Biological Markers in Psychiatry and Neurology. Proceedings of a Conference Held at the Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans, on May 8–10, 1981

514 Pages·1982·27.44 MB·English

by  Earl Usdin and Israel Hanin (Eds.)

Other Pergamon publications of relevant interest
HANIN & USDIN
Animal Models in Psychiatry and Neurology
BIOLOGICAL MARKERS
IN PSYCHIATRY
AND NEUROLOGY
Proceedings of a Conference held at
the Ochsner Clinic, New Orleans on May 8-10, 1981
Edited by
EARL USDIN
and
ISRAEL HANIN
PERGAMON PRESS
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Copyright © 1982 Pergamon Press Ltd.
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First edition 1982
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Biological markers in psychiatry & neurology.
1. Mental illness—Psychological aspects—
Congresses
I. Usdin, Earl II. Hanin, Israel
616.89Ό7 RC445.4.B5
ISBN 0-08-027987-2
In order to make this volume available as economically and
as rapidly as possible the authors' typescripts have been
reproduced in their original forms. This method
unfortunately has its typographical limitations but it is hoped
that they in no way distract the reader.
Printed in Great Britain by A. Wheaton & Co. Ltd., Exeter
FOREWORD
The recent burgeoning of interest in biological correlates of psychiatry and
neurology has increased the sphere and scope of research in these two vital areas.
As a result, considerable effort has been exerted in the application of principles
inherent in allied fields towards the development of measurable and quantifiable
indices - biological markers - of various psychiatric and neurological disease
states. The availability of reliable markers should be invaluable in the diagno­
sis, as well as the prediction of therapeutic choice and, possibly, clinical out­
come in certain categories of psychiatric and neurological illness.
We felt that it would be useful to assemble various investigators who are
involved in the development of biological markers in psychiatry and neurology. By
providing a mechanism for exchange of ideas and information pertinent to this sub­
ject area, a productive dialogue could develop, which would advance research as
well as stimulate new ideas and constructive collaborative efforts. This was the
rationale for a conference dedicated to the concept of Biological Markers in Psy­
chiatry and Neurology.
This volume constitutes the proceedings of such a Conference, held in New
Orleans on May 8-10, 1981. In a sense, it is a sequel to the Conference on Ani­
mal Models in Psychiatry and Neurology, held at the National Institute of Mental
Health in 1977. Of course, there is a broadening of coverage between animal
models and biological markers; in addition, there have been further developments
in this field in the intervening years. The meeting was held on the selected
dates and site since many of the participants also planned to attend the annual
American Psychiatric Association meeting the following week in New Orleans.
Why was the meeting held at the Ochsner Clinic? Among other reasons, the
Ochsner Clinic is located close to downtown New Orleans (site of the APA meeting)
-so that it was convenient, but it was still sufficiently distant so that partici­
pants had minimal temptation to wander off during the sessions. But much more
pertinent was the interest of the Ochsner Clinic (particularly the Department of
Psychiatry) in hosting the Conference on Biological Markers. While the surgical
services of the Clinic have an international reputation, the psychiatry services
are relatively newly established, but strong and getting stronger. We are most
appreciative for the help and cooperation of Dr. Rudolph Ehrensing, Director of
the Ochsner Clinic Department of Psychiatry, and to his associate, Gary Michel!.
While attempting to be comprehensive, it is inevitable that some topics were
not included in the Conference and in this book. Moreover, it is also inevitable
that some investigators actively involved in the development and study of biologi­
cal markers in psychiatry and neurology were not included as participants in this
conference due to constraints of time and other commitments. We hope, neverthe­
less j that this book will provide a good representation of the current state of
the area in Biological Markers in Psychiatry and Neurology.
We should like to acknowledge with thanks the support provided by the
following:
American Cyanamid Company, Burroughs Well come Company, McNeil Laboratories,
Merck and Company, Pennwalt Corporation, Pergamon Press, Pfizer Pharmaceuticals,
Inc., Sandoz, G. D. Searle and Company, and Smith Kline Corporation.
The meeting could not have been organized without the aid and assistance of
a number of individuals at the University of Pittsburgh (Dr. Thomas P. Detre,
VI Foreword
Ms. Carol Kaufman, Mr. Jeffrey Masnick, and Ms. Jill Heatley)and at the National
Institute of Mental Health (Ms. Ellen Perella).
