Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty Alleviation: Exploring the Evidence for a Link

337 Pages·2013·3.02 MB·English

by  Dilys Roe

Biodiversity Conservation and Poverty
Alleviation
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Conservation Science and Practice Series
Biodiversity Conservation
and Poverty Alleviation:
Exploring the Evidence
for a Link
Edited by
DilysRoe
InternationalInstituteforEnvironmentandDevelopment,London,UK
JoannaElliott
AfricanWildlifeFoundation,Oxford,UK
ChrisSandbrookandMattWalpole
United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring
Centre,Cambridge,UK
A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Publication
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Biodiversityconservationandpovertyalleviation:exploringtheevidenceforalink/editedby
DilysRoe...[etal.].
p.cm.
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
ISBN978-0-470-67479-6(cloth)–ISBN978-0-470-67478-9(pbk.)1.Biodiversityconservation–
Economicaspects.2.Poverty–Prevention–Environmentalaspects.I.Roe,Dilys.
QH75.B532252013
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2012017200
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FrontCoverImage:AMalawiangirlcarriesbeansbacktohervillageofMurelainthePhalombeDistrict
whichiseastofBlantyre,Malawi,July3,2002.Afterthedroughtsandfloodinginthelastyear,halfof
thestudentsstoppedgoingtoschoolbecauseoftheongoingfoodshortageintheregion.TheWorld
FoodProgramestimatesthat3.2millionpeopleinMalawialonewillbeaffectedbeforeMarch2003.
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Setin9.5/11.5ptMinionbyLaserwordsPrivateLimited,Chennai,India
1 2013
Contents
Contributors ix
PrefaceandAcknowledgements xiii
Introduction 1
1. LinkingBiodiversityConservationandPovertyAlleviation:What,Why
andWhere? 3
DilysRoe,JoannaElliott,ChrisSandbrookandMattWalpole
PartI Biodiversity,EcosystemServicesandPoverty–ThePotentialfor
Synergies 19
2. The Potential, Realised and Essential Ecosystem Service Benefits of
BiodiversityConservation 21
WillR.Turner,KatrinaBrandon,ThomasM.Brooks,ClaudeGascon,Holly
K.Gibbs,KeithLawrence,RussellA.MittermeierandElizabethR.Selig
3. PovertyReductionandBiodiversityConservation:UsingtheConceptof
EcosystemServicestoUnderstandtheLinkages 36
HeidiWittmer,AugustinBergho¨ferandPavanSukhdev
4. DependenceofthePooronBiodiversity:WhichPoor,WhatBiodiversity? 52
BhaskarViraandAndreasKontoleon
PartII Biodiversity and Poverty Relationships in Different Ecological
Settings 85
5. Forests,PovertyandConservation:AnOverviewoftheIssues 87
BrianBelcher
6. BiodiversityandPovertyinCoastalEnvironments 100
JockCampbellandPhilipTownsley
7. Linking Biodiversity and Poverty Alleviation in the Drylands – The
Conceptof‘Useful’Biodiversity 113
MichaelMortimore
vi Contents
8. BiodiversityIsn’tJustWildlife–ConservingAgriculturalBiodiversityas
aVitalContributiontoPovertyReduction 127
WillyDouma
PartIII PovertyImpactsofDifferentConservationInterventions 143
9. DoesConservingBiodiversityWorktoReducePoverty?AStateof
KnowledgeReview 145
Craig Leisher, M. Sanjayan, Jill Blockhus, S. Neil Larsen and Andreas
Kontoleon
10. ProtectedAreas–WhatPeopleSayaboutWell-Being 160
GeorgeHolmesandDanBrockington
11. SpeciesConservationandPovertyAlleviation–TheCaseofGreatApes
inAfrica 173
ChrisSandbrookandDilysRoe
12. Community-BasedNaturalResourceManagement(CBNRM)and
ReducingPovertyinNamibia 191
BrianT.B.Jones,AnnaDavis,LaraDiezandRichardW.Diggle
13. ConservationEnterprise:WhatWorks,WhereandforWhom? 206
JoannaElliottandDaudiSumba
PartIV DistributionalandInstitutionalIssues 223
14. PaymentsforEnvironmentalServices:ConservationwithPro-Poor
Benefits 225
SvenWunderandJanBo¨rner
15. PastoralismandConservation–WhoBenefits? 239
KatherineHomewood,PippaChenevixTrenchandDanBrockington
16. Local Organisations – An Entry Point for Conservation and Poverty
Reduction 253
DavidH.L.Thomas
17. PovertyReductionIsn’t Just aboutMoney: CommunityPerceptionsof
ConservationBenefits 270
FikretBerkes
Contents vii
PartV BiodiversityandPovertyRelationshipsintheContextofGlobal
Challenges 287
18. Biodiversity,PovertyandClimateChange:NewChallengesand
Opportunities 289
KathyMacKinnon
19. ConservationintheAnthropocene:Biodiversity,Povertyand
Sustainability 304
WilliamM.Adams
20. Tackling Global Poverty: What Contribution Can Biodiversity and Its
ConservationReallyMake? 316
DilysRoe,JoannaElliott,ChrisSandbrookandMattWalpole
Index 329
Contributors
William M. (Bill) Adams Department of Geography, University of Cambridge,
DowningPlace,CambridgeCB23EN,UK;[email protected]
Brian Belcher Centre for Livelihoods and Ecology, Royal Roads University, 2005
SookeRd.,Victoria,BCV9B5Y2,Canada;[email protected]
