Table Of Content33. Colloquium der Gesellschaft fUr Biologische Chemie
25.-27. Marz 1982 in Mosbach/Baden
Biochemistry of
Differentiation
and Morphogenesis
Edited by L. Jaenicke
With 158 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York 1982
Professor Dr. LOTHAR JAENICKE
Institut fOr Biochemie
der Universitat zu K.oln
An der BottmOhle 2
0-5000 Koln 1, FRG
ISBN 978-3-642-68835-5 ISBN 978-3-642-68833-1 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-68833-1
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Preface
The topic of this Mosbach Colloquium was meant as a question to begin
with. When I started to study differentiation and morphogenesis in
Volvox I hoped for a straightforward answer along prepared grooves -
only to find out that also here things follow Murphy's Law: they were
much more complicated than expected! Succour had to be sought. Thus,
the idea arose to put this question before a board of experts.
Experience would have warned any ex-service man never to utter an
idea or else you would be made responsible, and it came as it had to
come: I was made impressario of this gremium; I had to assemble the
experts. These Proceedings contain their expertise. I cannot even say
that I biased it by my picking. In the beginning I aimed at setting
different accents by inclination and force of habit. Then, by trial
and error, by advice and declination, the programme shaped itself. It
eventually gained momentum of which also the size of this volume is
indicative.
In this volume are printed all the papers presented - with two regret
ted exceptions - but not the sometimes lively discussion, which clari
fied and pruned here and there. It would just have made the size too
unwieldy.
Differentiation and morphogenesis start with the expression of genes.
The development programme reels off the genome and is regulated by
the position of the appropriate genes. Their structure is in the focus
of gene biochemistry since the decisive tools have become available.
Gene expression is under hormonal and environmental control in plants
and animals. This offers possibilities of influencing developmental
processes at the fundamental level at will.
Transfer of genes by plasmids or viruses changes natural differentia
tion programmes. This is studied at different levels of organization
from plant crown gall tumours to animal neoplasias. Modification of
deoxy and ribonucleic acids is part of the game.
Cellular differentiation gives rise to specific tissues. Thus, spores
of bacteria are formed or somatic and gonidial cells are differenti
ated in flagellates up to the determination of function during embryo
genesis in mammalian development. Insects offer particularly attrac
tive objects for the study of gene activation.
Tissue is formed by adhesion of cells which recognize each other by
means of surface-specific information. This may be chemical, such as
glycoproteins or glycolipids, or physical, such as ion gradients. The
cell surface changes with functional differentiation. By messages of
this kind the ultimate network of functional organization in the most
highly evolved forms of life is finally connected.
Messengers of morphogenesis have been found and identified widely in
nature. The spectrum reaches from small molecules to complex proteins,
VI
the research objects from unicellular leucocytes and simply organized
creatures to embryonic development of higher animals. Also here, thor
ough study of a relatively primitive system led to a break-through and
demonstrated again the basic generality of information flow by peptide
"hormones" through all classes of living systems.
Much had to be left out of the programme of this meeting, but, hope
fully, the pointillistic treatment of the subject animates and attracts
new interest in one of the oldest fields of general biochemistry since
Spemann first postulated molecular organizers and inducers to explain
differentiation and morphogenesis almost 80 years ago. At least we can
state that much more detailed knowledge has accumulated through the
effort of three generations, and the time may be ripe to apply it to
uncover another layer of the intricate origins of life.
This issue has a rather toilsome history of birth: Gratefully acknow
ledged punctuality alternated with disenchanting delays and even refus
als, sometimes at a last minute and after much nerve-racking corre
spondence.
Now, after the feast, I may thank all the active participants and
patient advisors, the audience and the helpers, on the stage as well
as behind the scene, for making the 33rd Mosbach Meeting a reasonable
success. Springer-Verlag, as usual, took care to produce a fine book.
May the reader be pleased with the contents, too, in finding up-to
date information on a timely borderline field of Biochemistry, pre
sented from different and sometimes unusual angles. It was the aim to
show the broad overlaps and indentations that make Biochemistry such
a strong binding link between physical and biological sciences. Eight
years ago, the same intention also underlaid the 25th Mosbach Collo
quium on Biochemistry of Sensory Functions: Both volumes are like a
tema con variazioni on the leitmotiv: Signal reception and processing -
then to answer a message, to-day to direct function and shape.