The quintessence of discussions after the individual talks as well as in the
general discussion periods at the end of each session were summarized by a team of
superlative reporters: William T. McKinney, Earl L, Giller, Alan G. Mallinger,
Larry J. Siever, John F. Greden, and David E. Comings. Their notes were used as
the basis for the discussion summaries contained in this volume. They deserve
thanks for getting down so much, in so little time, so well. We should also like
to thank Dr. Arnold Mandel 1 for preparing a summary of the meeting - rapidly and
in his distinctive style.
We thank the evenhanded but firm chairmen of the various sessions: Herbert Y.
Meltzer, Stephen H. Koslow, Joseph J. Schildkraut, David L. Dünner, David L, Garver,
and Joseph Zubin, who saw to it that the Conference proceeded on schedule.
Last, but certainly not least, we express much thanks to the participants.
July, 1981 Earl Usdin . Israel Hanin
Arlington, VA. ana Pittsburgh, PA.
LIST OF PARTICIPANTS
Creed W. Abel 1, Ph.D John M. Davis, MD
Division Of Biochemistry Illinois State Psychiatric Institute
The University of Texas Medical Branch 1601 West Taylor Street
Galveston, Texas 77550 Chicago, Illinois 60612
Raymond F. Anton, MD Lynn E. Deli si, MD
2 Barnacle Row Adult Psychiatry Branch
Isle of Palms, South Carolina 29451 National Institute of Mental Health
Saint Elizabeths Hospital
John P. Blass, MD, Ph.D Washington, District of Columbia 20032
Department of Neurology
Cornell University Medical College J. Patrick Duffy, MD
Burke Rehabilitation Center University Hospitals
White Plains, New York 10605 Cleveland, Ohio 44106
Malcolm B. Bowers, Jr., MD David L. Dunner, MD
Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacol Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral
Yale University School of Medicine Sciences; and University of Washington
New Haven, Connecticut 06519 Seattle, Washington
Peter Brown, MD Rudolph H. Ehrensing, MD
McMaster University Department of Psychology
Department of Psychiatry Ochsner Clinic
Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton 1514 Jefferson Highway
Ontario, Canada L8S 4J9 New Orleans, Louisiana 70121
Monte S. Buchsbaum, MD Irl Extein, MD
NIMH Clinical Center Fair Oaks Hospital
2N216 19 Prospect Street
Bethesda, Maryland 20205 Summit, New Jersey 07901
Robert Cancro, MD Michael Feinberg, MD, Ph.D
New York University Medical Center Mental Health Research Institute
550 First Avenue 205 Washtenaw Place
New York, New York 10016 Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109
David E. Comings, MD Joseph C. Finney, MD
City of Hope National Medical Center 2160 South First Avenue
Duarte, California 91010 Maywood, Illinois 60153
William H. Corye11, MD Donald T. Fullerton, MD
University of Iowa 5905 Hempstead Road
Department of Psychiatry Madison, Wisconsin 53711
College of Medicine
500 Newton Road Richard K. Gaines, MD
Iowa City, Iowa 52242 Scott and White Clinic
Temple, Texas 76508
Robert D. Coursey, Ph.D
Psychology Department David L. Garver, MD
University of Maryland Department of Psychiatry
College Park, Maryland 20742 University of Cincinnati College of
Medicine
Cincinnati, Ohio 45276
Xll List of Participants
David Gilder, MD David S. Janowsky, MD
Department of Psychiatry M-003 Departments of Psychiatry, San Diego
University of California At San Diego VAMC and University of California
La Jolla, California 92093 San Diego, School of Medicine
La Jolla, California 92161
Earl L. Giller, MD, Ph.D
West Haven VA MC Craig Neal Karson, MD
West Haven, Connecticut 06516 and Adult Psychiatry Branch, NIMH
Yale University School of Medicine Saint Elizabeths Hospital
New Haven, Connecticut 06519 Washington, District of Columbia 20032
Donald W. Goodwin, MD Kenneth K. Kidd, Ph.D
Department of Psychiatry Department of Human Genetics
University of Kansas Medical Center Yale University School of Medicine
Kansas City, Kansas 64113 New Haven, Connecticut 06510
John F. Greden, MD Joel E. Kleinman, MD
Department of Psychiatry, N 5737 Adult Psychiatry Branch, NIMH
University of Michigan Medical Center Saint Elizabeths Hospital
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Washington, District of Columbia 20032
Israel Hanin, Ph.D Stephen H. Koslow, Ph.D
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic National Institute of Mental Health
