Biological Aspects of Brain Tumors: Proceedings of the 8th Nikko Brain Tumor Conference, Karatsu (Saga) 1990

513 Pages·1991·12.305 MB·English

by  Mark A. Israel (auth.), Kazuo Tabuchi M. D. (eds.)

Kazuo Tabuchi (Ed.)
Biological Aspects
of Brain Tumors
Proceedings of the 8th Nikko Brain Tumor Conference,
Karatsu (Saga) 1990
With 214 Figures Including 13 in Color
Springer-Verlag
Tokyo Berlin Heidelberg
New York London Paris
Hong Kong Barcelona
KAzuo TABUCHI, M.D.
Professor and Chairman, Department of Neurosurgery, Saga Medical School,
Nabeshima, Saga, 849 Japan
ISBN-13:978-4-431-68152-6 e-ISBN-13:978-4-431-68150-2
DOl: 10.1007/978-4-431-68150-2
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Nikko Brain Tumor Conference (8th: 1990: Karatsu-shi, Japan) Biological aspects of brain tumors:
proceedings of the 8th Nikko Brain Tumor Conference, Karatsu (Saga) 1990/K. Tabuchi (ed.).
p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13:978-4-431-68152-6
1. Brain-Cancer-Congresses. 2. Gliomas-Congresses. I. Tabuchi, K. (Kazuo),1940-.II. Title.
[DNLM: 1. Brain Neoplasms-congresses. 2. Drug Resistance-
congresses. 3. Glioma-congresses. 4. Oncogenes-physiology-congresses. WL 358 N692b 1990],
RC280.B7N55 1990, 616.99'481-dc20, DNLMIDLC, for Library of Congress. 91-4993
© Springer-Verlag Tokyo 1991
Softcover reprint of the hardcover lst edition 1991
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Preface
Biological Aspects of Brain Tumors comprises the proceedings of the 8th Nikko
Brain Tumor Conference held on November 6-8, 1990, in Karatsu (Saga
Prefecture), Japan. The intention of the meeting was to bring together basic
and clinical neuroscientists in order to exchange new ideas and information
relevant to brain tumor research. The main theme of the 1990 Conference was
"Recent Progress in Brain Tumor Biology." Several major topics related to the
main theme were discussed, such as: growth activity of brain tumor, meta
bolism of brain tumor, brain tumor and cytokines, drug resistance of brain
tumor, oncogene and anti-oncogene of brain tumor, and basic studies in brain
tumor biology and therapy.
Glioma, particularly malignant glioma which is still one of the most challeng
ing form of tumor, frustrating the efforts in current cancer treatment, is the
major target of research in neuro-oncology and was therefore the primary
focus of this meeting. The aim of this volume is to provide new concepts
concerning our understanding of malignant glioma as well as an up-to-date
summary of significant and potentially valuable works for the purposes of
further investigation in the field of brain tumor biology. It is my hope that this
volume may serve as a milestone for research into the 21st century at which
time malignant glioma should be amenable to treatment.
A total of 64 papers have been selected from the oral and poster presenta
tions at the Conference. The volume is divided into two parts: Part I is devoted
to the seven special lectures which were given by the invited speakers and Part
II includes the selected papers and consists of six sections dealing with the
major topics mentioned above.
The Conference was fruitful not only from the point of view of the scientific
material presented, but also with regard to the exchange of ideas and informa
tion during formal and informal discussions. All the authors submitted their
manuscripts on time which allowed the prompt publication of this volume, and
I gratefully acknowledge their endeavors. In the preparation of these proceed
ings, I have been helped greatly by the staff of Springer-Verlag, who have
cooperated efficiently with the English copy-editing of this book. Finally,
I am also much indebted to all the participants and sponsors who actively
contributed to the success of this meeting.
