Biological Invasions: Economic and Environmental Costs of Alien Plant,Animal,and Microbe Species

382 Pages·2002·9.97 MB·English

by  David Pimentel Ph.D.

BIOLOGICAL
INVASIONS
Economic and Environmental
Costs of Alien Plant, Animal,
and Microbe Species
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BIOLOGICAL
INVASIONS
Economic and Environmental
Costs of Alien Plant, Animal,
and Microbe Species
Edited by
David Pimentel, Ph.D.
Cornell University
Ithaca, New York
CRC PR ESS
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
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Senior Editor: John Sulzycki
Project Editor: Gail Renard
Production Manager: Pat Roberson
Marketing Manager: Nadja English
Cover Designer: Dawn Snider
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Biological invasions : economic and environmental costs of alien plant, animal, and
microbe species / edited by David Pimentel.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-0836-4 (alk. paper)
1. Biological invasions—Economic aspects. 2. Biological invasions—Environmental.
aspects. I. Pimentel, David, 1925–
QH353 .B57 20002
577′18—dc21 2002017489
CIP
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with
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Library of Congress Card Number 2002017489
Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0
Printed on acid-free paper
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About the Editor
David Pimentel, Ph.D., is Professor of Ecology, Evolutionary Biology, and Agricultural
Sciences in the Department of Entomology, the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary
Biology, and the Field of Natural Resources, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences,
Cornell University. Dr. Pimentel received his B.S. in 1948 from the University of Massa-
chusetts and his Ph.D. in 1951 from Cornell. From 1951 to 1954 he was chief of the Tropical
Research Laboratory, U.S. Public Health Service, San Juan, Puerto Rico. From 1954 to 1955
he was postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Chicago; 1960 to 1961, OEEC
Fellow at Oxford University (England); and 1961, research scholar at Massachusetts Insti-
tute of Technology. He was appointed assistant professor of insect ecology at Cornell
University in 1955 and associate professor in 1961. In 1963 he was appointed professor
and head of the Department of Entomology and Limnology. He served as head until 1969
when he returned to full-time research and teaching as professor of ecology and agricul-
tural sciences.
Nationally, he has served on numerous presidential commissions and National Acad-
emy of Sciences’ committees and boards, and several committees and boards of the U.S.
Department of Health, Education and Welfare, U.S. Department of Energy, U.S. Depart-
ment of Agriculture, U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment, and U.S. State
Department. He is currently president of the Rachel Carson Council and elected member
of the National Audubon Society and the American Institute of Biological Sciences.
His honors and achievements include: being a fellow at Oxford University (England);
delivering keynote addresses at numerous international and national scientific society
conferences; being appointed a Phi Beta Kappa visiting scholar; being appointed honorary
professor, Institute of Applied Ecology, China; receiving the Distinguished Service Award
from the Rural Sociology Society; serving on the board of directors, International Institute
of Ecological Economics, Royal Swedish Academy of Science; and serving as editor of
Journal of Environment, Development and Sustainability.
Dr. Pimentel has authored nearly 600 scientific publications, written two books, and
edited 20 others.
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Contributors
David Pimentel (Editor) Ken Winkel
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences Director, Australian Venom Research Unit
Cornell University Department of Pharmacology
Ithaca, New York University of Melbourne
Parkville, Victoria, Australia
Australia
Brazil
Mary Bomford
Bureau of Rural Sciences Murillo Lobo Junior
Canberra, Australia Embrapa Hortalicas
Brasilia, Brazil
Deon Canyon
Tropical Infectious and Parasitic Diseases British Isles
Unit
School of Public Health and Tropical
Stephen Harris
Medicine
School of Biological Sciences
James Cook University
University of Bristol
Townsville, Australia
England
Richard H. Groves
Piran C. L. White
CSIRO Plant Industry and CRC Weed
Environment Department
Management Systems
University of York
Canberra, Australia
England
Quentin Hart
Mark Williamson
Bureau of Rural Sciences
Department of Biology
Canberra, Australia
University of York
England
Ian Naumann
Agriculture, Fisheries and
India
Forestry–Australia
Canberra, Australia
Jaspal Kaur
Department of Plant Pathology
Rick Speare
Punjab Agricultural University
Tropical Infectious and Parasitic Diseases
Ludhiana, India
Unit
School of Public Health and Tropical
Rama S. Singh
Medicine
Department of Plant Pathology
James Cook University
Punjab Agricultural University
Townsville, Australia
Ludhiana, India
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New Zealand South Africa
Nigel D. Barlow M. H. Allsopp
Biocontrol and Biosecurity Group ARC–Plant Protection Research Institute
AgResearch Stellenbosch, South Africa
Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre
Lincoln, New Zealand J. F. Colville
University of Cape Town
M. N. Clout Cape Town, South Africa
Centre for Invasive Species Research
School of Biological Sciences C. L. Griffiths
Tamaki Campus University of Cape Town
University of Auckland Cape Town, South Africa
Auckland, New Zealand
D. Magadlela
Angus Cook Working for Water Program
Ecology and Health Research Centre Cape Town, South Africa
Department of Public Health
Wellington School of Medicine D. C. Le Maitre
Wellington, New Zealand CSIR Division of Water, Environment and
Foresty Technology
S. L. Goldson Stellenbosch, South Africa
Biocontrol and Biosecurity Group
AgResearch C. Marais
Canterbury Agriculture and Science Centre Working for Water Program
Lincoln, New Zealand Cape Town, South Africa
M. D. Picker
Susan Timmins
University of Cape Town
Department of Conservation
Cape Town, South Africa
Wellington, New Zealand
D. M. Richardson
Philip Weinstein
Institute for Plant Conservation
Ecology and Health Research Centre
Department of Botany
Department of Public Health
University of Cape Town
Wellington School of Medicine
Cape Town, South Africa
Wellington, New Zealand
B. W. van Wilgen
Peter A. Williams
CSIR Division of Water, Environment and
Landcare Research
Forestry Technology
Nelson, New Zealand
Stellenbosch, South Africa
Alistair Woodward United States
Ecology and Health Research Centre
Department of Public Health
T. Aquino
Wellington School of Medicine
Cornell University
Wellington, New Zealand
Ithaca, New York
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J. Janecka E. Wong
Cornell University Cornell University
Ithaca, New York Ithaca, New York
L. Russel
Yoonji Kim
Federal Way, WA
College of Agriculture and Life Sciences
Cornell University
C. Simmonds
Ithaca, New York
Wyndmoor, PA
Lori Lach
T. Tsomondo
Cornell University
Cornell University
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Ithaca, New York
Ithaca, New York
J. Wightman
Sarah McNair
Ithaca, New York
Utica, New York
J. Zern
Doug Morrison Cornell University
Cornell University Ithaca, New York
Environmental Toxicology
Ithaca, New York Rodolfo Zuniga
Cornell University
C. O’Connell Natural Resources
Holtsville, New York Ithaca, New York