Table Of ContentGlobal environmental problems are much worse and more difficult to solve
than the public believes. This book is concerned with the paradox that
humanity depends on biodiversity and landscape systems for its very
survival, yet, at the same time, the current burden of humanity's use of
living resources places the existence of these natural systems at risk.
The role of human values, technological society, and social and political
processes in the creation and solution of the paradox are explored in this
volume, whose origins lie in an international discussion meeting held at the
PennState Center for BioDiversity Research. Leading contributors to the
fields of biodiversity conservation, ecology, economics, entomology,
forestry, history, landscape management, philosophy, and sociology draw
from their unique disciplinary perspectives to consider the origins, bases,
and possible solutions to this pressing problem. The book shows that the
need for a solution is one of the most urgent facing humanity, yet the
challenge of solving it is one that will require a major shift in the composite
of human values.
BIODIVERSITY AND LANDSCAPES
BIODIVERSITY
AND LANDSCAPES
A paradox of humanity
Edited by
KE CHUNG KIM
The Pennsylvania State University
ROBERT D. WEAVER
The Pennsylvania State University
CAMBRIDGE
UNIVERSITY PRESS
CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS
Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, Sao Paulo, Delhi
Cambridge University Press
The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK
Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York
www. Cambridge. org
Information on this title: www.cambridge.org/9780521119337
© Cambridge University Press 1994
This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception
and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements,
no reproduction of any part may take place without the written
permission of Cambridge University Press.
First published 1994
Reprinted 1997
This digitally printed version 2009
A catalogue record for this publication is available from the British Library
ISBN 978-0-521-41789-1 hardback
ISBN 978-0-521-11933-7 paperback
Contents
Contributors Page vii
Preface xi
Part I: Introduction
1 Biodiversity and humanity: paradox and challenge
Ke Chung Kim and Robert D. Weaver 3
Part II: Human values and biodiversity
2 Thoreau and Leopold on science and values Bryan G. Norton 31
3 Creation: God and endangered species Holmes Rolston, III 47
4 Biodiversity and ecological justice Eric Katz 61
Part III: Human processes and biodiversity
5 Preindustrial man and environmental degradation
William T. Sanders and David Webster 11
6 Conserving biological diversity in the face of climate change
Robert L. Peters 105
7 We do not want to become extinct: the question of human
survival Norman Myers 133
8 Germplasm conservation and agriculture Garrison Wilkes 151
Part IV: Management of biodiversity and landscapes
9 The paradox of humanity: two views of biodiversity and
landscapes Eugene Hargrove 173
10 Biodiversity and landscape management Zev Naveh 187
11 Making a habit of restoration: saving the Eastern Deciduous
Forest Leslie Sauer 209
12 Landscapes and management for ecological integrity
James Karr 229
Part V: Socioeconomics of biodiversity
13 Economic valuation of biodiversity Robert D. Weaver 255
vi Contents
14 Thinking about the value of biodiversity Alan Randall 271
15 Lessons from the aging Amazon frontier: opportunities for genuine
development Christopher F. Uhl, Adalberto Verissimo,
Paulo Barreto, Marli Maria Mattos, and Recardo Tarifa 287
Part VI: Strategies for biodiversity conservation
16 Market-based economic development and biodiversity:
an assessment of conflict Robert D. Weaver 307
17 Technology and biodiversity conservation: are they incompatible?
John Cairns, Jr. 327
18 "Emergy" evaluation of biodiversity for ecological engineering
Howard T. Odum 339
19 Urban horticulture: a part of the biodiversity picture
Harold Tukey 361
20 The watchdog role of nongovernmental environmental
organizations M. Rupert Cutler 371
21 Legislative and public agency initiatives in ecosystem and
biodiversity conservation Michael J. Bean 381
Part VII: Biodiversity and landscapes: postscript
22 Biodiversity and humanity: toward a new paradigm
Robert D. Weaver and Ke Chung Kim 393
Index 425
Contributors
Paulo Barreto
Institute do Homeme do Meio Ambiente da Amazonia, Caixa Postal 1015,
Belem, Para 66.000, Brazil
Michael J. Bean
Environmental Defense Fund, 11616 P. Street, NW, Suite 150, Washington, DC
20036, USA
John Cairns, Jr.
Center for Environmental and Hazardous Materials Studies, Virginia Poly-
technic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0415 USA
M. Rupert Cutler
Virginia Explore Park, 101 South Jefferson St., 6th Floor, Roanoke, VA 24011
USA
Eugene Hargrove
Dept. of Philosophy, University of North Texas, P.O. Box 13496, Denton, TX
76203-3496 USA
James Karr
Institute for Environmental Studies, Engineering Annex FM-12, University of
Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
Eric Katz
Department of Social Science and Policy Studies, New Jersey Institute of
Technology, Newark, NJ 07102 USA
Ke Chung Kim
Center for BioDiversity Research, The Pennsylvania State University, Land
and Water Research Building, University Park, PA 16802
Marli Maria Mattos
Institute do Homeme do Meio Ambiente da Amazonia, Caixa Postal 1015,
Belem, Para 66.000, Brazil
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