Saga, Japan KAzuo T ABUCHI
Contents
Preface ......................................................... V
List of Contributors ............................................ XV
Part I. Special Lectures
An Introduction to Molecular Biology for the Neuro-Oncologist . . . . . . 3
M.A. ISRAEL
Genetic Alterations of Nervous System Tumors .................... 18
R.L. MARTUZA
Activation of Proto-Oncogenes in Human Brain Tumors ............ 28
M. SHIBUYA, H. YAMAZAKI, Y. OHBA, Y. FUKUI, Y. UEYAMA,
N. TAMAOKI
Gene Structure and Regulatory Mechanism of Gene Expression 38
K. HORI
In Situ Hybridization Using T-T Dimerized Non-Radioactive Probes 52
P.K. NAKANE, H. MATSUMURA, T. KOJI
A Molecular Basis for Multidrug-Resistance and Reversal of
the Resistance ................................................. 63
S. AKIYAMA, A. YOSHIMURA, M. icHIKAWA, T. SUMIZAWA,
T. FURUKAWA
The Extracellular Matrix: Cues from the Microcellular Environment
Which Can Inhibit or Facilitate Glioma Cell Growth ................ 73
J.T. RUTKA
Part II. Selected Papers
Section 1. Growth Activity of Brain Tumor
Cell Kinetics of Brain Tumors and Its Clinical Relevance 90
T. HOSHINO
VIII Contents
Double-Labeling Method with BUdR and IUdR for Cell Kinetic
Studies of Brain Tumors ........................................ 96
S. SHIBUI, R. NISHIKAWA, K. NOMURA, K. IWASAKI, T. MAEDA,
T. HOSHINO
Heterogeneous Cell Growth in Human Brain Tumors; an Analysis of
the BrdU-Labeling Index and the NOR Histogram ................. 102
T. YOSIDMINE, K. TOKIYOSID, M. MARUNO, A. MURASAWA,
H. NAKATA, T. HAYAKAWA
Nucleolar Organizer Regions in Cultured Brain Tumor Cells. . . . . . . . . 108
T. SHIRAISHI, K. TABUCHI, T. MINETA, N. MOMOZAKI, M. TAKAGI,
K.L. BLACK
Rapid Assessment of Malignancy in Human Brain Tumors on Squash
Preparations Using Nucleolar Organizer Region Staining ............ 119
A. HARA, N. SAKAI, S. NnKAwA, H. HIRAYAMA, Y. NISHIMURA,
T. ANDO, H. YAMADA, T. TANAKA, H. MORl
A Preliminary Report on the Use of Nucleolar Organizer Regions
(NORs) Counting for Improved Surgical Resection of Glioblastomas 125
H. TAKAYAMA, Y. HIROSE, M. TODA, Y. NAKANO, T. KAWASE,
M. OTANI, Y. OGAWA, S. TOYA
Evaluation of the Proliferation on Brain Tumor Cells and the
Endothelial Cells of Tumor Vessels Using Immunohistochemical Study
with Anti-BrdU Monoclonal Antibody and Factor VIII-Related Antigen 131
M. MIYAGAMI, E. KASAHARA, T. TSUBOKAWA
Weibel-Palade Bodies as a Marker for Endothelial Proliferative
Potential of Human Glioma Capillaries ........................... 139
S. TAKANO, Y. YOSHII, T. NOSE
The Proliferative Potential After Hyperthermia and Irradiation on a
Human Glioma Cell Line ....................................... 146
H. SHIGEMATSU, K. TSUNO, T. MATSUHISA, T. MAESHIRO,
N. MISHIMA, K. MATSUMOTO, T. FURUTA, M. ARIMORI,
A. NISHIMOTO
Section 2. Metabolism of Brain Tumor
PET Measurement of Tumor Metabolism in Patients with Gliomas 152
K. MINEURA, T. SASAJIMA, M. KOWADA, F. SHISHIDO, K. UEMURA
Malignancy of Glioma Estimated by PET_18 F-FDG,
PET-l1 C-Methionine, and SPECT-201 Thallium .................... 158
M. TAMURA, T. SHIBASAKI, S. HORIKOSHI, N. ORIUCHI
