Table Of ContentBIOLOGICAL NITROGEN FIXATION ASSOCIAT ED
WITH RICE PRODUCTION
Developments in Plant and Soil Sciences
Volume 70
Biological Nitrogen Fixation
Associated with Rice Production
Based on selected papers presented in the International
Symposium on Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated
with Rice, Dhaka, Bangladesh,
28 November - 2 December, 1994.
Co-ordinating editor
Mustafizur RAHMAN
Department of Soll Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Editors
Ajit Kumar PODDER
BINA, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
Charles VAN HOVE
Laboratory ofPlant Biology, Catholic University ofLouvain, Belgium
Z.N. Tahmida BEGUM
Department ofBotany, University ofDhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Thierry HEULIN
Director of Research, CNRS, CENCadarache, France
Anton HARTMANN
GSF-Institute of Soil Ecology, Neuherberg, Germany
"
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A c.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 978-90-481-4742-7 ISBN 978-94-015-8670-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-8670-2
Printed on acidjree paper
All Rights Reserved
© 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1996
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1996
No part ofthe material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or
utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and
retrieval system, without prior permission from the copyright owner.
Contents
Foreword ix
Preface xi
List of Contributors xiii
Introduction: Some comments about a better use of biological nitrogen
fixation in rice cultivation
J. Balandreau and P. Roger
SECTIONI
Rhizobia-Iegume symbiosis, green manuring crops and rice soils
1. Rhizobial biofertilizers: the most promising BNF technology
for increased grain legume production in Bangladesh 15
M.A. Sattar, A.K. Podder and M.e. Chanda
2. Effect of heavy metals on legume-Rhizobium symbiosis 21
S.e. Pal
3. Effect of straw incorporation on soil N-pool in submerged rice 31
L. Van Holm, G. Senviratne, e. Puype, S. Bowatte and
U. Ratnayake
4. The use of organie residues in increasing crop production in
a wheat-mungbean-T. Aman cropping system on red-brown
terrace soils 43
Delowara Khanam, Md Hasan Hajizur Rahman,
Md Asadul Haque Bhuiyan, Md Zaherul Islam and
A.K.M. Hossain
5. Leguminous green manures in rice-based cropping systems 49
Mathias Hecker
6. Use of green manuring crops in rice fields for sustainable
production in Bangladesh agriculture 51
N.I. Bhuiyan and S.K. Zaman
v
vi Contents
7. Prospect of dhaincha (Sesbania rostrata) intercropping with
T. Aus in a T. Aus-T. Aman cropping pattern 65
S.K. Zaman, A T.M.A Choudhury and N.I. Bhuiyan
8. Pedology of the rice soils of Bangladesh 71
S.M. Saheed and M.S. Hussain
SECTIONII
Azolla-Anabaena association
9. Does Azolla have any future in agriculture? 83
C. Van Hove and A Lejeune
10. Utilization of Azolla in rice production in West Africa:
potentials and constraints 95
V.N.Nguyen
11. Cultivation and uses of Azolla in Egypt 105
AA El-Bassel and I.M. Ghazi
12. Estirnation of nitrogen fixation in Azolla-rice association
using 15N isotope dilution 109
Y.G.M. Galal
SECTIONIII
Blue-green algae (cyanobacteria)
13. Prospect and potentiality of cyanobacteria as an alternative
source of nitrogen fertilizer in Bangladesh rice cultivation 119
ZN. T. Begum, R. Mandal, Zahed U.M. Khan and M.Z Hossain
14. Contribution of cyanobacterization to rice growth and
performance under different field stand densities and levels of
combined nitrogen 133
Y.G. Yanni
15. Ecological aspects of cyanobacteria from the rice fields of
Corrientes (Argentina) 141
Carlos Prosperi, Stella M. Pons and Eugenia Maggi
16. Contribution ofbiological nitrogen fixation to rice production
in a Mediterranean rice field 147
E. Femdndez Valiente, A. Quesada, M. Nieva, F. Leganes,
C. Prosperi, M. Mart(n Trillo, R. Carreres and R. Gonzdlez Tome
Contents vii
17. Enrichment of indigenous blue-green algal population in rice
fields and evaluation of its effect in rice culture 159
M.A. Hashem, M.R. Islam, M. Jahiruddin and M. Asaduzzaman
SECTIONIV
Rice root-associated soll microftora
18. Abundance and isolation ofnitrogen-fixing bacteria from the
major rice soils of Bangladesh 171
Mustajizur Rahman, Thierry Heulin and Jacques Balandreau
19. Burkholderia vietnamiensis, a new nitrogen-fixing species
associated with rice roots, isolated from an acid sulphate soil in
Vietnam: plant-growth-promoting effects on rice 181
V. Tran Van, P. Mavingui, O. Berge, J. Balandreau and T. Heulin
20. Specificity of root colonization by symplasmata-forming
Pantoea agglomerans 191
W. Achouak, G. Villemin, J. Balandreau and T. Heulin
21. Nitrogen fixation by Azospirillum brasilense isolated from rice
fields of Bangladesh 203
Zahed U.M. Khan and M.A. Akond
SECTIONV
Applicaöon of biotechnology in rice culture
22. Biotechnological aspects of diazotrophic bacteria associated
with rice 211
Anton Hartmann
23. Azospirillum phylogeny based on 16S rRNA sequences 225
Rene Bally, Mahbubul Kabir, Mustajizur Rahman,
Jacqueline Haurat and Philippe Normand
24. Increased growth and yield of rice by treating seeds and spraying
plants with non-nitrogen-fixing bacteria 231
Tang Wen-hua, Mei Ru-hong, Zhang Shou-an, Wang Yi-min,
Gu Pei-lao, Gong Jian-guo and Zhang Xin-de
Tide of papers published in the symposium abstract 243
Foreword
This book contains scientific contributions presented at the International Symposium
on Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice, in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from
November 28 to December 2, 1994, the importance of which was underlined by the
presence of the Prime Minister of the Republic of Bangladesh as weIl as other
officials of the Government and further distinguished guests, and in which the
undersigned took part.
