Table Of ContentBIOFUEL PRODUCTION –
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
AND PROSPECTS
Edited by Marco Aurélio
dos Santos Bernardes
Biofuel Production – Recent Developments and Prospects
Edited by Marco Aurélio dos Santos Bernardes
Published by InTech
Janeza Trdine 9, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
Copyright © 2011 InTech
All chapters are Open Access articles distributed under the Creative Commons
Non Commercial Share Alike Attribution 3.0 license, which permits to copy,
distribute, transmit, and adapt the work in any medium, so long as the original
work is properly cited. After this work has been published by InTech, authors
have the right to republish it, in whole or part, in any publication of which they
are the author, and to make other personal use of the work. Any republication,
referencing or personal use of the work must explicitly identify the original source.
Statements and opinions expressed in the chapters are these of the individual contributors
and not necessarily those of the editors or publisher. No responsibility is accepted
for the accuracy of information contained in the published articles. The publisher
assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out
of the use of any materials, instructions, methods or ideas contained in the book.
Publishing Process Manager Petra Zobic
Technical Editor Teodora Smiljanic
Cover Designer Jan Hyrat
Image Copyright Mikael Damkier, 2010. Used under license from Shutterstock.com
First published September, 2011
Printed in Croatia
A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com
Additional hard copies can be obtained from [email protected]
Biofuel Production – Recent Developments and Prospects, Edited by Marco Aurélio dos
Santos Bernardes
p. cm.
ISBN 978-953-307-478-8
free online editions of InTech
Books and Journals can be found at
www.intechopen.com
Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 Biodiesel 1
Chapter 1 Abiotic Stress Diagnosis via Laser Induced Chlorophyll
Fluorescence Analysis in Plants for Biofuel 3
Artur S. Gouveia-Neto, Elias Arcanjo da Silva-Jr, Patrícia C. Cunha,
Ronaldo A. Oliveira-Filho, Luciana M. H. Silva, Ernande B. da Costa,
Terezinha J. R. Câmara and Lilia G. Willadino
Chapter 2 Is It Possible to Use Biodiesel as a Reference Material? 23
Dalni Malta do E. Santo Filho, José Renato R. Siqueira, Renata
Martins H. Borges, Claudio Roberto da C. Rodrigues, Alex Pablo F.
Barbosa, José Júlio P. dos Santos Júnior and Roberto G. Pereira
Chapter 3 First Generation Biodiesel 45
Guomin Xiao and Lijing Gao
Part 2 Bioethanol 65
Chapter 4 Bioethanol – What Has Brazil Learned About
Yeasts Inhabiting the Ethanol Production
Processes from Sugar Cane? 85
Maria da Graça Stupiello Andrietta, Sílvio Roberto Andrietta
and Érika Nogueira Andrade Stupiello
Chapter 5 Ethanol Production in Brazil: The Industrial Process
and Its Impact on Yeast Fermentation 85
Luiz Carlos Basso, Thiago Olitta Basso and Saul Nitsche Rocha
Chapter 6 Ethanol Reforming in the Dynamic Plasma -
Liquid Systems 101
Valeriy Ya. Chernyak, Eugen V. Martysh, Sergei V. Olszewski,
Vitalij V. Yukhymenko, Sergei M. Sidoruk, Oleg A. Nedybaliuk,
Iryna V. Prysiazhnevych, Anatolij I. Shchedrin and Dmitry S. Levko
VI Contents
Chapter 7 Developing Organisms for Consolidated
Bioprocessing of Biomass to Ethanol 137
Willem H. van Zyl, Riaan den Haan and Daniel C. la Grange
Chapter 8 Latest Frontiers in the Biotechnologies for Ethanol
Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass 163
De Canio Paola, De Bari Isabella and Romano Patrizia
Part 3 Cellulosic Biofuel 197
Chapter 9 Novel Approaches to Improve Cellulase Biosynthesis for
Biofuel Production – Adjusting Signal Transduction
Pathways in the Biotechnological Workhorse
