Table Of ContentBio-Nanotechnology
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
Functional Food Science and Technology Series
Functional foods resemble traditional foods but are designed to confer physiological benefi ts beyond
their nutritional function. Sources, ingredients, product development, processing and international
regulatory issues are among the topics addressed in Wiley - Blackwell ’ s new Functional Food Science
and Technology book series. Coverage extends to the improvement of traditional foods by cultivation,
biotechnological and other means, including novel physical fortifi cation techniques and delivery
systems such as nanotechnology. Extraction, isolation, identifi cation and application of bioactives from
food and food processing by - products are among other subjects considered for inclusion in the series.
Series Editor: Fereidoon Shahidi, Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland,
St John ’ s, Newfoundland, Canada.
Titles in the series
Nutrigenomics and Proteomics in Health and Disease: Food Factors and Gene Interactions
Editors: Yoshinori Mine, Kazuo Miyashita and Fereidoon Shahidi
ISBN 978 - 0 - 8138 - 0033 - 2
Functional Food Product Development
Editors: Jim Smith and Edward Charter
ISBN 978 - 1 - 4051 - 7876 - 1
Cereals and Pulses: Nutraceutical Properties and Health Benefi ts
Editors: Liangli (Lucy) Yu, Rong Tsao and Fereidoon Shahidi
ISBN 978 - 0 - 8138 - 1839 - 9
Bio - Nanotechnology: A Revolution in Food, Biomedical and Health Sciences
Editors: Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Hiroyoshi Moriyama and Fereidoon Shahidi
ISBN 978 - 0 - 4706 - 7037 - 8
Bio-Nanotechnology
A Revolution in Food, Biomedical and
Health Sciences
Edited by
Debasis Bagchi, PhD, MACN, CNS, MAIChE
University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston,
Texas, USA
Manashi Bagchi, PhD, FACN
NutriToday LLC, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Hiroyoshi Moriyama, PhD, FACN
Showa Pharmaceutical University, Tokyo, Japan
Fereidoon Shahidi, PhD, FACS, FAOCS, FCIC,
FCIFST, FIAFoST, FIFT, FRSC
Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of
Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
This edition fi rst published 2013. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical and
Medical business with Blackwell Publishing.
Registered offi ce: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
Editorial offi ces: 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK
The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK
2121 State Avenue, Ames, Iowa 50014-8300, USA
For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services and for information about how to apply for permission to
reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell.
The right of the author to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form
or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher.
Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and
product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective
owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to
provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that
the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required,
the services of a competent professional should be sought.
Limit of Liability/Disclaimer of Warranty: While the publisher and author have used their best efforts in preparing this
book, they make no representations or warranties with the respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this
book and specifi cally disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fi tness for a particular purpose. It is sold on
the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services and neither the publisher nor the
author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the
services of a competent professional should be sought.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Bio-nanotechnology : a revolution in food, biomedical, and health sciences / edited by Debasis Bagchi ... [et al.].
p. ; cm. – (Functional food science and technology series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-470-67037-8 (hardback :alk. paper) – ISBN 978-1-118-45194-6 (epdf/ebook) – ISBN 978-1-118-45192-2 (emobi)
– ISBN 978-1-118-45193-9 (epub) – ISBN 978-1-118-45191-5 (obook)
I. Bagchi, Debasis, 1954- II. Series: Functional food science and technology series.
[DNLM: 1. Nanotechnology. 2. Biomedical Technology. 3. Biomimetic Materials. 4. Food Technology. QT 36.5]
610.28'4–dc23
2012024776
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in
electronic books.
Cover image credits: Main image: © Stockphoto.com/setixela; Bottom left: © Anterovium – Fotolia.com; Bottom right:
© iStockphoto.com/janulla
Cover design by His and Hers Design: www.hisandhersdesign.co.uk
Set in 9.5/11.5 pt Palatino by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited
1 2013
Dedication
Dedicated to my well respected and beloved guruji, Dr. Basudeb Achari, PhD.
Debasis Bagchi
Dedicated to my beloved daughter Dipanjali Bagchi, and my mother Bakul Bardhan, for always giving
me inspiration.
Manashi Bagchi
Dedicated to my beloved daughter Atsue, and son, Takanobu.
Hiroyoshi Moriyama
To the memory of my beloved parents.