Metabolic Changes in a Glioma Model Following Chemotherapy 164
K. SATO, M. KAMEYAMA, R. KATAKURA, T. KAYAMA,
T. YOSHIMOTO, K. ISHIWATA
Contents IX
Quantitative Autoradiographical Evaluation of Protein Synthesis in a
Brain Tumor Model Using 14C-Iabeled Valine. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
S. MITSUKA, H. NUKUI, M. DIKSIC, Y.L. YAMAMOTO, W. FEIN DEL
Irradiation Effects On Tumor Blood Flow and Tumor Vascular
Permeability in a Rat Transplanted Glioma Model: A Quantitative
Autoradiographic Study ......................................... 177
S. SUGIMOTO, T. AIDA, K. TOKUDA, H. ABE
Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Experimental Brain Tumors
Determination by Electron Spin Resonance Spectrometry Using the
Spin Trap Method .............................................. 184
Y. IKEDA, S. NAKAZAWA, M. YAMADA
Studies of Active Oxygen Species in Brain Tumors ................. 188
M. KURISAKA, K. NAKAI, M. ARIMITSU, K. MORI, Y. NIWA
The Relationship Between Nucleolar Organizer Regions and
Hormone-Producing Activity in Pituitary Adenoma ................. 193
T. MATSUHISA, T. MAESHIRO, M. NAKAGAWA, H. SHIGEMATSU,
K. TSUNO, K. MATSUMOTO, T. FURUTA, A. NISHIMOTO
Section 3. Brain Tumor and Cytokines
The Interaction Between Cytokines and Growth Factors on the
Growth of Glioma Cells ......................................... 200
1. YOSHIDA, T. WAKABAYASHI, M. MIZUNO, H. OYAMA, K. NEHASHI,
K. SUGITA
Interferon Effect on Cytotoxicity of Autologous Stimulated
Lymphocytes from Patients with Malignant Glioma ................. 207
K. MIYAGI, 1. MUKAWA, H, KOGA, Y. HIGA, S. NAKASONE,
S. MEKARU, M. INGRAM
IL-2-Induced Signal Transduction in an Oligodendroglioma Line 215
Y. OKAMOTO, S. MINAMOTO, K. SHIMIZU, T. HAYAKAWA,
T. TANIGUCHI
Acute Effects of the Human Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor
(rTNF) on the Cerebral Vasculature of the Rat in Both Normal Brain
and an Experimental Glioma Model .............................. 221
G. KIDO, S. NAKAMURA, T. TSUBOKAWA, R.E. MERCHANT,
H.F. YOUNG
PDGF-Related Proteins in Human Brain Tumors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229
T. NAKAMURA, I. TAKESHITA, M. FUKUI
Measuring the Effect of PDGF On Fibroblasts Using Glioma Cell Lines
235
N. SHINOURA, T. KONDOU, M. YOSHIOKA
X Contents
Section 4. Drug Resistance of Brain Tumor
Potentiation of 3-(4 -Amino-2-Methyl-5-Pyrimidinyl) Methyl-l-(2-
Chloroethyl)-Nitrosourea Cytotoxicity in Resistant Human Glioma Cell
by Pretreatment with 5-(3-Methyl-l-Triazeno) Imidazole-4-
Carboxamide .................................................. 246
T. AIDA, H. ABE, K. TOKUDA, S. SUGIMOTO
Potentiation of VP-16 Cytotoxicity by Dipyridamole in Malignant
Glioma Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
T. OHNIsm, H. IWASAKI, N. ARITA, S. HlRAGA, T. HAYAKAWA
The Role of 06-Alkylguanine-DNA Alkyltransferase in Glioma in
Resistance to Chloroethylnitrosoureas ........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260
T. HOTTA, T, UOZUMI, K. KIYA, K. KURIsu, T. MIKAMI,
H. OGASAWARA, K. SUGIYAMA, Y. SAITOH, K. ISHIZAKI, M. IKENAGA
06-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase(06-MT) Activity as an
