Table Of ContentShigeoKatoh,Jun-ichiHoriuchi,and
FumitakeYoshida
BiochemicalEngineering
RelatedTitles
Hill,C.G.,Root,T.W. Wiley-VCH(ed.)
IntroductiontoChemical Ullmann’sReaction
EngineeringKinetics&Reactor Engineering
Design 2VolumeSet
SecondEdition
2013
2014 PrintISBN:978-3-527-33371-4
PrintISBN:978-1-118-36825-1;alsoavailable
Buzzi-Ferraris,G./Manenti,F.
inelectronicformats
FundamentalsandLinear
Soetaert,W.,Vandamme,E.J.(eds.)
AlgebrafortheChemical
IndustrialBiotechnology
Engineer
SustainableGrowthandEconomic
SolvingNumericalProblems
Success
2010
2010
PrintISBN:978-3-527-32552-8
PrintISBN:978-3-527-31442-3;alsoavailable
inelectronicformats InterpolationandRegression
Wiley-VCH(ed.) ModelsfortheChemical
Ullmann’sBiotechnologyand Engineer
BiochemicalEngineering SolvingNumericalProblems
2VolumeSet 2010
PrintISBN:978-3-527-32652-5
2007
PrintISBN:978-3-527-31603-8 NonlinearSystemsand
Buchholz,K.,Collins,J. Optimizationforthe
ConceptsinBiotechnology ChemicalEngineer
History,ScienceandBusiness SolvingNumericalProblems
2010 2013
PrintISBN:978-3-527-33274-8;alsoavailable
PrintISBN:978-3-527-31766-0
inelectronicformats
Buchholz,K.,Kasche,V.,Bornscheuer,U.T.
Differentialand
BiocatalystsandEnzyme
Differential-AlgebraicSystems
Technology
fortheChemicalEngineer
2ndEdition
SolvingNumericalProblems
2012
PrintISBN:978-3-527-32989-2;alsoavailable 2014
inelectronicformats PrintISBN:978-3-527-33275-5;alsoavailable
inelectronicformats
ShigeoKatoh,Jun-ichiHoriuchi,andFumitakeYoshida
Biochemical Engineering
ATextbookforEngineers,ChemistsandBiologists
Second,CompletelyRevisedandEnlargedEdition
TheAuthors AllbookspublishedbyWiley-VCHare
carefullyproduced.Nevertheless,authors,
Dr.ShigeoKatoh editors,andpublisherdonotwarrantthe
KobeUniversity informationcontainedinthesebooks,
GraduateSchoolofScienceandTechnol- includingthisbook,tobefreeoferrors.
ogy Readersareadvisedtokeepinmindthat
Kobe657-8501 statements,data,illustrations,procedural
Japan detailsorotheritemsmayinadvertently
beinaccurate.
Prof.Jun-ichiHoriuchi
KitamiInstituteofTechnology LibraryofCongressCardNo.:appliedfor
Biotechnology&Environmental
Chemistry BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-Publication
Koen-cho165 Data
Kitami Acataloguerecordforthisbookis
Hokkaido availablefromtheBritishLibrary.
Japan
Bibliographicinformationpublishedbythe
FumitakeYoshida DeutscheNationalbibliothek
FormerlyKyotoUniversity,Japan TheDeutscheNationalbibliothek
Sakyo-kuMatsugasaki liststhispublicationintheDeutsche
Yobikaeshi-cho2 Nationalbibliografie;detailed
Kyoto606-0912 bibliographicdataareavailableonthe
Japan Internetat<http://dnb.d-nb.de>.
©2015Wiley-VCHVerlagGmbH&Co.
KGaA,Boschstr.12,69469Weinheim,
Germany
Allrightsreserved(includingthoseof
translationintootherlanguages).Nopart
ofthisbookmaybereproducedinany
form–byphotoprinting,microfilm,
oranyothermeans–nortransmitted
ortranslatedintoamachinelanguage
withoutwrittenpermissionfromthe
publishers.Registerednames,trademarks,
etc.usedinthisbook,evenwhennot
specificallymarkedassuch,arenottobe
consideredunprotectedbylaw.
