Biodegradable and Environmental Applications of Bionanocomposites

271 Pages·2022·8.873 MB·English

by  Visakh P. M.

Advanced Structured Materials
Visakh P. M.   Editor
Biodegradable and
Environmental
Applications
of Bionanocomposites
Advanced Structured Materials
Volume 177
Series Editors
Andreas Öchsner, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Esslingen University of
Applied Sciences, Esslingen, Germany
Lucas F. M. da Silva, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of
Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
Holm Altenbach , Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Otto von Guericke
University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Sachsen-Anhalt, Germany
Common engineering materials are reaching their limits in many applications, and
new developments are required to meet the increasing demands on engineering mate-
rials. The performance of materials can be improved by combining different materials
to achieve better properties than with a single constituent, or by shaping the material
or constituents into a specific structure. The interaction between material and struc-
ture can occur at different length scales, such as the micro, meso, or macro scale,
and offers potential applications in very different fields.
This book series addresses the fundamental relationships between materials and
their structure on overall properties (e.g., mechanical, thermal, chemical, electrical,
or magnetic properties, etc.). Experimental data and procedures are presented, as
well as methods for modeling structures and materials using numerical and analyt-
ical approaches. In addition, the series shows how these materials engineering and
design processes are implemented and how new technologies can be used to optimize
materials and processes.
Advanced Structured Materials is indexed in Google Scholar and Scopus.
Visakh P. M.
Editor
Biodegradable
and Environmental
Applications
of Bionanocomposites
Editor
Visakh P. M.
Department of Physical Electronics
Tomsk State University of Control Systems
and Radioelectronics
Tomsk, Russia
ISSN 1869-8433 ISSN 1869-8441 (electronic)
Advanced Structured Materials
ISBN 978-3-031-13342-8 ISBN 978-3-031-13343-5 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13343-5
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Preface
Biodegradable polymers and their bionanocomposites based on layered silicates:
Environmental applications are given in Chap. 1. Chapter 2 offers a review of
chitosan/poly (ethylene glycol)/ZnO bionanocomposite for wound healing appli-
cation. This chapter covers the introduction to chitosan, its properties, and some
novel potential applications of chitosan bionanocomposite for wound healing
application. Preparation and applications of chitosan–gold bionanocomposites are
described in Chap. 3. Preparation strategies for chitosan–gold nanocomposite
and applications of chitosan–gold nanocomposites are described in this chapter.
Different applications of chitosan–gold bionanocomposites such as textile industry,
improvement in textile functionalities by chitosan–gold nanocomposite, wound
healing by chitosan graft scaffoldings composite, and wound healing by peptide
conjugate-chitosan/derivatives are also described.
Chapter 4 deals with the environmental properties and applications of cellulose
and chitin-based bionanocomposites. In this chapter, the sources and properties as
well as the extraction and preparation methods of the corresponding cellulose and
chitin bionanocomposites are introduced. The environmental characterizations of
cellulose and chitin-based bionanocomposites and their applications in various fields
are reported.
Chapter 5 discusses the polylactic acid/halloysite nanotube bionanocomposite
films for food packaging. In addition, the polylactic acid/halloysite nanotube
bionanocomposite preparation and characterizations are also described. Food pack-
aging application of polylactic acid/halloysite nanotube bionanocomposite is also
discussed. A detailed review of preparation of ZnO/chitosan nanocomposite is
covered in Chap. 6.
“Polymer Composites Scaffolds for Bone Implants: A Review” is discussed in
Chap. 7. In this chapter, strategies and techniques to engineer new kind of polymer
surface to promote osteoconduction with host tissues will be discussed. Also, bene-
fits and applications of polymeric composite scaffolds for orthopedic surgery will be
discussed. Biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol/starch/halloysite nanotube bionanocom-
posite are discussing in final chapter, Preparation and Characterization of Biodegrad-
able nanocomposites are also reported.
v
vi Preface
In this book, chapter authors have reviewed different aspects of biodegradable
polymers and their bionanocomposites. This book is a valuable reference source for
faculties, professionals, research fellows, senior graduate students, and researchers
working in the field of biodegradable polymers and their bionanocomposites. The use
of biodegradable bionanocomposites is considered as a promising area of research;
a lot of research activities are going on, and some knowledge of bionanocomposites
is helpful to bring a change in the current techniques and applications. Finally, we
would like to express our sincere gratitude to all the contributors of this book, who
made excellent support to the successful completion of this venture. We also thank
the publisher Springer for recognizing the demand and importance of biodegradable
bionanocomposites.
Tomsk, Russia Visakh P. M.
Contents
1 Biodegradable Polymers and Their Bionanocomposites Based
on Layered Silicates: Environmental Applications ................. 1
Julia Martín, María del Mar Orta, Santiago Medina-Carrasco,
Juan Luis Santos, Irene Aparicio, and Esteban Alonso
1.1 Introduction ............................................... 2
1.2 Biodegradable Polymers ..................................... 3
1.3 Biodegradable Polymer-Based Bionanocomposites .............. 4
1.3.1 Chitosan/Clay Nanocomposites ........................ 9
1.3.2 Starch/Clay Nanocomposites .......................... 10
1.3.3 Alginate–Clay Nanocomposites ........................ 11
1.3.4 Cellulose/Clay Nanocomposites ........................ 12
1.3.5 Protein–Clay Nanocomposites ......................... 13
1.3.6 Polylactic Acid/Clay Nanocomposites .................. 14
1.4 Preparation of Biopolymer–Clay Nanocomposites ............... 14