University of Pittsburgh School of 5600 Fishers Lane - Room 10C-23
Medicine, Department of Psychiatry Rockville, Maryland 20857
3811 O'Hara Street
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 David J. Kupfer, MD
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic
Fritz A. Henn, MD, Ph.D University of Pittsburgh School of
University of Iowa Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry 3811 O'Hara Street
College of Medicine Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
500 Newton Road
Iowa City, Iowa 52242 Alfred J. Lewy, MD, Ph.D
Department of Psychiatry
Emery S. Hetrick, MD University of Oregon
Pfizer Pharmaceuticals Health Sciences Center
235 East 42nd Street Portland, Oregon 97201
New York, New York 10017
Peter T. Loosen, MD
Jack Hirschowitz, MD Department of Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina School of
University of Cincinnati Medicine
College o^ Medicine Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514
Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
Thomas Lowe, MD
Robert; J. Hitzemann, MD 13705 Wilkes Drive
Laboratory of Psychobiology Tampa, Florida 33618
Departments of Psychiatry and
Pharmacology and Cell Biophysics Daniel J. Luchins, MD
University of Cincinnati College of Adult Psychiatry Branch, NIMH
Medicine Saint Elizabeths Hospital
231 Bethesda Avenue Washington, District of Columbia 20032
Cincinnati, Ohio 45267
List of Participants Xlll
Leslie F. Major, MD David G. Ostrow, MD, Ph.D
59 West End Avenue Biological Psychiatry Programs
Binghamton, New York 13905 Veterans Administration Lakeside
Medical Center and Northwestern
Alan G. Mallinger, MD University Medical School
University of Pittsburgh School of Chicago, Illinois 60611
Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic Steven M. Paul, MD
3811 O'Hara Street Clinical Psychobiology Branch, NIMH
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261 Bethesda, Maryland
Paul J. Manberg, Ph.D Steven G. Potkin,MD
Burroughs Well come Company Adult Psychiatry Branch, NIMH
Research Triangle Park, North Carolina Saint Elizabeths Hospital
27709 Washington, District of Columbia 20032
Arnold J. Mandel1, MD Samuel Craig Risen, MD
Department of Psychiatry Clinical Neuopharmacology Branch
University of California, San Diego NIMH, NIH, 10/3D41
La Jolla, California 92093 Bethesda, Maryland 20205
Clyde B. Mathura, MD Ralph S. Ryback, MD
Department of Psychiatry Laboratory of Clinical Studies
Howard University Hospital National Institute on Alcohol Abuse
Washington, District of Columbia 20060 and Alcoholism
12501 Washington Avenue
William T. McKinney, Jr., MD Rockville, Maryland 20852
Department of Psychiatry
Wisconsin Psychiatric Research Institute Charles B. Schaffer, MD
and Primate Laboratory 561 Pico Way
University of Wisconsin-Madison Sacramento, California 95819
Madison, Wisconsin
Joseph J. Schildkraut, MD
Herbert Y. Meltzer, MD Department of Psychiatry
Department of Psychiatry Harvard Medical School
University of Chicago Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Pritzker School of Medicine
Chicago, Illinois 60637 Marc A. Schuckit, MD
Alcohol Treatment Program
John M. Mori hisa, MD Veterans Administration Medical Center
Adult Psychiatry Branch; NIMH 3350 La Jolla Village Drive
Saint Elizabeths Hospital San Diego, California 92161; and
Washington, District of Columbia 20032 Department of Psychiatry
University of California, San Diego
ilejmis L Murphy,, Sc.M., MD La Jolla, California 92093
Chief Clinical Neuropharmacploqy Branch
A
NIMH Philip Seeman, MD
Nm Clinical Center 32 Parkwood Avenue
10-3S 299 Toronto, Canada M4V 2X1
Bethesda, Maryland 20014
Larry J. Siever, MD
Alexander Nies, MD Clinical Neuropharmacology Branch
Psychiatry Service (116), Veterans NIMH, NIH
Administration Medical Center Bethesda, Maryland 20205
Newington, Connecticut 06111
XIV List of Participants
Natraj Sitaram, MD Kenneth J. Weiss, MD
Affective Disorders Unit 414 Main Building
Lafayette Clinic and Wayne State Thomas Jefferson University Hospital
University Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19107
951 East Lafayette
Detroit, Michigan 48207 Gerhard Werner, MD
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic
Stuart R. Steinhauer, Ph.D University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