PrintISBN:978-3-527-33804-7
ePDFISBN:978-3-527-68499-1
ePubISBN:978-3-527-68501-1
MobiISBN:978-3-527-68500-4
oBookISBN:978-3-527-68498-4
CoverDesign Formgeber,Mannheim,
Germany
Typesetting LaserwordsPrivateLimited,
Chennai,India
PrintingandBinding MarkonoPrint
MediaPteLtd.,Singapore
Printedonacid-freepaper
V
Contents
PrefacetotheSecondEdition XIII
PrefacetotheFirstEdition XV
Aboutthecompanionwebsite XVII
Nomenclature XIX
PartI BasicConceptsandPrinciples 1
1 Introduction 3
1.1 BackgroundandScope 3
1.2 DimensionsandUnits 4
1.3 IntensiveandExtensiveProperties 6
1.4 EquilibriaandRates 6
1.5 BatchVersusContinuousOperation 8
1.6 MaterialBalance 8
1.7 EnergyBalance 9
References 11
FurtherReading 12
2 ElementsofPhysicalTransferProcesses 13
2.1 Introduction 13
2.2 HeatConductionandMolecularDiffusion 14
2.3 FluidFlowandMomentumTransfer 15
2.4 LaminarVersusTurbulentFlow 18
2.5 TransferPhenomenainTurbulentFlow 21
2.6 FilmCoefficientsofHeatandMassTransfer 23
FurtherReading 26
3 ChemicalandBiochemicalKinetics 27
3.1 Introduction 27
3.2 FundamentalReactionKinetics 27
3.2.1 RatesofChemicalReaction 27
3.2.1.1 ElementaryReactionandEquilibrium 28
3.2.1.2 TemperatureDependenceofReactionRateConstantk 29
VI Contents
3.2.1.3 RateEquationsforFirst-andSecond-OrderReactions 30
3.2.2 RatesofEnzymeReactions 34
3.2.2.1 KineticsofEnzymeReaction 35
3.2.2.2 EvaluationofKineticParametersinEnzymeReactions 37
3.2.2.3 InhibitionandRegulationofEnzymeReactions 39
References 45
FurtherReading 45
4 CellKinetics 47
4.1 Introduction 47
4.2 CellGrowth 47
4.3 GrowthPhasesinBatchCulture 49
4.4 FactorsAffectingRatesofCellGrowth 52
4.5 CellGrowthinBatchFermentorsandContinuousStirred-Tank
Fermentors(CSTF) 53
4.5.1 BatchFermentor 53
4.5.2 ContinuousStirred-TankFermentor 54
Reference 56
FurtherReading 56
PartII UnitOperationsandApparatusforBiosystems 57
5 HeatTransfer 59
5.1 Introduction 59
5.2 OverallCoefficientsUandFilmCoefficientsh 59
5.3 MeanTemperatureDifference 62
5.4 EstimationofFilmCoefficientsh 64
5.4.1 ForcedFlowofFluidsthroughTubes(Conduits) 65
5.4.2 ForcedFlowofFluidsacrossaTubeBank 67
5.4.3 LiquidsinJacketedorCoiledVessels 67
5.4.4 CondensingVaporsandBoilingLiquids 68
5.5 EstimationofOverallCoefficientsU 68
References 72
FurtherReading 72
6 MassTransfer 73
6.1 Introduction 73
6.2 OverallCoefficientsK andFilmCoefficientskofMassTransfer 73
6.3 TypesofMassTransferEquipment 77
6.3.1 PackedColumn 78
6.3.2 PlateColumn 79
6.3.3 SprayColumn 79
6.3.4 BubbleColumn 79
6.3.5 Packed-(Fixed-)BedColumn 80
6.3.6 OtherSeparationMethods 80
Contents VII
6.4 ModelsforMassTransferattheInterface 80
6.4.1 StagnantFilmModel 80
6.4.2 PenetrationModel 81
6.4.3 SurfaceRenewalModel 81
6.5 LiquidPhaseMassTransferwithChemicalReactions 82
6.6 CorrelationsforFilmCoefficientsofMassTransfer 84
6.6.1 Single-PhaseMassTransferInsideorOutsideTubes 84
6.6.2 Single-PhaseMassTransferinPackedBeds 85
6.6.3 J-Factor 86
6.7 PerformanceofPackedColumn 87
6.7.1 LimitingGasandLiquidVelocities 87
6.7.2 DefinitionsofVolumetricCoefficientsandHTUs 88
6.7.3 MassTransferRatesandEffectiveInterfacialAreas 91
References 95
FurtherReading 95
7 Bioreactors 97
7.1 Introduction 97
7.2 SomeFundamentalConcepts 98
7.2.1 BatchandContinuousReactors 98
7.2.2 EffectsofMixingonReactorPerformance 99
7.2.2.1 UniformlyMixedBatchReactor 99
7.2.2.2 ContinuousStirred-TankReactor(CSTR) 99
7.2.2.3 PlugFlowReactor(PFR) 100
