Table Of ContentBiological Time, Historical Time
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Faux Titre
Études de langue et littérature françaises
Sous la direction de / Edited by
Keith Busby
Sjef Houppermans
Paul Pelckmans
Alexander Roose
VOLUME 431
The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/faux
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Biological Time,
Historical Time
Transfers and Transformations in
19th Century Literature
Edited by
Niklas Bender
Gisèle Séginger
LEIDEN | BOSTON
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Cover illustration: Tree cloud of the 50 most frequent words in the chapters of this book, excluding
bibliographies and removing stop words, built with TreeCloud and SplitsTree by Philippe Gambette.
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ISSN 0167-9392
ISBN 978-90-04-38137-7 (hardback)
ISBN 978-90-04-38516-0 (e-book)
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Contents
The Authors ix
Introduction 1
Niklas Bender and Gisèle Séginger
Part 1
Rethinking the Order of Time
From Biblical Time to Darwinian Time: Discourses on the Living World in the
18th and 19th Centuries 13
Pascal Duris
Memory Strata, Geology and Change of Historical Paradigm in France
around 1830 29
Paule Petitier
Devilish Words: Pierre Boitard, “maître Georges” and the Advance
of Nature 45
Claude Blanckaert
From Biological Time to Historical Time: the Category of “Development”
(Entwicklung) in the Historical Thought of Herder, Kant, Hegel,
and Marx 61
Christophe Bouton
“O man! wilt thou never conceive that thou art but an ephemeron?”:
the Reception of Geological Deep Time in the Late 18th Century 77
David Schulz
Part 2
Atavism and Heredity
The Law of Progress, Atavism, and Prehistory in the Belle Époque 95
Arnaud Hurel
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vi Contents
Nietzsche, or Culture Put to the Test at the Timescale of Heredity 111
Emmanuel Salanskis
Zola, Hereditability of Character and Hereditability of Deviation: after a
Remark by Bergson in L’Évolution Créatrice 123
Arnaud François
Life, Sex and Temporality in Zola’s La Faute de l’Abbé Mouret 140
Rudolf Behrens
Part 3
Nature and Culture
Time of History and Time of Nature in the Historical Novels of
Victor Hugo 157
Niklas Bender
Historical Time, Cultural Time, and Biological Time in Baudelaire 180
Thomas Klinkert
Evolution and Time in the Chants de Maldoror 196
Frank Jäger
Memory of the Body in Proust: Historical Time and Biological Time 207
Edward Bizub
Part 4
Poetics of Time
The Poetics of Restored Time: Balzac, His Age and the Figure of Cuvier 223
Hugues Marchal
The Evolution of Social Species in Balzac’s Comédie humaine 241
Sandra Collet
Time as Imagined in the Evolutionary Epic 258
Nicolas Wanlin
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Contents vii
Evolutionism and Successivity in Antediluviana, Poème géologique by
Ernest Cotty (1876) 279
Yohann Ringuedé
End of the World, End of Time: the Theory of Evolution and Its Fate in the
Novel of Anticipation 294
Claire Barel-Moisan
A Biologist Literary History: August Wilhelm Schlegel and the Franco-German
Natural Sciences 312
Stefan Knödler
Part 5
Biology and Ideology
Evolutionary Time and Revolutionary Time (Michelet, Flaubert, Zola) 327
Juliette Azoulai
Michelet and La Mer: Biology and the Philosophy of History 343
Gisèle Séginger
“Il faut manger et être mangé pour que le monde vive”: the Zolian Belly
amidst Evolution, Revolution, and Convolutions 359
Carine Goutaland
Gobineau’s Heroes Are Ageless 374
Pierre-Louis Rey
Darwinus anarchistus explodens: Science and the Legend of the Struggle for
Life (Louise Michel) 389
Claude Rétat
Index 407
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The Authors
Note: abbreviations are explained in the first occurrence.
Many contributors were part of the research programme “Biolographes”, co-
financed by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinshaft (DFG) and the ANR, directed
by Thomas Klinkert and Gisèle Séginger, from 2014 to 2018. Members: Juliette
Azoulai, Claire Barel-Moisan, Rudolf Behrens, Niklas Bender, Frank Jäger,
Hugues Marchal, Yohann Ringuédé, Nicolas Wanlin. Associated researchers:
Claude Blanckart, Pascal Duris, Claude Rétat.
Juliette Azoulai
Maître de conférences in French Litterature at the University of Paris-Est
Marne la Vallée, LISAA (LIttérature, SAvoirs et Arts) EA4120.
Claire Barel-Moisan
is Researcher at the French National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS)
at the École Normale Supérieure (Lyon) and teaches at Middlebury College
(Vermont). Her research focuses on sciences in the French novel and in the
press (19th and 20th century). She is PI of the research programm Anticipation,
financed by the ANR (Agence nationale de la recherche), which analyses an-
ticipation novels (http://anranticip.hypotheses.org/)
Rudolf Behrens
is emeritus Professor for Romance Literatures at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum
(French and Italian). His main fields of research are literary anthropology, 16th
and 17th century theatre, the history of rhetoric, and the modern novel.
Niklas Bender
is substitute Professor for Romance Literatures at Trier University (French and
Italian). His works focus on literature and scientific knowledge, comic, laugh-
ter and anthropology.
Edward Bizub
has taught Comparative Literature in Geneva and Lausanne. He is the author
of two books on Proust (La Baconnière, 1991; Droz, 2006) and of a book on
Beckett and Descartes (Classiques Garnier, 2012).
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x The Authors
Claude Blanckaert
Director of research (first class) at the CNRS (Centre Alexandre Koyré), is a
historian of the human and natural sciences, as well as their relation, from the
18th century until today.
Christophe Bouton
former Fellow of the Institut Universitaire de France (2008–2013), is full
Professor of Philosophy at the University Bordeaux Montaigne (Philosophy
Department).
Sandra Collet
teaches at the University of Paris-Est Marne la Vallée and is member of the
LISAA. Her research is focussed on Balzac and more generally on the relation-
ship between literature and scientific knowledge in the 19th century.
Pascal Duris
is full Professor of Epistomology and the History of Sciences at the University
Bordeaux; he has published on Linnaeus, the history of life sciences and the
impact of science on cultural debate.
Arnaud François
is full Professor of Philosophy at the University of Poitiers. He has published on
Bergson, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, and the history of health.
Carine Goutaland
is teaching at the Institut national des sciences appliquées (INSA) of Lyon
and member of the UMR (= Unité mixte de recherche, “Mixed research unit”)
Institut d’Histoire des Représentations et des Idées dans les Modernités
(IHRIM) 5317. She has recently published her doctoral thesis on the role of ali-
mentation in French naturalist fiction (De régals en degoûts—Le naturalisme
à table, 2017).
Arnaud Hurel
is Researcher in the department Homme et Environnement (UMR 7194) of the
Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (Paris) and associated Researcher of the
Centre Koyré in history of science (UMR 8560).
Frank Jäger
is a postdoctoral research fellow affiliated to the department of Romance
Languages at the University of Freiburg (Germany) and the University of
Zurich (Switzerland).
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