Table Of ContentBiological Trace Element Research
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In Biological Trace Element Research; Subramanian, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
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In Biological Trace Element Research; Subramanian, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 445
Biological Trace Element Research
Multidisciplinary Perspectives
K.S. Subramanian, EDITOR
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g 00 Health & Welfare, Canada
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acs.45.f G.V. Iyengar, EDITOR
http://pubs.bk-1991-04 National InstiKtu. tOe koaf mStoatno,d EaDrIdTOs Ra nd Technology, U.S.
1, 2012 | 10.1021/ National Institute of Environmental Studies, Japan
August 1 | doi:
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American Chemical Society, Washington, DC 1991
In Biological Trace Element Research; Subramanian, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Biological trace element research: multidisciplinary perspectives/
K. S. Subramanian, editor G. V. Iyengar, editor K. Okamoto, editor
Developed from a symposium sponsored by the International
Chemical Congress of Pacific Basin Societies, Honolulu, Hawaii,
December 17-22, 1989.
p. cm.—(ACS Symposium Series, 0097-6156; 445).
Includes bibliographical references and indexes.
1 ISBN 0-8412-1888-9
g 00 1. Trace elements—Research—Methodology—Congresses.
orw
acs.45.f I. Subramanian, K. S., 1944- . II. Iyengar, G. V. (Govindaraja V.)
http://pubs.bk-1991-04 6BQII1aIP2.s5 'i.On30 41kS.5aBo2mc54i6o—e3ttoi de,cs K1 2(901e9 9n18s a9k: uH. oInVol.u Ilnut,e Hrnaawtiaoini)a l9 VC0.- hS2e0emr7ii7ecs2a l Congress of Pacific
1, 2012 | 10.1021/ CIP
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n 99 Z39.48-1984.
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In Biological Trace Element Research; Subramanian, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
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In Biological Trace Element Research; Subramanian, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
Foreword
THE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES was founded in 1974 to provide
a medium for publishing symposia quickly in book form. The
format of the Series parallels that of the continuing ADVANCES
IN CHEMISTRY SERIES except that, in order to save time, the
papers are not typeset, but are reproduced as they are submit
1
g 00 ted by the authors in camera-ready form. Papers are reviewed
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In Biological Trace Element Research; Subramanian, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
Preface
CHEMICAL ELEMENTS AS ESSENTIAL CONSTITUENTS sustain life
processes, but they can also be toxic components that hinder normal
metabolic events. The study of these roles has generated a large body of
analytical data. However, as many of us have now realized, a significant
portion of the existing analytical results is of questionable value and in
1
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p9 Many laboratories have recognized the indispensable role of reference
http://bk-19 materials as quality markers of analytical results. Through the use of
2 | 21/ reference materials and good laboratory practices, these laboratories have
0110 been trying to improve their analytical performance. These measures,
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on 199 not only the analytical component, but also the biological component
4.136 er 26, (especially presampling factors).
3b A well-planned biological trace element study requires total quality
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d bDat interpretation. In other words, we need a multidisciplinary approach.
den Dr. Iyengar has cogently handled this part in Chapter 1 by cautioning,
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Both analysts and life scientists recognize that the key to the develop
ment of a reliable data base for the elemental content and speciation of
biological systems lies in an interdisciplinary strategy involving: (1) an
understanding of the biological basis of the problem, (2) developments in
bioanalytical concepts, (3) a controlled-environment approach for meta
bolic studies, (4) preparation of well-defined protocols, (5) procurement
of valid samples, (6) use of appropriate analytical techniques and pro
cedures, and (7) analytical quality assurance.
In the symposium upon which this book is based, we sought to address
these concerns by bringing together experts from the fields of analytical
chemistry, biochemistry, biophysics, biostatistics, medicine, and nutrition.
The speakers came from Asia, Canada, Europe, and the United States.
Although our intention was to achieve a comprehensive multidisciplinary
In Biological Trace Element Research; Subramanian, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
gathering, we feel that we made only a modest beginning. However, the
mix of review papers, original research manuscripts, and reports of new
work presented in this book best reflect the current state of the subject.
The opportunity to publish such diverse material in a single place is par
ticularly welcome, for much would have been lost if the information
presented here had been broken into sections appropriate for specialized
journals. The interdisciplinary nature of this book should make it valu
able to scientists and clinicians in the areas of analytical chemistry,
biochemistry, clinical chemistry, medicine, and nutrition.
Much remains to be done. The multidisciplinary approach to solving
biological trace element problems is exciting as well as challenging. We
hope that the readers will find this book interesting and useful in their
many and varied quests involving trace element analytical chemistry of
biological systems.
1
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In Biological Trace Element Research; Subramanian, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
Chapter 1
The Need for Multidisciplinary Approaches
in Biological Trace Element Research
G. V. Iyengar
National Institute of Standards and Technology, Reactor Building 235,
B125, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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2 | 21/ analytical awareness. Quite frequently, the
0110 complexities involved here necessitate the
on August 1, 21991 | doi: 10. mutasep seceee hcctnoiionafim gql uabd eitnvsih.faa eftr iiicoeFnurtoy elr tq iuooeifsfer xesamccmsaieenpenv nlteesbt,r ieaf iloc vsf o imstauaaena l ealino"lzytftes otd it acatnhialn"dle
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DPu interactions is a crucial component in any
BTER endeavor.
"The lack of a multidisciplinary approach has been the
Achilles heel of biological trace element research" (1).
Although a large body of data exists for most trace
elements in biological media, in many cases they are of
limited use because of inherent inaccuracies (1,2). This
has generated a lot of skepticism among biological trace
element researchers. Primarily, the variations in
analytical findings that still are prevalent can be linked
to several pitfalls that have failed to receive adequate
attention by trace element investigators. Therefore, first
O097-6156/91/0445-O001$06.00/0
© 1991 American Chemical Society
In Biological Trace Element Research; Subramanian, K., et al.;
ACS Symposium Series; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 1991.