Index of Drug Responsiveness to Antitumor Chloroethylnitrosoureas
in Xenografted Brain Tumors .................................... 266
K. MINEURA, N. KUWAHARA, K. WATANABE, M. KOWADA
Cytokinetic Resistance of Malignant Glioma Cells: Antineoplastic
Agents During Maintenance Therapy ............................. 273
S. HIRAGA, N. ARITA, T. OHNISHI, T. TAKI, T. HAYAKAWA
Quantitative Analysis of Glutathione S-Transferase in Human Brain
Tumors, C6 Rat Glioma Cells, and Drug Resistant C6 Cells ......... 281
Y. MATSUMOTO, N. SASAOKA, T. TSUCHIDA, T. FUJIWARA, T. OHMOTO
Glutathione S-Transferase Placental Form in Human and Rat Gliomas
and Its Possible Role in Drug Resistance .......................... 288
A. HARA, N. SAKAI, S. NUKAWA, H. HIRAYAMA, H. YAMADA,
T. TANAKA, H. MORI
Electrophoretical Analysis of DNA Topoisomerase I and II
Expressions in Human Malignant Gliomas ......................... 295
T. TSUCHIDA, Y. MATSUMOTO, N. SASAOKA, T. FUJIWARA,
T. OHMOTO, B.S. CARSON, P.C. PHILLIPS
Section 5. Oncogene and Anti-Oncogene of Brain Tumor
Allele Loss on Chromosome 10 in Human Glioblastomas ............ 300
S. IZUMOTO, N. ARITA, T. OHNISHI, S. HlRAGA, T. TAKI,
M. YAMAMOTO, T. MIKI, S. TAKAI, T. HAYAKAWA
Loss of Heterozygosity of Chromosome 10 and 17 in Human Malignant
Astrocytomas .................................................. 306
K. TOKUDA, M, FUJITA, K. NAGASmMA, H. ABE, T. AIDA,
S. SUGIMOTO, Y. SAWAMURA, M. TADA
Contents XI
Detection of p53 Gene Mutations in Human Brain Tumors by Single-
Strand Conformation Analysis of Polymerase Chain Reaction Products 311
S. MASHIYAMA, T. KAYAMA, R. KATAKURA, T. YOSHIMOTO,
Y. MURAKAMI, T. SEKIYA, K. HAYASHI
An Analysis of Genetic Alterations of the p53 Gene in Human
Glioma ....................................................... 317
K. FUKUYAMA, M. OH-UCHIDA, T. MiNETA, N. MOMOZAKI, K. HORI,
K. TABUCHI
The Expression and Structure of p53 Gene Products in Cultured
Glioma Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325
T. MINETA, K. FUKUYAMA, T. SHIRAISHI, K. TABUCHI
Detection of Retinoblastoma Gene Aberrations in Human Brain
Tumor by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism Analysis of
Polymerase Chain Reaction Products ............................. 332
M. KATAHIRA, Y. MURAKAMI, K. HAYASHI, O. KUBO, Y. TAJIKA,
M. KAGAWA, T. SEKIYA
Oncogene Expression in Acoustic Neurinomas ..................... 337
K. IcHIMURA, K. HIRAKAWA, A. KOMATSUZAKI, Y. YUASA
Enhanced Expression of the c-myc Oncogenes in Human Brain
Tumors ....................................................... 343
K. KAZUMOTO, M. MATSUMOTO, J. TAMADA, I. HANDA, M. TAMURA,
Y. YUASA
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism of the L-myc Gene and
Gene Amplification in Meningiomas .............................. 349
H. KAMITANI, T. HORI, S. TANAKA, Y. HOKAMA, I. OKAJIMA,
S. NOMURA, K. KAWASHIMA, S. NISHIMURA
DNA Aneuploid Cells Showing Discrepancy of Expression Between
c-myc Oncogene Products and GFAP in Malignant Glioma... . .... .. 355
N. SAKAI, K. KAWAMOTO, H. MATSUMURA
Oncogene Expression in High-Grade Astrocytomas: A Comparative
Study of Immunogold-Silver and Peroxidase-Antiperoxidase .
