Table Of ContentP. K. Stumpf and E. E. Conn
EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
Department of Biochemistry
and Biophysics
University of California
Davis, California
Volume 1 The Plant Cell N. E. Tolbert, Editor
Volume 2 Metabolism and Respiration David D. Davies, Editor
Volume 3 Carbohydrates: Structure and Function Jack Preiss, Editor
Volume 4 Lipids: Structure and Function P. K. Stumpf, Editor
Volume 5 Amino Acids and Derivatives B. J. Miflin, Editor
Volume 6 Proteins and Nucleic Acids Abraham Marcus, Editor
Volume 7 Secondary Plant Products E. E. Conn, Editor
Volume 8 Photosynthesis M. D. Hatch and N. K. Boardman, Editors
Volume 9 Lipids: Structure and Function P. K. Stumpf, Editor
Volume 10 Photosynthesis M. D. Hatch and N. K. Boardman, Editors
Volume 11 Biochemistry of Metabolism David D. Davies, Editor
Volume 12 Physiology of Metabolism David D. Davies, Editor
Volume 13 Methodology David D. Davies, Editor
Volume 14 Carbohydrates Jack Preiss, Editor
Volume 15 Molecular Biology Abraham Marcus, Editor
Volume 16 Intermediary Nitrogen Metabolism B. J. Miflin, Editor
THE
BIOCHEMISTRY
OF PLANTS
A COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE
Volume 11
Biochemistry of Metabolism
David D. Davies, editor
School of Biological Sciences
University of East Anglia
Norwich, United Kingdom
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
San Diego New York Berkeley Boston
London Sydney Tokyo Toronto
COPYRIGHT © 1987 BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR
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ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
1250 Sixth Avenue, San Diego, California 92101
United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD.
24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
(Revised for volumes 11 & 12)
The Biochemistry of plants.
Vols. edited by David D. Davies.
Vols. have imprint: Orlando : Academic Press.
Includes bibliographies and indexes.
Contents: v. 1. The plant cell.—[etc.]—v. 1Ί.
Biochemistry of metabolism.—v. 12. Physiology of
metabolism.
1. Botanical chemistry—Collected works.
I. Stumpf, Paul K. (Paul Karl). Date.
II. Conn, Eric E. III. Davies, D. D. (David Denzil)
QK861.B48 581.19'2 80-13168
ISBN 0-12-675411-X (v. 11 : alk. paper)
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
87 88 89 90 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
List of Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors1 contributions begin.
Renaud Brouquisse (177), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires et Université Scienti-
fique et Médicale, Département de Recherche Fondamentale, Physiolo-
gie Cellulaire Végétale, ERA au CNRS No 847, 85X1, 38041 Grenoble
Cedex, France
James H. Bryce1 (213), Botany Department, University of Adelaide, Box 498
GPO, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
Les Copeland (107), Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of
Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
Edwin A. Cossins (317), Department of Botany, University of Alberta, Ed-
monton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E9
David D. Davies (1), School of Biological Sciences, University of East
Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, United Kingdom
Roland Douce (177), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires et Université Scientifique
et Médicale, Département de Recherche Fondamentale, Physiologie
Cellulaire Végétale, ERA au CNRS No 847, 85X1, 38041 Grenoble Ce-
dex, France
Ian B. Dry (213), Botany Department, University of Adelaide, Box 498
GPO, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
Erich F. Elstner (253), Lehrstuhl für Botanik, Institut für Botanik und Mi-
krobiologie, Der Technischen Universität München, Arcisstrasse 21,
800 München 2, Federal Republic of Germany
1 Present address: Botany Department, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, Scot-
land, United Kingdom.
ix
X List of Contributors
Xavier Gidrol (129), Station de Physiologie Végétale, Institute National de la
Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Bordeaux, 33140
Pont-de-la-Maye, France
Etienne-Pascal Journet (177), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires et Université
Scientifique et Médicale, Département de Recherche Fondamentale,
Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, ERA au CNRS No 847, 85X1, 38041
Grenoble Cedex, France
H. Kacser (39), Department of Genetics, University of Edinburgh, King's
Building, Edinburgh EH9 3HN, United Kingdom
Alain Pradet (129), Station de Physiologie Végétale, Institute National de la
Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Bordeaux, 33140
Pont-de-la-Maye, France
Philippe Raymond (129), Station de Physiologie Végétale, Institute National
de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Bordeaux,
33140 Pont-de-la-Maye, France
Jacques Ricard (69), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre
de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, 31 Chemin Joseph-Aiguier, BP
71, 13277 Marseille Cedex 9, France
Christophe Salon (129), Station de Physiologie Végétale, Institute National
de la Recherche Agronomique, Centre de Recherches de Bordeaux,
33140 Pont-de-la-Maye, France
John F. Turner (107), Department of Agricultural Chemistry, University of
Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
Joseph T. Wiskich (213), Botany Department, University of Adelaide, Box
498 GPO, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
General Preface
In 1950, a new book entitled "Plant Biochemistry" was authored by James
Bonner and published by Academic Press. It contained 490 pages, and much of
the information described therein referred to animal or bacterial systems. This
book had two subsequent editions, in 1965 and 1976.
