Table Of ContentBiological Effects
and Dosimetry of
Static and ELF
Electromagnetic Fields
ETTORE MAJORANA INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE SERIES
Series Editor:
Antonino Zichichi
European Physical Society
Geneva, Switzerland
(LIFE SCIENCES)
Recent volumes in the series
Volume 9 ADVANCES IN NEPHROUROLOGY
Edited by M. Pavone-Macaluso and P.H. Smith
Volume 10 CELLULAR BIOLOGY OF THE LUNG
Edited by G. Cumming and G. Bonsignore
Volume 11 BIOELECTROCHEMISTRY I: Biological Redox Reactions
Edited by G. Milazzo and M. Blank
Volume 12 SELECTED TOPICS IN PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
Edited by A. Raineri and J. J. Kellermann
Volume 13 THE BEHAVIOR OF HUMAN INFANTS
Edited by A. Oliverio and M. Zappella
Volume 14 DRUGS AND THE LUNG
Edited by G. Cumming and G. Bonsignore
Volume 15 AGING AND DRUG THERAPY
Edited by G. Barbagallo-Sangiorgi and A. N. Exton-Smith
Volume 16 MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS: Present and Future
Edited by G. Scarlato and W. B. Matthews
Volume 17 SMOKING AND THE LUNG
Edited by G. Cumming and G. Bonsignore
Volume 18 TESTICULAR CANCER AND OTHER TUMORS OF THE
GENITOURINARY TRACT
Edited by M. Pavone-Macaluso, P. H. Smith, and M. Bagshaw
Volume 19 BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND DOSIMETRY OF STATIC AND
ELF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS
Edited by M. Grandolfo, S. M. Michaelson, and A. Rindi
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of
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Biological Effects
and Dosimetry of
Static and ELF
Electromagnetic Fields
Edited by
M. Grandolfo
Superior Institute of Health
Rome, Italy
S. M. Michaelson
The University of Rochester Medical Center
Rochester, New York
and
A. Rindi
National Institute of Nuclear Physics
Frascati, Italy
Plenum Press • New York and London
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
International School of Radiation Damage and Protection (5th: 1983: Erice, Sicily)
Biological effects and dosimetry of static and ELF electromagnetic fields.
(Ettore Maiorana international science series. Life sciences; v. 19)
"Proceedings of the Fifth Course of the International School of Radiation Damage
and Protection of the Ettore Maiorana Centre for Scientific Culture, held in November,
1983, in Erice, Sicily, Italy"-T.p. verso.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Electromagnetism-Physiological effect-Congresses. 2. Radiation
dosimetry-Congresses. I. Grandolfo, Martino. II. Michaelson, Sol M. III. Rindi, Alessan
dro. IV. Title. V. Series: Ettore Maiorana international science series. Life sciences;
19.
QP82.2.E43158 1983 599'.01915 85-6313
ISBN -13: 978-1-4612-9243-2 e-ISBN-J 3: 978-1-46\3-2099-9
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4613-2099-9
Proceedings of the Fifth Course of the International School of Radiation Damage
and Protection of the Ettore Maiorana Centre for Scientific Culture,
held in November, 1983, in Erice, Sicily, Italy
© 1985 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1985
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
PREFACE
The editors are pleased to present these Proceedings of the
V Course of the "International School of Radiation Damage and Pro
tection" of the "E. Majorana Centre", held in Erice (Italy) in No
vember 1983. The lectures and discussions among leading scientists
in various disciplines of physics, engineering, biophysics, cellular
biology, physiology and medicine from 11 countries are included in
this compilation.
In this volume we have attempted to explore all aspects of the
interaction of static and Extremely Low Frequency (ELF: 0-300 Hz)
electric and magnetic fields with biological tissue, systems and
whole organisms; we considered dosimetry and what is known or pre
sumed concerning basic interactions, responses from the cellular and
molecular level to the whole organism. Discussions of medical appli
cations as well as epidemiologic investigations related to high volt
age transmission were held with critiques of methodologies used and
recommendations for future approaches. Consideration was also given
to the necessity and principles of setting protection standards for
man and the environment.
We believe this is the first attempt to put all this informa
tion together into one volume to provide perspective for understand
ing the influence of static and ELF electric and magnetic fields on
biological systems.
We hope our attempts were successful.
Martino Grandolfo
Sol M. Michaelson
Alessandro Rindi
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This is the Fifth Course of the International School of Radia
tion Damage and Protection of the "Ettore Majorana" Centre for Sci
entific Culture directed by Professor A. Zichichi.
We are indebted to the Associazione Italiana di Protezione dal
le Radiazioni, the Italian Ministry of Public Education. the Italian
Ministry of Scientific and Technological Research, the Istituto Su
periore di Sanita, the Ente Nazionale Energia Elettrica (ENEL), and
the Sicilian Regional Government for Sponsoring the Course.
We acknowledge with appreciation the cooperation and contribu
tions of Dr. Alberto Gabriele and Miss Pinola Savalli of the "E.