CentreforInternationalForestryResearch,Bogor,Indonesia
AugustinBergho¨ferHelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch-UFZ,Permoser-
straße15,04318Leipzig,Germany;[email protected]
Fikret Berkes Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
R3T2N2,Canada;[email protected]
Jill Blockhus The Nature Conservancy, PO Box 303, Monson, ME 04464, USA;
[email protected]
JanBo¨rnerCenterforDevelopmentResearch,UniversityofBonn,Walter-Flex-Str.3,
53113Bonn,Germany;[email protected]
Katrina Brandon Independent Consultant, Beijing, China; katrinabrandon
@gmail.com
Dan Brockington School of Environment and Development, University of
Manchester, Arthur Lewis Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
[email protected]
ThomasM.BrooksNatureServe,4600N.FairfaxDr.,7thFloor,Arlington,VA22203,
USA;[email protected]
WorldAgroforestryCentre(ICRAF),UniversityofthePhilippines,LosBan˜os,the
Philippines
School of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of Tasmania,
Tasmania,Australia
JockCampbellIntegratedMarineManagementLtd,TheInnovationCentre,University
ofExeter,ExeterEX44RN,UK;[email protected]
Pippa Chenevix Trench Independent Consultant, Washington D.C., USA;
[email protected]
AnnaDavisIndependentConsultant,Windhoek,Namibia;[email protected]
x Contributors
LaraDiezNyaeNyaeDevelopmentFoundationofNamibia(NNDFN),9DeliusStreet,
Windhoek,Namibia;[email protected]
RichardW.DiggleWorldWildlifeFund,Namibia,POBox9681,19LossenStreet,
Windhoek,Namibia;[email protected]
Willy Douma Hivos, Raamweg 16, 2596 HL The Hague, The Netherlands;
[email protected]
JoannaElliottAfricanWildlifeFoundation,Oxford,UK;[email protected]
ClaudeGasconNationalFishandWildlifeFoundation,1133FifteenthSt.NWSuite
1100,Washington,DC20005,USA;[email protected]
HollyK.GibbsNelsonInstituteforEnvironmentalStudies,DepartmentofGeography,
Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment (SAGE), University of
Wisconsin-Madison,Madison,WI53706,USA;[email protected]
GeorgeHolmesSchoolofEarthandEnvironment,UniversityofLeeds,Woodhouse
Lane,LeedsLS29JT,UK;[email protected]
Katherine Homewood Department of Anthropology, University College London,
GowerStreet,LondonWC1E6BT,UK;[email protected]
BrianT.B.JonesEnvironmentandDevelopmentConsultant,Windhoek,Namibia;
[email protected]
Andreas Kontoleon University of Cambridge, Department of Land Economy, 19
SilverStreet,CambridgeCB39EP,UK;[email protected]
S. Neil Larsen Independent Consultant, The Nature Conservancy, Seattle, United
States;[email protected]
KeithLawrenceConservationInternational,2011CrystalDrive,Suite500,Arlington,
VA22202,USA;[email protected]
Craig Leisher The Nature Conservancy, PO Box 303, Monson, ME 04464, USA;
[email protected]
Kathy MacKinnon IUCN/World Commission on Protected Areas Conservation
ScienceGroup,UniversityofCambridge,UK
IndependentConsultant,Cambridgeshire,UK;[email protected]
Russell A. Mittermeier Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500,
Arlington,VA22202,USA;[email protected]
Michael Mortimore Independent Consultant, Drylands Research, Somerset, UK;
[email protected]
Contributors xi
DilysRoeInternationalInstituteforEnvironmentandDevelopment,80–86Gray’s
InnRoad,LondonWC1X8NH,UK;[email protected]
Chris Sandbrook United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation
Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK;
[email protected]
M. Sanjayan The Nature Conservancy, PO Box 303, Monson, ME 04464, USA;
[email protected]
ElizabethR.SeligConservationInternational,2011CrystalDrive,Suite500,Arlington,
VA22202,USA;[email protected].
PavanSukhdevGreenIndianStatesPvtLtd,G-175,PalamVihar,Gurgaon,Haryana
122017,India;[email protected]
DaudiSumbaAfricanWildlifeFoundation,NgongRoad,Karen,P.O.Box310,00502,
Nairobi,Kenya;[email protected]
DavidH.L.ThomasBirdLifeInternational,WellbrookCourt,GirtonRoad,Cambridge
CB30NA,UK;[email protected]
Philip Townsley Integrated Marine Management Ltd, The Innovation Centre,
UniversityofExeter,RennesDrive,ExeterEX44RN,UK;[email protected]
WillTurnerConservationInternational,2011CrystalDriveSuite500,Arlington,VA
22202,USA;[email protected]
BhaskarViraDepartmentofGeography,UniversityofCambridge,DowningPlace,
CambridgeCB23EN,UK;[email protected]
Matt Walpole United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation
Monitoring Centre, 219 Huntingdon Road, Cambridge CB3 0DL, UK;
[email protected]
HeidiWittmerHelmholtzCentreforEnvironmentalResearch-UFZ,Permoserstr,15,
04318Leipzig,Germany;[email protected]
Sven Wunder Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Rua do
Russel, 450/sala 601, Bairro: Gloria, CEP: 22.210-010, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;
[email protected]