In 1980, our eight-volume series entitled "The Biochemistry of Plants: A
Comprehensive Treatise" was published by Academic Press; this multivolume,
multiauthored treatise contained 4670 pages.
Since 1980, the subject of plant biochemistry has expanded into a vigorous
discipline that penetrates all aspects of agricultural research. Recently a large
number of research-oriented companies have been formed to explore and exploit
the discipline of plant biochemistry, and older established chemical companies
have also become heavily involved in plant-oriented research. With this in mind,
Academic Press and the editors-in-chief of the treatise felt it imperative to update
these volumes. Rather than have each chapter completely rewritten, it was de-
cided to employ the approach used so successfully by the editors of Methods in
Enzymology, in which contributors are invited to update those areas of research
that are most rapidly expanding. In this way, the 1980 treatise constitutes a set of
eight volumes with much background information, while the new volumes both
update subjects that are rapidly developing and discuss some wholly new areas.
The editors-in-chief have therefore invited the editors of the 1980 volumes to pro-
ceed on the basis of this concept. As a result, new volumes are forthcoming on
lipids; general metabolism, including respiration; carbohydrates; amino acids;
molecular biology; and photosynthesis. Additional volumes will be added as the
need arises.
Once again we thank our editorial colleagues for accepting the important task
of selecting authors to update chapters for their volumes and bringing their
xi
xii General Prefaee
volumes promptly to completion. And once again we thank Mrs. Billie Gabriel
and Academic Press for their assistance in this project.
P. K. Stumpf
E. E. Conn
Preface to Volume 11
The change from one form to another may be mystical, as in the Christian
doctrine of the Eucharist, or verifiable and explicable, as in the framework of
chemistry. The word "metabolism," from the greek metabole, meaning
"change," has been used by theologians to characterize the doctrinal views
of the Eucharist held by Ignatius and Justin. These early Christian writers
seem to have viewed the Eucharistie change of forms as something between
transubstantiation and the merely symbolic.
Biochemists use the word "metabolism" to designate the complex
changes that molecules undergo within living organisms. Few practicing
biochemists imagine that the broader sense of the word has any relevance to
their research work. However, just as the roots of astronomy lie in astrol-
ogy, so the roots of chemistry lie in alchemy. It is salutary to remember the
research papers that purport to show that sealed glass tubes containing algae
increase their mass when illuminated; that plants grow more rapidly to the
sound of music; that ATP can be hydrolyzed by centrifugation at 200 g and
by the sound of bagpipes; and that isolated and highly purified enzymes
show oscillations in catalytic activity when stored in test tubes at constant
temperatures. In trying to comprehend these demonstrations of the unbe-
lievable, it is perhaps worth noting that Raymond Lully, who is said to have
transmutated 50,000 lb of quicksilver into gold before King Edward I of
England, also invented the Ars Demonstrativa Veritatis for the purpose of
proving that the mysteries of faith were not contrary to reason.
In a moment of weakness one may be tempted to read a horoscope or
succumb to a heresy of mysticism. The anchor for the research biochemist is
the recognition that living organisms can operate only within the laws of
xiii
xiv Preface to Volume 11
chemistry. If experiments suggest otherwise, check the experiment rather
than the precept.
This volume is concerned with the more chemical and biochemical aspects
of metabolism. Considerable emphasis has been placed on control mecha-
nisms, and all the authors have made important contributions to our under-
standing of metabolic control. The editors-in-chief, the publisher, and the
authors have all made my task of editing this volume pleasurable. Scientific
work is undertaken for interest and pleasure; I hope that the reader will have
both from this volume.
David D. Davies
Introduction: A History of 1
the Biochemistry of Plant
Respiration
DAVID D. DAVIES
I. Introduction
A. The Need to Study the History of Science
B. Biochemistry and World History
II. Enzymology
A. The Nature of Enzymes
B. One Gene, One Enzyme
C. Enzyme Kinetics
D. The Kinetics of Regulatory Enzymes
III. The Control of Metabolism
A. The Law of Limiting Factors
B. Master Reactions or Pacemakers
C. Equilibrium Reactions and Metabolic Ratios
IV. Biological Oxidations
A. Oxidases
B. Dehydrogenases
C. Hydrogen Activation or Oxygen Activation
D. The Cytochrome System
E. The Requirement for Phosphate
V. Organelles and Metabolism
A. Mitochondria
B. Glyoxysomes
C. Peroxisomes
VI. The Crystal Ball
References
The Biochemistry of Plants, Vol. 11 1
Copyright © 1987 by Academic Press, Inc.
All rights of reproduction in any form reserved.