Trichoderma reesei 199
Doris Tisch and Monika Schmoll
Chapter 10 Detoxification of Lignocellulosic Hydrolysates for
Improved Bioethanol Production 225
Anuj K. Chandel, Silvio Silvério da Silva and Om V. Singh
Chapter 11 Biofuel From Cellulosic Mass with Incentive for Feed
Industry Employing Thermophilic Microbes 247
Javed Iqbal Qazi, Naureen Chaudhary and Saima Shahzad Mirza
Chapter 12 Kinetic Modelling of Dilute Acid Hydrolysis
of Lignocellulosic Biomass 293
P. Lenihan, A. Orozco, E. O’Neill, M.N.M. Ahmad,
D.W. Rooney, C. Mangwandi and G.M. Walker
Chapter 13 Trichoderma reesei: A Fungal Enzyme
Producer for Cellulosic Biofuels 309
Bernhard Seiboth, Christa Ivanova and Verena Seidl-Seiboth
Part 4 Biofuels Generalities 341
Chapter 14 Application of Response Surface Methodology to Optimize
Alkali Concentration, Corn Stover Particle Size, and Extruder
Parameters for Maximum Sugar Recovery 343
Chinnadurai Karunanithy and Kasiviswanathan Muthukumarappan
Chapter 15 Innovative Biological Solutions to Challenges
in Sustainable Biofuels Production 375
Xiaohan Yang, Ting Li, David Weston, Abhijit Karve, Jessy L. Labbe,
Lee E. Gunter, Poornima Sukumar, Anne Borland, Jin-Gui Chen,
Stan D. Wullschleger, Timothy J. Tschaplinski and Gerald A. Tuskan
Chapter 16 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Biofuels 415
Armando T. Quitain, Shunsaku Katoh and Motonobu Goto
Contents VII
Chapter 17 Fertilizer Potential of Biofuel Byproducts 437
Amber Moore
Chapter 18 The Past, Present, and Future of Biofuels –
Biobutanol as Promising Alternative 451
Köpke Michael, Noack Steffi and Dürre Peter
Chapter 19 DMF - A New Biofuel Candidate 487
Guohong Tian, Ritchie Daniel and Hongming Xu
Chapter 20 Biofuels: From Hopes to Reality 521
Carioca J.O.B., Friedrich, H. and Ehrenberger, S.
Chapter 21 Bioproduction of Hydrogen with the
Assistance of Electrochemical Technology 547
Soundarrajan Chandrasekaran and Dachamir Hotza
Chapter 22 A Genetic-Fuzzy System for Modelling of Selected
Processes in Diesel Engine Fuelled by Biofuels 561
Michał Kekez and Leszek Radziszewski
Chapter 23 Determination of the Impact of Biogas on the Engine Oil
Condition Using a Sensor Based on Corrosiveness 577
C. Schneidhofer, S. Sen and N. Dörr
Preface
Over the past 20 years, there has been a substantial increase in research and
development in the area of biofuels. Many researchers around the world have dealt
with environmental, economic, policy and technical subjects aspects relating to these
studies. In a way, this book aspires to be a comprehensive summary of current biofuels
issues and thereby contribute to the understanding of this important topic. Chapters
include digests on: the development efforts on biofuels, their implications for the food
industry, current and future biofuels crops, the successful Brazilian ethanol program,
insights of the first, second, third and fourth biofuel generations, advanced biofuel
production techniques, related waste treatment, emissions and environmental impacts,
water consumption, produced allergens and toxins.
Relating theoretical and experimental analyses with many important applied purposes
of current relevance will make this book extremely useful for researchers, scientists,
engineers and graduate students, who can make use of the experimental and
theoretical investigations, assessment and enhancement techniques described in this
multidisciplinary field. Additionally, the biofuel policy discussion is expected to be
continuing in the foreseeable future and the reading of the biofuels features dealt with
in this book, are recommended for anyone interested in understanding this diverse
and developing theme.
Dr.-Ing. Marco Aurélio dos Santos Bernardes
Researcher Energy & Environment and LCA,
CRP Henri Tudor, CRTE,
Luxembourg