Fereidoon Shahidi
Contents
Foreword xi
Preface xii
Contributors xv
PART 1 INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 1 Biomedical Applications of Nanomaterials: An Overview 3
Sunil K. Singh, Paresh P. Kulkarni, Debabrata Dash
Chapter 2 The Challenge of Nanotechnology-Derived Food: Addressing the Concerns
of the Public 33
Tomiko Yamaguchi
Chapter 3 Nanotechnology and Public Health: Contributions, Promises, and Premises 47
Masami Matsuda, Ayako Goto, Toshio Ogino, Yoshiaki Tanaka
PART 2 NANOTECHNOLOGY IN NUTRITION AND MEDICINE 67
Chapter 4 Functional Nanomaterials for Biomedical Research: Focus on Bio-Functionalization,
Biosynthesis, and Biomedical Applications 69
Murugan Veerapandian, Sathya Sadhasivam, Ramesh Subbiah, Kyusik Yun
Chapter 5 An Overview of Nanoparticle-Assisted Polymerase Chain Reaction Technology 97
Cenchao Shen, Zhizhou Zhang
Chapter 6 A Revolution in Nanomedicines 107
Iulian Bobe, Mitsunori Harada, Ichiro Nakatomi
Chapter 7 Nanotechnology for Regenerative Medicine 124
Yoshikazu Kumashiro, Masayuki Yamato, Teruo Okano
viii Contents
PART 3 NANOTECHNOLOGY, HUMAN HEALTH AND APPLICATIONS 141
Chapter 8 Novel Technologies for the Production of Functional Foods 143
Jack Appiah Ofori, Yun-Hwa Peggy Hsieh
Chapter 9 Nanomedicine: The Revolution of the Big Future with Tiny Medicine 163
Danny D. Meetoo
Chapter 10 Application of γ-Cyclodextrin in Nanomedicinal Foods and Cosmetics 179
Yukiko Uekaji, Ayako Jo, Akihito Urano, Keiji Terao
Chapter 11 Polymer-Based Nanocomposites for Food Packaging Applications 212
Maurizio Avella, Roberto Avolio, Emilia Di Pace, Maria Emanuela Errico,
Gennaro Gentile, Maria Grazia Volpe
Chapter 12 Ultrasound-Mediated Delivery Systems: Using Nano/Microbubbles or
Bubble Liposomes 227
Kazuo Maruyama, Ryo Suzuki, Yusuke Oda, Yoko Endo-Takahashi, Yoichi Negishi
Chapter 13 Nanoprobes and Quantum Dots: Employing Nanotechnology to Watch Biology 246
Shampa Chatterjee
Chapter 14 Enhanced Optical Biosensors Based on Nanoplasmonics 252
Kyujung Kim, Youngjin Oh, Donghyun Kim
Chapter 15 Nano-Biosensors for Mimicking Gustatory and Olfactory Senses 270
Kiyoshi Toko, Takeshi Onodera, Yusuke Tahara
Chapter 16 Nanoparticles Inducing Simultaneous Bioreaction in Living Organisms: Critical
Sizes for Transition of Biointeractive Behavior 292
Fumio Watari
Chapter 17 Analysis of Immunological Reactions to Nanoscale Foods: Possible Occurrence of
Allergic Reaction to Nanoscale Food Particles 304
Eisuke F. Sato, Maki Hashimoto, Masayasu Inoue
Chapter 18 An Overview of Green Nanotechnology 311
Kelvii Wei Guo
Chapter 19 Characterization of Biopolymer and Chitosan-Based Nanocomposites with
Antimicrobial Activity 355
Jong-Whan Rhim
Chapter 20 Nanotechnology and its Use in Agriculture 383
Alejandro Pérez-de-Luque, M. Carmen Hermosín
Chapter 21 Applications of Polymeric Nanoparticles with Steroids: A Review 399
Megumu Higaki
Chapter 22 Nanocomposites for Food Packaging: An Overview 406
Tie Lan
Contents ix
Chapter 23 Nanotechnology in Cosmetic Products 414
Howard A. Epstein, Alexander Kielbassa
Chapter 24 Potential Medical Applications of Fullerenes: An Overview 424
Seema Thakral, Naveen Kumar Thakral
PART 4 NANOTECHNOLOGY AND OTHER VERSATILE DIVERSE
APPLICATIONS 443
Chapter 25 Biomedical Applications of Carbon-Based Nanomaterials 445
Sunil K. Singh, Paresh P. Kulkarni, Debabrata Dash
Chapter 26 Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application to Nanotechnology 464
Wojtek Tutak, Sara Reynaud, Rajen B. Patel
Chapter 27 Characterization of Cyclodextrin Nanoparticles as Emulsifi ers 476
Hiroyoshi Moriyama, Yoshihiro Saito, Debasis Bagchi
Chapter 28 Application of Poly(γ-Glutamic Acid)-Based Nanoparticles as Antigen Delivery
Carriers in Cancer Immunotherapy 487
Kazuhiko Matsuo, Naoki Okada, Shinsaku Nakagawa
Chapter 29 Basic Characterization of Nanobubbles and Their Potential Applications 506
Seiichi Oshita, Tsutomu Uchida
PART 5 NANOMATERIAL MANUFACTURING 517
Chapter 30 Formulation and Characterization of Nanodispersions Composed of Dietary
Materials for the Delivery of Bioactive Substances 519
Takashi Kuroiwa, Jun Watanabe, Sosaku Ichikawa
Chapter 31 Production of Nanoscale Foods Using High-Pressure Emulsifi cation
Technology 531
Kazuyuki Takagi
Chapter 32 Production of Monodisperse Fine Dispersions by Microchannel/Nanochannel
Emulsifi cation 542
Isao Kobayashi, Marcos A. Neves, Sosaku Ichikawa, Takashi Kuroiwa
PART 6 APPLICATIONS OF MICROSCOPY AND NUCLEAR MAGNETIC
RESONANCE IN NANOTECHNOLOGY 557
Chapter 33 Applications of Atomic Force Microscopy in Food Nanotechnology 559