Biometrics Research, 151R Department of Psychiatry
Veterans Administration Medical Center Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
Highland Drive
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206 Kerrin L. White, MD
1934 Hospital Place
David C. U'Prichard, Ph.D Los Angeles, California 90033
Department of Pharmacology
Northwestern University Medical School Theodore P. Zahn, MD
Chicago, Illinois 60611 Laboratory of Psychology and
Psychopathology
Earl Usdin, Ph.D National Institute of Mental Health
2924 N. Oxford Street Bethesda, Maryland 20205
Arlington, Virginia 22207
Joseph Zubin, Ph.D
George M. Vaughan, MD Veterans Administration Medical Center
Institute of Surgical Research Highland Drive
Fort Sam Houston, Texas 78234 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15206
Daniel R. Weinberger
Adult Psychiatry Branch, NIMH
Saint Elizabeths Hospital
Washington, District of Columbia 20032
AA = alcohol preferring (rats) ERP = event-related potential(s)
AANB = α-amino-n-butyric acid
FA = fusaric acid
ACh = acetylcholine
FFT = fast Fourier transform
ACTH = corticotropin
FHN = family history negative
ADH = alcohol dehydrogenase
FHP = family history positive
ADTN = 6,7-dihydroxy-2-aminotetralin
FH-RDC = family history-Research Diagnostic
AEP = auditory-evoked potential
Criteria
AER = average evoked response
FPDD = familial pure depressive disease
A-I = Activation-Inhibition Scale
FSH = follicle stimulating hormone
AIR = average impairment rating
FTG = fastigial tegmental gigantocellular
AMP = adenosine monophosphate
(field)
AMPT = a-methyl-p-tyrosine
FTI = free thyroid index
ANA = alcohol avoiding (rats)
ANOVA = analysis of variance GABA = γ-aminobutyric acid
ANS = autonomic nervous system GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein
ATP = adenosine triphosphate GGNRM = uniform normal random number gen­
ATPase = adenosine triphosphatase erator
GGT = γ-glutamyl transferase
BAC = blood alcohol concentration
GGTP = γ-glutamyl transpeptidase
BEAM = brain electrical activity mapping
GH = growth hormone
BP = bipolar (depression)
Gpp(NH)p = guanylimidophosphate
BPRS = Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
GSR = galvanic skin response
CaM = calmodulin GTP = guanosine triphosphate
Ch = choline ot2H = o^receptor-high affinity
CNS = central nervous system
HAT = high accuracy tracking
CNV = contingent negative variation
HDRS = Hamilton Depression Rating Scale
COMT = catechol O-methyltransferase
hGH = human growth hormone
C/P = cholesterol/lipid-P ratio
5-HIAA = 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid
CPB = competitive protein binding (assay)
HLA = human leukocyte antigen
CPT = continuous performance task
HPA = hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocort-
CRU = Clinical Research Unit (of WPIC)
ical (system)
CSF = cerebrospinal fluid
HPL = hypothalamopineal pathway lesion
CSU = Clinical Studies Unit (U. of Mich.)
HPLC = high performance liquid chromatog-
CT = computerized (axial) tomography
raphy
CV = coefficient of variation
HR = heart rate
DA = dopamine 5-HT = serotonin
DBH = dopamine 3-hydroxylase HVA = homovanillic acid
DF = discriminant function
IMSL = International Mathematics Science
DHEC = dihydroergocryptine
Library
DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid
IR = infrared (recorder)
DOPA = dihydroxyphenylalanine
ITT = insulin tolerance test
DOPAC = dihydroxyphenylacetic acid
DSD = depression spectrum disease CX2L = ot2receptor-low affinity
DSM-III = Diagnostic and Statistical LAT = low accuracy tracking
Manual of Mental Disorders - 3rd Ed. LC = locus coeruleus
DST = dexamethasone suppression test LDH = lactate dehydrogenase
D.Z. = dizygotic (twins) LH = luteinizing hormone
Li = lithium (cation)
ECT = electroconvulsive (shock) therapy
LR = lithium ratio
ED = endogenous depression
EDTA = ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid MANOVA = multivariate ANOVA
EEG = electroencephalogram MAO = monoamine oxidase
EMG = electromyogram MCV = mean corpuscular volume
EOG = electrooculograph or_ electrooculo- MHPG = 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol
gram MIDAS = Michigan Interactive Data Analysis
EP = evoked potential System
EPI = epinephrine MIF-1 = prolyl-leucy-glycinamide
xv