Immunohistochemistry .......................................... 361
S. YOSHIDA, R. TANAKA, A.H. KAYE
Chromosomes and Clinical Features in 6 Cases of Gliomas .......... 366
T. HOURI, N. IBAYASHI, M. FUJIMOTO, S. VEDA, J. INAZAWA, T. ABE
Section 6. Basic Studies in Brain Tumor Biology and Therapy
The Influence of MHC Class I Expression on the Growth of a
Glioblastoma Cell Line ......................................... 374
N. MOMOZAKI, K. TABUCHI, M. OH-UCHIDA, K. IKEZAKI, T. HIROTSU,
K.HoRi
XII Contents
Association of Histocompatibility Antigen Expression with
Intracerebral Tumorigenicity ..................................... 380
T. YAMASAKI, K. MORITAKE, S. NAGAO, Y. AKIYAMA, M. KAWAHARA
Genetic Interaction Between Proto-Oncogene and Histocompatibility
Antigen Gene Expressions in Cellular Differentiation of Mouse
Neuroblastoma............ ....... . . ............. . ...... ...... . . 386
T. YAMASAKI, K. MORITAKE, G. KLEIN
Expression of Intermediate Filaments (GFAP and Vimentin) in
Human Gliomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391
T. KOKUNAI, N. TAMAKI, S. MATSUMOTO
Opposite Effects of Cyclic AMP and Cell Density on Expression
of aB-Crystallin and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in
C-6 Glioma Cells ............................................... 396
A. IWAKI, T. IWAKI, Y. SAKAKI, R.K.H. LIEM, J.E. GOLDMAN
Demonstration of Microtubule-Associated Proteins in
Human Gliomas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 402
N. IDAYASHI, K. NAKAMURA, T. HOURI, S. VEDA
Human Malignant Glioma Cells Migrate to Fibronectin and Laminin:
Role of Extracellular Matrix Components in Glioma Cell Invasion . . . . 408
T. OHNISHI, N. ARITA, S. HIRAGA, M. HIGUCHI, T. HAYAKAWA
The Effect of Matrigel on the Growth of Glioma Cells In Vitro and
In Vivo ....................................................... 416
A.
T. MORI, T. HIKAWA, T. YOSHIDA, KARASHIMA, M. FUJIKI, S. HORl
Glycolipid in Human Glioma: Detection with Specific Antibodies and
Its Application for Diagnosis of Gliomas .......................... 421
O. NAKAMURA, M. IWAMORI
Immunohistochemical Study of Protein Kinase C Isozyme in Recurrent
Cases of Malignant Glioma ...................................... 425
O. KUDO, Y. TAJIKA, M. KATAHIRA, Y. MURAGAKI, T. TAJIKA,
H. VCHINUNO, M. NITTA, M. KAGAWA
Effects of Phorbor Esters on Cyclic AMP Accumulation in C6
Glioma Cells . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
H. NAKAMURA, H.S. HAO, T. HARA, M. MATSUTANI, K. TAKAKURA,
N. SHITARA
Differentiation of a Medulloblastoma Cell Line Mediated by Protein
Kinase A ...................................................... 436
T. KOKUNAI, N. TAMAKI, S. MATSUMOTO
Biological Characterization of Human Medulloblastoma (ONS-76 and
ONS-81) Cell Lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 442
K. SHIMIZU, M. YAMADA, S. MORIUCHI, K. TAMURA, E. MABUCHI,
Y. OKAMOTO, Y. MIYAO, K.C. PARK, T. HAYAKAWA