Polite friends said that the Colloquium was a success. If this is
true - which I hope - I have to thank the colleagues who helped to
fill and fit the programme.
Oktober 1982 L. JAENICKE
Contents
Gene Expression
Synchrony of Gene Expression and Regulation of the
Developmental Program in Normal and Leukemic Cells
L. Sachs (With 7 Figures)......................................... 3
Structure and Tissue-Specific Expression of Members of
the Mouse a-Amylase Multigene Family
P.K. Wellauer, U. Schibler, O. Hagenbtichle, R.A. Young,
and M. Tosi (With 3 Figures) .................................•.... 16
Actin and Myosin Genes and Their Expression During
Skeletal Muscle Myogenesis
M.E. Buckingham, A. Minty, S. Alonso, M. Caravatti,
B. Robert, A. Cohen, G. Bugaisky, P. Daubas, and
A. Weydert (With 6 Figures) .......................•............... 22
Regulation of Flavonoid and Phytoalexin Accumulation Through
mRNA and Enzyme Induction in Cultured Plant Cells
"K. Hahlbrock, F. Kreuzaler, H. Ragg, E. Fautz,
and D.N. Kuhn (With 6 Figures) .................................... 34
Regulation of Gene Expression During Embryonic Development
W. Knochel (With 4 Figures)....................................... 44
The Yeast Mating Type System - A Model for the Regulation of
Gene Expression by the Position of a Certain Gene Within the
Genome?
U. Wintersberger and R. Schiestl (With 2 Figures) ................. 50
Expression of Gap Junction Protein in Liver and Lens Fiber
Tissue
K. Willecke, O. Traub, U. JanBen-Timmen, P. Drtige,
and R. Dermietzel (With 4 Figures) ................................ 54
Transfer of Genes
Plant Cells Transformed by Modified Ti Plasmids:
A Model System to Study Plant Development
J. Schell, M. Van Montagu, M. Holsters, J.P. Hernalsteens,
P. Dhaese, H. De Greve, J. Leemans, H. Joos, D. Inze,
L. Willmitzer, L. Otten, A. Wostemeyer, G. Schroder,
and J. Schroder (With 2 Figures).................................. 65
The Dualism of Expression of one-Genes:
Transformation versus Differentiation
H. Bauer, A. Barnekow, C.B. Boschek, R.R. Friis,
and A. Ziemiecki (With 9 Figures) ................................. 74
VIII
The Biology of an Oncogene, Based upon Studies on
Neoplasia in Xiphopho!'Us
F. Anders (With 15 Figures)...................................... 91
Involvement of tRNA and the Modified Nucleoside
Queuosine in Cell Development and Differentiation
H. Kersten (With 1 Figure) .....•..••••••••••••••..•.•..•..••••••. 116
Cell Differentiation
Regulation of Bacterial Sporogenesis
J. Szulmajster (With 11 Figures) .••••..•.....•..••••...•••.••••.• 123
The Human Epsilon Globin Gene - A Paradigm for
Erythroid Differentiation
J. Paul, M. Allan, J. Grindlay, and D. Spandidos
(Wi th 7 Figures)................................................. 142
Erythrocyte Heterokaryons - A Model System for the
Analysis of Cell Determination and Gene Regulation
N.R. Ringertz, S. Linder, S. Zuckerman, and G. Lanfranchi
(With 5 Figures)................................................. 154
Regulation of Development of Salivary Glands in
3rd Instar DrosophUa meZanogaster Larvae by Ecdysone
B. Dworniczak, S. Kobus, K. Eiteljorge, and O. Pongs
(With 10 Figures) .•.•.•.•..•..•...•....•••••••....•.••.••••.••..• 163