1.4.1 Solution-Blending Method ............................ 15
1.4.2 Melt-Blending Method ................................ 15
1.4.3 In Situ Polymerization Method ......................... 16
1.5 Characterization Techniques ................................. 17
1.6 Environmental Applications .................................. 20
1.6.1 Bionanocomposites with Layered Silicates in Soil
and Water Treatment ................................. 20
1.6.2 Bionanocomposites with Layered Silicates for Food
Packaging ........................................... 22
1.6.3 Bionanocomposites with Layered Silicates
for Agricultural Applications .......................... 23
1.7 Conclusion ................................................ 23
References ..................................................... 24
2 Chitosan/Poly (Ethylene Glycol)/ZnO Bionanocomposite
for Wound Healing Application .................................. 31
Zahra Emam-Djomeh and Mehdi Hajikhani
vii
viii Contents
2.1 Introduction ............................................... 31
2.2 Chitosan .................................................. 32
2.3 Poly (Ethylene Glycol) ...................................... 41
2.4 Chitosan/Poly (Ethylene Glycol)/ZnO Bionanocomposite ........ 44
2.5 Wound Healing Application .................................. 47
2.6 Conclusion ................................................ 53
References ..................................................... 53
3 Preparation and Applications of Chitosan–Gold
Bionanocomposites ............................................. 67
Rishabh Anand Omar and Monika Jain
3.1 Introduction ............................................... 67
3.2 Chitosan–Gold Nanocomposite ............................... 69
3.3 Preparation Strategies for Chitosan–Gold Nanocomposite ........ 70
3.3.1 General Synthesis .................................... 71
3.3.2 Physical Methods .................................... 71
3.3.3 Radiolysis, Sonochemistry and Photochemical (UV,
Near-IR) Strategies ................................... 71
3.3.4 Chemical Synthesis .................................. 72
3.3.5 Reduction by Borohydride ............................ 72
3.3.6 Citrate Reduction .................................... 73
3.3.7 Synthesis by Seeding Growth Technique ................ 73
3.3.8 Biosynthesis Technique ............................... 73
3.4 Applications of Chitosan–Gold Nanocomposites ................ 74
3.4.1 Textile Industry ...................................... 74
3.4.2 Improvement in Textile Functionalities
by Chitosan–Gold Nanocomposite ...................... 77
3.4.3 Effluent Treatment Application ........................ 78
3.4.4 Bioremediation ...................................... 79
3.4.5 Application in Biomedical Field ........................ 80
3.5 Future Applications ......................................... 86
References ..................................................... 87
4 Environmental Properties and Applications of Cellulose
and Chitin-Based Bionanocomposites ............................ 99
Renyan Zhang and Hui Xu
4.1 Introduction ............................................... 99
4.1.1 Cellulose ........................................... 99
4.1.2 Chitin .............................................. 104
4.2 Environmental Properties .................................... 106
4.2.1 Mechanical Properties ................................ 107
4.2.2 Thermal Properties ................................... 107
4.2.3 Barrier Properties .................................... 108
4.2.4 Biodegradability ..................................... 108
4.2.5 Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties ................. 109
4.3 Applications of Cellulose-Based Bionanocomposites ............ 109
Contents ix
4.3.1 Electronics Device Industry ........................... 110
4.3.2 Biomedicine Industry ................................. 111
4.3.3 Food Industry ....................................... 116
4.3.4 Environmental Protection ............................. 117
4.4 Applications of Chitin-Based Bionanocomposites ............... 120
4.4.1 Biomedicine Industry ................................. 120
4.4.2 Environmental Protection ............................. 122
4.4.3 Food Industry ....................................... 124
4.4.4 Agriculture .......................................... 126
4.4.5 Cosmetics ........................................... 126
4.5 Conclusion ................................................ 127
References ..................................................... 128
5 Polylactic Acid/Halloysite Nanotube Bionanocomposite Films
for Food Packaging ............................................. 141
Zahra Emam-Djomeh and Hajikhani Mehdi
5.1 Introduction ............................................... 141
5.2 Polylactic Acid ............................................. 143
5.3 Polylactic Acid/Halloysite Nanotube Bionanocomposite ......... 148
5.4 Food Packaging Application of Polylactic Acid/Halloysite
Nanotube Bionanocomposite ................................. 152
5.5 Conclusion ................................................ 158
References ..................................................... 158
6 Preparation of ZnO/Chitosan Nanocomposite and Its
Applications to Durable Antibacterial, UV-Blocking,
and Textile Properties .......................................... 169
Tanmoy Dutta, Abdul Ashik Khan, Nabajyoti Baildya,
Palas Mondal, and Narendra Nath Ghosh
6.1 Introduction ............................................... 169
6.2 Preparation of ZnO/Chitosan Nanocomposite ................... 173
6.2.1 General Mechanism of the Formation of ZnO/Chitosan
Nanocomposite ...................................... 176
6.3 Antibacterial Activity of ZnO/Chitosan Nanocomposite .......... 176
6.3.1 Probable Mechanism of the Antibacterial Activity
of ZnO/Chitosan Nanocomposite ....................... 180
6.4 Applications of ZnO/Chitosan Nanocomposite in Textiles ........ 181
6.5 Applications of ZnO/Chitosan Nanocomposite
as a UV-Blocker ............................................ 182
6.6 Conclusion ................................................ 183
References ..................................................... 183
7 Polymeric Nano-Composite Scaffolds for Bone Tissue
Engineering: Review ............................................ 189
Lokesh Kumar and Dheeraj Ahuja
7.1 Introduction ............................................... 190