Table Of ContentSPRINGER BRIEFS IN MOLECULAR SCIENCE
BIOBASED POLYMERS
Tina Maver · Uroš Maver · Tanja Pivec
Manja Kurečič · Zdenka Peršin
Karin Stana Kleinschek
Bioactive
Polysaccharide
Materials for
Modern Wound
Healing
SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science
Biobased Polymers
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š
Tina Maver Uro Maver
(cid:129)
č č
Tanja Pivec Manja Kure i
(cid:129)
š
Zdenka Per in Karin Stana Kleinschek
(cid:129)
Bioactive Polysaccharide
Materials for Modern Wound
Healing
123
Seenext page
ISSN 2191-5407 ISSN 2191-5415 (electronic)
SpringerBriefs inMolecular Science
ISSN 2510-3407 ISSN 2510-3415 (electronic)
BiobasedPolymers
ISBN978-3-319-89607-6 ISBN978-3-319-89608-3 (eBook)
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TinaMaver Zdenka Peršin
Faculty of MechanicalEngineering, Faculty of MechanicalEngineering,
Laboratoryfor Characterization and Laboratoryfor Characterization and
Processingof Polymers Processingof Polymers
University of Maribor University of Maribor
Maribor Maribor
Slovenia Slovenia
UrošMaver KarinStana Kleinschek
FacultyofMedicine,InstituteofBiomedical Faculty of MechanicalEngineering,
SciencesandDepartment of Laboratoryfor Characterization and
Pharmacology Processingof Polymers
University of Maribor University of Maribor
Maribor Maribor
Slovenia Slovenia
TanjaPivec and
Faculty of MechanicalEngineering,
Laboratoryfor Characterization and Graz University of Technology
Processingof Polymers Graz
University of Maribor Austria
Maribor
Slovenia
Manja Kurečič
Faculty of MechanicalEngineering,
Laboratoryfor Characterization and
Processingof Polymers
University of Maribor
Maribor
Slovenia
and
Graz University of Technology
Graz
Austria
Contents
1 Advanced Wound Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.1 Alginate Dressings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 Hydrogel Dressings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.3 Hydrocolloid Dressings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.4 Foam Dressings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1.5 Semi-permeable Film Dressings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.6 Non-adherent Contact Layer Dressings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.7 Multilayered Dressings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2 Polysaccharide Based Wound Care Materials. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.1 Storage Polysaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
2.2 Structural Polysaccharides. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
2.3 Acidic Polysaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4 Bacterial Polysaccharides . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.4.1 Polysaccharides, Produced by Gram Positive
Bacterial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.4.2 Polysaccharides, Produced by Gram Negative
Bacterial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.5 Polysaccharides in the Field of Wound Healing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3 Emerging Techniques in the Preparation of Wound Care
Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.1 3D Printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.2 Electrospinning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3 Model Systems—Thin Film Preparation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
vii
viii Contents
4 Active Substances for Acceleration of Wound Healing . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.1 Wound Dressings with Incorporated Biomacromolecules. . . . . . . . 39
4.2 Wound Dressings with Incorporated Synthetic Drugs . . . . . . . . . . 41
4.3 Wound Dressings with Incorporated Plant Extracts
and Natural Drugs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5 Other Solutions to Achieve Desired Wound Healing
Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.1 Advanced Approaches for Achievement of Antimicrobial
Activity of Wound Dressings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.2 Plasma Technology in Wound Care. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.3 Photo Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.4 Electroactive Material for Effective Wound Healing . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.5 Negative Pressure Wound Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
5.6 Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
5.7 Layering of Materials . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
5.8 The Advantages of Use of Larvae for Debridement
of Wounds. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
6 Tissue Engineering Products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
6.1 Newest Results in Skin Tissue Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
6.2 Cartilage Tissue Engineering. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
6.3 Bone Tissue Engineering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
7 Safety and Efficiency Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
7.1 Standard Testing Methods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
7.2 Variations of Testing Approaches, Combined with Testing
According to the Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
8 Outlook. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
About the Authors
ǂ
Tina Maver is a Researcher with a doctorate at the Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Maribor. Her main research focus is on skin pharma-
cology, where her knowledge overlaps material science, cell biology, with chem-
istry, medicine andpharmacy.Sheistheprojectleaderofherpostdoctoralproject;
however,shewasincludedinseveral otherprojects,wherewoundhealingwasthe
main theme. Her bibliography consists of 92 units, among other 15 scientific
papers,2chaptersinamonograph,30contributionsinconferenceproceedingsand
one patent application.