The Gene for Chicken Lysozyme: Structure and Expression
of a Steroid Regulated Gene
A.E. Sippel and J. Nowock (With 5 Figures) ••.•..•••••....•••••••• 177
Regulation of Structural Sperm Protein Synthesis
by Y Chromosomal Loci
T. Hulsebos, J. Hackstein, and W. Hennig
(Wi th 3 Figures)................................................. 184
Cell Recognition
Cell Recognition by Axonal Growth Cones in Vitro
F. Bonhoeffer and B. Kern-Veits (With 2 Figures) ....•....•.•••.•. 191
Muscle Transplantation in Mammals: A Tool to Study
Neuromuscular Mutations and Specificity of Innervation
H. Jockusch (Wi th 3 Figures)..................................... 195
Altered Cell Surface Glycosphingolipids of Murine
Lymphocytes Belonging to Different Differentiation Pathways
P.F. Mlihlradt, B. Kniep, and R.G. Gruner (With 7 Figures) •.•••••. 199
Morphogenesis
Conjugation of Ciliates in Biochemistry of
Multicellular Morphogenesis
A. Miyake (With 15 Figures)...................................... 211
IX
Molecules Involved in Morphogenesis in the
Multicellular Stage of Dictyosteliwn discoidewn
K.L. Williams (With 4 Figures) ......................•............ 231
Hormonal Control of Regeneration in Hydra
H.C. Schaller and H. Bodenmliller (With 6 Figures) ................ 247
Inflammatory Mediators and Wound Hormones: Chemical Signals
for Differentiation and Morphogenesis in Tissue Regeneration
and Healing
J.H. Wissler (With 6 Figures) ...•................................ 257
Signals of Cell Determination in Embryogenesis
H. Tiedemann (With 12 Figures) .................•................. 275
Differentiation and Embryogenesis in Volvox carteri
L. Jaenicke and R. Gilles (With 3 Figures) ....................... 288
Subject Index .•...........•...•.•.............•............•..... 295
Contributors
You will find the addresses at the beginning of the respective contribution
Allan, M. 142 Kreuzaler, F. 34
Alonso, S. 22 Kuhn, D. N . 34
Anders, F. 91 Lanfranchi, G. 154
Barnekow, A. 74 Leemans, J. 65
Bauer, H. 74 Linder, S. 154
Bodenmliller, H. 247 Minty, A. 22
Bonhoeffer, F. 191 Miyake, A. 211
Boschek, C.B. 74 Mlihlradt, P.F. 199
Buckingham, M.E. 22 Nowock, J. 177
Bugaisky, G. 22 Otten, L. 65
Caravatti, M. 22 Paul, J. 142
Cohen, A. 22 Pongs, o. 163
Daubas, P. 22 Ragg, H. 34
De Greve, H. 65 Ringertz, N.R. 154
Dermietzel, R. 54 Robert, B. 22
Dhaese, P. 65 Sachs, L. 3
Drlige, P. 54 Schaller, H.C. 247
Dworniczak, B. 163 Schell, J. 65
Eiteljorge, K. 163 Schibler, U. 16
Fautz, E. 34 Schiestl, R. 50
Friis, R.R. 74 Schroder, G. 65
Gilles, R. 288 Schroder, J. 65
Grindlay, J. 142 Sippel, A.E. 177
Gruner, R.G. 199 Spandidos, D. 142
Hackstein, J. 184 Szulmajster, J. 123
Hagenblichle, o. 16 Tiedemann, H. 275
Hahlbrock, K. 34 Tosi, M. 16
Hennig, W. 184 Traub, o. 54
Hernalsteens, J.P. 65 Van Montagu, M. 65
Holsters, M. 65 Wellauer, P.K. 16
Hulsebos, T. 184 Weydert, A. 22
Inze, D. 65 Willecke, K. 54
Jaenicke, L. 288 Williams, K.L. 231
JanBen-Timmen, U. 54 Willmitzer, L. 65
Jockusch, H. 195 Wintersberger, U. 50
Joos, H. 65 Wissler, J.H. 257
Kern-Veits, B. 191 wostemeyer, A. 65
Kersten, H. 116 Young, R.A. 16
Kniep, B. 199 Ziemiecki, A. 74
Knochel, W. 44 Zuckerman, S. 154
Kobus, S. 163
Gene Expression