It is therefore a great pleasure to accept the invitation of the members of the
organizing committee as weIl as the editors of this book to develop some thoughts
about this topic in the form of a foreword.
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) in agriculture is broadly based on nodule
forming rhizobia-Iegume symbiosis. As rice plants do not possess genes for nodule
formation and therefore depend on nitrogen from chemical fertilizers and other
sourees, ways of producing nitrogen biologically in rice ecosystems are very import
ant, due to the fact that in countries of the developing world nitrogen fertilizers are
not always available, or at least only to a limited extent. Therefore, it is important to
investigate the dynarnics of nitrogen cycling in terrestrial and aquatic systems and to
look into methods of delivering nitrogen to rice plants through biological fixation.
The content of this book allows some insight into a rapidly developing research
area, reaching from field observations to the application of biotechnology, and
shows at the same time the state of the art in this subject, based on important work
carried out in different parts of the world.
Therefore, I agree with the editors' statement, which underlines that this book
should provide a comprehensive summary of current research in the field of
biological nitrogen fixation associated with rice cropping. Furthermore, the contri
butions also focus on areas which deserve intensive further research for the under
standing of nitrogen fixation in these agricultural ecosystems, thus stimulating and
inviting new generations of scientists to dedicate their work to the complex prob
lems of nitrogen fixation in tropical and sub-tropical soils.
I am convinced that this book will contribute to these aims and will interest a
broad scientific public and therefore I congratulate the editors on the publication of
this very interesting insight into new scientific highlights related to biological nitro
gen fixation associated with rice production.
Prof. Dr. Winfried E.H. BLUM
Secretary-General
International Society 0/ Soil Science (ISSS)
Universität für Bodenkultur, Vienna, Austria
ix
Preface
This book is based on selected papers presented in the international symposium on
Biological Nitrogen Fixation Associated with Rice which was held on November 28 -
December 2, 1994, in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The symposium was based on the sympo
sium organized by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines, in
1979 and in 1988 at the Central Rice Research Institute in Cuttack, India.
The combination of nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia through biological
means is known as biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). Biological nitrogen fixation
is important in rice farrning systems because it is an inexpensive source of nitrogen
for higher rice yields. Increased use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides con
tributes to the degradation of the environment and health hazards. This symposium
discussed ways and means for the maintenance of a pollution-free soil environment.
The symposium was conducted in six sessions concentrating on (i) rhizobia
legume symbiosis, (ii) green manuring crops in rice fields, (iü) rice root associated
soil microflora, (iv) application of biotechnology in rice culture, (v) azolla-anaebia
association and (vi) blue-green algae. A keynote speech was delivered by Prof.
Dr. J. Balandreau, CNRS, France. After that, a session was dedicated to the memory
of the late Dr. J.M. Day, a renowned scientist in this field. The content of this book
is arranged on the basis of the above six sessions in five chapters. We hope each
chapter of this book will interest both the novice and expert. Furthermore, we hope
that this book will serve an important role in exciting a new generation of
researchers into pursuing the multitude of important problems in nitrogen fixation
still awaiting resolution.
The compilation of manuscripts and the editoral assistance provided by Mr.
A.S.M. Mohiuddin is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks go to all chair
persons of the sessions and the contributing authors. Financial assistance from
CSC, DANIDA, Netherlands Ministry for Development Co-operationIDGIS,
SIEMENS, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, as weIl as from numerous local and inter
national agencies, towards publication of this book is gratefully acknowledged.
Lastly, our thanks to the readers, whose interest and enthusiasm for biological
nitrogen fixation are so critical to the continuing growth and development of this
important area.
Mustafizur Rahman
xi
List of Contributors
Achouak, W., LEMIRIDEVM, UMR 163 CNRS-CEA, CEA Cadarache, 13108
Saint Paullez Durance, France
Akond, M.A., Department of Botany, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka,
Bangladesh
Asaduzzaman, M., Department of Soi! Science, Bangladesh Agricultural
University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
Balandreau, J., Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne du Sol, Universite Claude
Bernard Lyon-I, Villeurbanne, France .
Bally, R., Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne du Sol, Universite Claude Bernard
Lyon-I, France
Becker, M., West Africa Rice Development Association (WARDA), BP 2551,
Bouake, Cote d'Ivoire
Begum, Z.N.T., Department ofBotany, University ofDhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Berge, 0., LEMIRJDEVM, UMR 163 CNRS-CEA, CEA Cadarache, 13108 Saint
Paullez Durance, France
Bhuiyan, Md Asadul Haque, Soil Microbiology Laboratory, BARI, Joydebpur,
Gazipur, Bangladesh
Bhuiyan, N.I., Soil Chemistry Division, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute,
Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
Bowatte, S., Biological Nitrogen Fixation Project, Institute of Fundamental
Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka
Carreres, R., Dpto. deI Arroz, Institut Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias,
Succa, 46410 Valencia, Spain
Chanda, M.C., Soil Microbiology Laboratory, Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear
Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
Choudhury, A.T.M.A., Soi! Science Division, Bangladesh Rice Research
Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh
EI-Bassel, A.A., Microbiology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum,
Egypt
xiii