Uroš Maverǂ, ╤ is an Assistant Professor and Institute Head at the Faculty of
Medicine,UniversityofMaribor.Hismainresearchfocusincludestopicsoninvitro
preclinical models, surface functionalization, drug delivery systems, tissue engi-
neeringandwoundhealing,aswellasmolecularresolutionmicroscopy,especially
atomicforcemicroscopyinlifesciences.Aspartofhisresearch,heisalsoleading
severaljointprojectswithUniversityClinicalCentreMaribor(withseveraldifferent
departments ranging from plastics, dermatology, orthopaedics to ophthalmology).
Hisbibliographyconsistsofmorethan160units(amongother40scientificpapers,5
invited lectures, 80 contributions in conference proceedings, many final reports on
nationalandinternationalprojects,11elaborates,1patentand2patentapplications).
He is also supervising severalstudents on different levels (master and Ph.D.).
ǂ
TanjaPivec isaResearcherattheFacultyofMechanicalEngineering,University
of Maribor. Her research focus is on the development of polymeric materials with
included flavonoids, plant extracts, silver and other active substances for wound
healingapplications.Herbibliographyconsistsof41units,amongother6scientific
papers, 17 contributions in conference proceeding and one patent application.
Manja Kurečičǂ is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering,UniversityofMaribor.Shehas14yearsofexperiencesinthefieldof
nanostructured materials, i.e. nanocomposites (particles, hydrogels) and nanofi-
brousmembranes(electrospun),thatcanfindapplicationsinbiomedicalarea,water
ix
x AbouttheAuthors
purification and other technical applications, as well as their modification and
characterization.Herbibliographyconsistsofmorethan100units,amongother24
reviewed papers, more than 45 conference published lectures and posters, 10
international/national projects reports and 4 invited lectures. In addition, she is a
co-inventor offive Slovenian patents.
Zdenka Peršinǂ is an Assistant Professor at the Faculty of Mechanical
Engineering, University of Maribor. In her research, she is involved in solving
complex scientific and technological problems in the field of textile and technical
fibres, surface modifications and analytical techniques for characterization. Her
fields of interest are also surface functionalization and characterization of polymer
materials, hygienic and medical materials and wound dressings. Her bibliography
contains 197 units, among them 29 original scientific articles, 3 chapters in
monographicpublications, 3patents, 4patentapplications, 7laboratory prototypes
and 16 technological improvements/innovations.
ǂ
KarinStanaKleinschek isaProfessorattheFacultyofMechanicalEngineering,
UniversityofMaribor,wheresheteachesvariouscoursesonpolymerchemistryand
materials, surface characterization of polymeric materials and textile chemistry.
From 2011 to 2015, she was a Vice Rector for Research and Development of the
University of Maribor. From 2004 to 2016, she was the Head of the Institute of
Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University
of Maribor and is Head of the Laboratory for Characterization and Processing of
Polymers (LCPP), which is a part of the institute. She is a member of various
scientific organizations (as Member of the scientific committee of International
Conferences of Polymer Characterization POLYCHAR, Member of the
ElectrokineticSocietyscientificboard,MemberoftheEPNOE-ACSConference…).
She is Vice President for Research of the European Polysaccharide Network of
Excellence (EPNOE)—BIC Association. Since 2013 she is a Member of the
European Academy for Science and Art and from 2014 Associate Member of
SlovenianAcademyofEngineering.SinceOctober2016sheisVisitingProfessorat
TUGraz,ICTM.Herfieldofexpertiseissurfacemodificationandcharacterization
ofpolymericmaterialswithspecialattentiononpolysaccharidesanditsusabilityin
biomedicalapplications.Herscientificbibliographyconsistsofmorethan950units
(180 peer-reviewed scientific papers). She participates and coordinates numerous
nationalaswellasinternationalprojects.Inaddition,sheactsasthesisadviserand
memberof organizing committees.
ǂMemberofEPNOE(EuropeanPolysaccharideNetworkofExcellence).
╤Member of Institute of Palliative Medicine and Care, Faculty of Medicine, University of
Maribor,SI-2000Maribor,Slovenia.
