
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 84
CLASSIFICATION AND BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION ........................................................ 85
Ethnomedicobothany .............................................................................................................. 86
Phytochemistry of A. longa ................................................................................................... 87
Major Compounds, Including Phenols, Flavonoids, Alkaloids, Saponins .................... 88
Fatty Acid Composition ................................................................................................. 90
PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF A. LONGA
COMPOUNDS ................................................................................................................................ 92
Anti-tumor Activities .............................................................................................................. 92
Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities .................................................................................. 97
Antidiabetic Activities ............................................................................................................ 98
Antioxidant Activities ............................................................................................................. 99
Anti-inflammatory Activities .................................................................................................. 99
Immunostimulatory Activities ................................................................................................ 99
Toxicity Effect ........................................................................................................................ 100
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 100
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 100
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 101
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 101
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 101
CHAPTER 9 WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF COMBINED EXTRACTS OF STEM
BARK AND LEAVES OF SPHENOCENTRUM JOLLYANUM: A CLASSICAL
FACTORIAL DESIGN MODEL APPROACH ......................................................... 106
Charles O. Nnadi, Chinwe M. Onah, Chigozie L. Ugwu and Wilfred O. Obonga
INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 107
MATERIALS AND METHODS ................................................................................................... 108
Collection and Processing of Plant Materials ......................................................................... 108
Preparation of The Plant Extracts ........................................................................................... 108
Phytochemical Analysis of Plant Extracts .............................................................................. 108
Experimental Animals and Test Groups ................................................................................. 108
Surgical Infliction of Excision Wound ................................................................................... 109
Wound Treatment ................................................................................................................... 109
Data Collection and Analysis .................................................................................................. 109
Statistical Analysis .................................................................................................................. 110
RESULTS ........................................................................................................................................ 110
Phytochemical Constituents of Plant Extracts ........................................................................ 110
Wound Closure Effects of Plant Extracts ............................................................................... 111
Effects of Combined Extracts on Wound Healing Activities ................................................. 112
Wound Surface pH Profile ...................................................................................................... 113
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................. 113
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................... 116
CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION ................................................................................................ 116
CONFLICT OF INTEREST ......................................................................................................... 116
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ........................................................................................................... 116
REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 116
SUBJECT INDEX .................................................................................................................................... 119
i
PREFACE
Both Asia and Africa have many plants that can be used for medicinal purposes: these
medicinal plants are used in the treatment of many diseases and their uses and effects are of
growing interest in western societies. Medicinal plants from Asia and Africa are not only used
and chosen for their healing abilities, but also for a symbolic and spiritual meaning.
The importance of traditional autochthonous plant remedies plays a crucial role in the health
of millions of people both in Asia and in Africa. Even today, traditional medicine represents
the dominant medical system for millions of people showing a significant impact on health
care practices. Therefore, traditional operators still represent a vital part of their health
system. For this reason, even the pharmaceutical industries consider traditional medicine as a
source for the identification of bioactive agents that can be used in the preparation of
synthetic drugs.
This book will guide you to discover new natural products from Asia and Africa and the
different ways to use them to treat or alleviate many of the most common diseases.
Anna Capasso
Department of Pharmacy
University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano SA
Italy