Majorana" Center in Erice, and of Mrs. Franca Grisanti, and Mr. Gia
como Monteleone of the Istituto Superiore di Sanita in Rome.
vii
CONTENTS
Historical Development of the Study of the Effects
of ELF Fields .................................. . 1
S. M. Michaelson, M. Grando1fo, and A. Rindi
Criteria for Electric, Magnetic or E1ectromaqnetic
Fi e1d Bi oeffects Investi gati ons ................ . 15
S. M. Michaelson
Physical Description of Exposure to Static and ELF
E1 ectromagneti c Fi e 1d s ......................... . 31
M. Grando1fo, and P. Vecchia
Natural and Man-Made Environmental Exposures to
Static and ELF Electromagnetic Fields .......... . 49
M. Grando1fo, and P. Vecchia
Mechanisms for Biological Effects of Magnetic Fields .. 71
T. S. Tenforde
Biological Effects of Stationary Magnetic Fields ..... . 93
T. S. Tenforde
Effects of DC Magnetic Fields on Behaviour ........... . 129
J. de Lorge
Preliminary Observations: the Effects of a Static
Magnetic Field on Chick Embryo Growth .......... . 141
F. Bersani, and Q. Zini
Dosimetry for Extremely Low-Frequency Electric
Fi e1ds ......................................... . 145
W. T. Kaune, and R. D. Phillips
Mathematical Models of Bodies Exposed to ELF Fields
and Scaling Criteria ..........•................. 167
R. Brambi 11 a
ix
Dosimetric Probes and Concept of Dose for Power
Frequency Electric Field Exposures................ 183
F. Lattarulo
Instrumentation for Measurement of Power Frequency
Electromagnetic Fields... ..... ..... ........ .... ... 187
R. Conti
Dipole Antenna for ELF EMF Measurements....... .... ...... 211
H. Trzaska
Biophysical Principles of the Interaction of ELF
Fields with Living Matter: I. Properties and
Mechanisms........................................ 221
H. P. Schwan
Biophysical Principles of the Interaction of ELF
Fields with Living Matter: II. Coupling
Considerations and Forces......................... 243
H. P. Schwan
Interaction of ELF Electromagnetic Fields with Cell
Membrane Receptors................................ 273
M. Grattarola. F. Caratozzolo, and A. Chiabrera
Interactions of ELF-Fields with Excitable Tissues....... 295
H. P. Schwan
Synchronization of Neural Firing Patterns by
Relatively Weak ELF Fields........................ 313
H. Wachtel
Effect of Low Frequency Pulsing Electromagnetic
Fields on the Response of Human Normal and
Leukemic Lymphocytes to Lectins............. ...... 329
R. Cadossi, G. Emilia, and G. Torelli
Effects Induced "in vitro" by Extremely Low Frequency
Electromagnetic Fields {E.L.F.} on Blastogen
esis of Human Lymphocytes and on Thromboxane
B-2-Release by Ionophore-Stimulated Neutrophils... 335
P. Conti, G. E. Gigante, M. G. Cifone, E. Alesse,
M. Reale, and P. U. Angeletti
Experimental Evidence of Superconducting Properties
in Human Ceruloplasmin............. ...... ......... 339
G. Giaquinta, C. Di Mauro, S. Onori, and S. Canni
straro
x
Biological Effects of Electric Fields: an Overview...... 345
L. E. Anderson, and R. D. Phillips
The Effect of High Intensity (50-60 Hz) Electric
Fields on Animals................................. 379
A. Veicsteinas
Physiological Studies of Monkeys in Electric and
Magnetic Fields at ELF Frequencies................ 409
J. D. Grissett, and W. G. Lotz
Behavioral Studies of Monkeys in Electric and Maqnetic
Fields at ELF Frequencies......................... 433
J. de Lorge
Effect of ELF Fields on Bone Growth and Fracture
Repai r......... .•... .•.....................••....• 441
M. B. Tuerlinckx, and M. Rooze
Hinsenkam~,
The Electromagnetic Environment and the Circadian
Rhythms of Human Subjects......................... 477
R. A. Wever
Hematological and Biochemical Effects of ELF Fields
in Man - Laboratory Experiments................... 525
R. Hauf
Medical Control of Employees in the Electrical
Industry Exposed to Low Frequency Electric
Fields............................................ 539
J. Cabanes
An Epidemiological Investigation of HV Substation
Workers: Study Design and Preliminary Results..... 557
A. Checcucci
Epidemiologic Studies of Persons Exposed to Power
Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields: A
Critical Analysis................................. 571
S. M. Michaelson
Epidemiological Studies on Effects of Exposure to
ELF Electromagnetic Fields......... •••..•......... 607
B. G. Knave, and S. G. Tornqvist
Some Thoughts on the Socio-Political Aspects of
Radiation Protection......... .......... ..... ...... 621
B. F. M. Bosnjakovic
xi
Some Considerations About "Philia" and "Phobia"
in Radioprotection................................ 631
A. Checcucci
Health Risk Assessment of Static and ELF Electric
and Magnetic Fields. .... ........... ... ... ...... ... 635
M. H. Repachol i
Standards on Static and ELF Electric and Magnetic
Fields and Their Scientific Basis................. 667
M. H. Repacholi
Participants............................................ 685
Index................................................... 693
xii