7.2.2.4 ComparisonofFractionalConversionsbyCSTRandPFR 101
7.2.3 EffectsofMassTransferAroundandwithinCatalystorEnzymatic
ParticlesontheApparentReactionRates 102
7.2.3.1 LiquidFilmResistanceControlling 102
7.2.3.2 EffectsofDiffusionwithinCatalystParticles 103
7.2.3.3 EffectsofDiffusionwithinImmobilizedEnzymeParticles 105
7.3 BubblingGas–LiquidReactors 106
7.3.1 GasHoldup 106
7.3.2 InterfacialArea 107
7.3.3 MassTransferCoefficients 108
7.3.3.1 Definitions 108
7.3.3.2 MeasurementsofkLa 109
7.4 MechanicallyStirredTanks 111
7.4.1 General 111
7.4.2 PowerRequirementsofStirredTanks 113
7.4.2.1 UngassedLiquids 113
7.4.2.2 Gas-SpargedLiquids 114
7.4.3 kLainGas-SpargedStirredTanks 116
7.4.4 LiquidMixinginStirredTanks 118
7.4.5 SuspendingofSolidParticlesinLiquidinStirredTanks 119
7.5 GasDispersioninStirredTanks 120
VIII Contents
7.6 BubbleColumns 120
7.6.1 General 120
7.6.2 PerformanceofBubbleColumns 121
7.6.2.1 GasHoldup 121
7.6.2.2 kLa 122
7.6.2.3 BubbleSize 122
7.6.2.4 InterfacialAreaa 122
7.6.2.5 kL 123
7.6.2.6 OtherCorrelationsforkLa 123
7.6.2.7 kLaandGasHoldupforSuspensionsandEmulsions 124
7.7 AirliftReactors 125
7.7.1 ILAirlifts 125
7.7.2 ELAirlifts 126
7.8 Packed-BedReactors 127
7.9 Microreactors 127
References 131
FurtherReading 132
8 MembraneProcesses 133
8.1 Introduction 133
8.2 Dialysis 134
8.3 Ultrafiltration 136
8.4 Microfiltration 138
8.5 ReverseOsmosis 139
8.6 MembraneModules 141
8.6.1 FlatMembrane 141
8.6.2 SpiralMembrane 142
8.6.3 TubularMembrane 142
8.6.4 Hollow-FiberMembrane 142
References 143
FurtherReading 143
9 Cell–LiquidSeparationandCellDisruption 145
9.1 Introduction 145
9.2 ConventionalFiltration 145
9.3 Microfiltration 147
9.4 Centrifugation 148
9.5 CellDisruption 151
References 153
10 Sterilization 155
10.1 Introduction 155
10.2 KineticsofThermalDeathofCells 155
10.3 BatchHeatSterilizationofCultureMedia 156
10.4 ContinuousHeatSterilizationofCultureMedia 158
Contents IX
10.5 SterilizingFiltration 161
References 164
11 AdsorptionandChromatography 165
11.1 Introduction 165
11.2 EquilibriainAdsorption 165
11.2.1 LinearEquilibrium 165
11.2.2 AdsorptionIsothermsofLangmuirTypeandFreundlichType 166
11.3 RatesofAdsorptionintoAdsorbentParticles 167
11.4 Single-andMultistageOperationsforAdsorption 168
11.5 AdsorptioninFixedBeds 170
11.5.1 Fixed-BedOperation 170
11.5.2 EstimationoftheBreakPoint 171
11.6 SeparationbyChromatography 174
11.6.1 ChromatographyforBioseparation 174
11.6.2 GeneralTheoriesonChromatography 176
11.6.2.1 EquilibriumModel 176
11.6.2.2 StageModel 177
11.6.2.3 RateModel 177
11.6.3 ResolutionBetweenTwoElutionCurves 178
11.6.4 GelChromatography 179
11.6.5 AffinityChromatography 181
11.7 BiorecognitionAssay 183
11.7.1 AntigenRecognitionbyanAntibody 183
11.7.2 Enzyme-LinkedImmunosorbentAssay(ELISA) 183
References 187
FurtherReading 187
PartIII PracticalAspectsinBioengineering 189
12 FermentorEngineering 191
12.1 Introduction 191
12.2 StirrerPowerRequirementsforNon-NewtonianLiquids 193
12.3 HeatTransferinFermentors 195
12.4 Gas–LiquidMassTransferinFermentors 197
12.4.1 SpecialFactorsAffectingkLa 198
12.4.1.1 EffectsofElectrolytes 198
12.4.1.2 EnhancementFactor 198
12.4.1.3 PresenceofCells 199
12.4.1.4 EffectsofAntifoamAgentsandSurfactants 199
12.4.1.5 kLainEmulsions 199
12.4.1.6 kLainNon-NewtonianLiquids 201
12.4.2 DesorptionofCarbonDioxide 202
12.5 CriteriaforScaling-UpFermentors 204
12.6 ModesofFermentorOperation 206