Hiroshi Muramatsu, Jun’ichi Wakayama, Kazumi Tsukamoto, Shigeru Sugiyama
Chapter 34 Applications of NMR to Biomolecular Systems of Interactions: An Overview 573
Shinya Hanashima, Yoshiki Yamaguchi
x Contents
PART 7 APPLICATIONS IN ENHANCING BIOAVAILABILITY AND
CONTROLLING PATHOGENS 593
Chapter 35 Bioavailability and Delivery of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Using
Nanotechnology 595
Hailong Yu, Qingrong Huang
Chapter 36 Encapsulation of Bioactive Compounds in Micron/Submicron-Sized Dispersions
Using Microchannel Emulsifi cation or High-Pressure Homogenization 605
Marcos A. Neves, Isao Kobayashi, Henelyta S. Ribeiro, Katerina B. Fujiu
Chapter 37 Nanometric-Size Delivery Systems for Bioactive Compounds for the Nutraceutical
and Food Industries 619
Francesco Donsì, Mariarenata Sessa, Giovanna Ferrari
Chapter 38 Nanoemulsion Technology for Delivery of Nutraceuticals and
Functional-Food Ingredients 667
Luz Sanguansri, Christine M. Oliver, Fernando Leal-Calderon
Chapter 39 Nanotechnology and Nonpolar Active Compounds in Functional Foods:
An Application Note 697
Philip J. Bromley
PART 8 SAFETY, TOXICOLOGY AND REGULATORY ASPECTS 705
Chapter 40 How Standards Inform the Regulation of Bio-nanotechnology 707
Martha E. Marrapese
Chapter 41 FDA and Nanotech: Baby Steps Lead to Regulatory Uncertainty 720
Raj Bawa
Chapter 42 Toxicity and Environmental Risks of Nanomaterials: An Update 733
Paresh C. Ray, Anant Kumar Singh, Dulal Senapati, Zhen Fan, Hongtao Yu
Chapter 43 Nanoparticle–Lung Interactions and Their Potential Consequences for Human Health 749
Craig A. Poland, Martin J. D. Clift
PART 9 FUTURE DIRECTIONS IN BIO-NANOTECHNOLOGY 777
Chapter 44 Bio-Nanotechnology: A Journey Back to the Future 779
Debasis Bagchi, Manashi Bagchi, Hiroyoshi Moriyama, Fereidoon Shahidi
Index 783
Colour plate section 1 falls between pages 254 and 255
Colour plate section 2 falls between pages 574 and 575
Foreword
Predictions indicate that well over a million scien- properties are of key interest in nanoscale engi-
tists and technologists will work in nanoscience neering, promising nanoscale devices exhibiting
and nanotechnology- r elated areas over the next advanced performance in sustainable, environ-
decade. Indeed, nanoscale advances in science and mentally friendly applications. As we improve our
technology promise applications in almost every chemical synthetic capabilities and are able to con-
area, with revolutionary socio - economic impacts. struct molecular devices with complex function,
We can, for instance, expect major developments we can expect these unusual carbon- based systems
in research areas as diverse as nanocomposite also to be applied in medical situations. Drug
materials for solar power generation to nanoscale delivery is but one area where fullerene cages
devices with precise function for future medical promise to be non - toxic carriers of radioactive ele-
strategies. ments in chemotherapy application.
The drug industry has hardly started and is Particularly exciting is the promise of paradigm -
still locked in a Neanderthal mindset, focused shifting advances in medical strategies. This
mainly on relatively simple molecules to combat volume contains one of the fi rst collections of arti-
diseases. The new fi eld of nanoscience and nano- cles addressing this fascinating and challenging
technology indicates that we should in future be area. If all these exciting advances are to be real-
able to develop medical weapons that are of com- ized, then the next cohort of young biologists and
mensurate sophistication with that of ‘ the enemy ’ . medical practitioners must have a sound education
We should be able to develop complex and clever in nanoscale science and technology and this edu-
molecular machines which will be able to combat cation needs to be integrated into the undergradu-
on more even terms viruses and bacteria, which ate and graduate curricula in student biological
employ subtle strategies for infection. Penicillin is and medical courses. This text is a welcome and
a miracle drug which led to the antibiotics revolu- highly effective response to this challenge, that
tion, but in comparison with these enemies it is must be met if we are to develop the effective bio -
really a very, very simple system medical technologies we shall certainly need to
The all - carbon hollow cage molecules, the fuller- survive into the next century.
enes, and their elongated cousins, the carbon nano-
tubes (CNTs) are stable allotropes, which in
addition to graphene, graphite and diamond show
fascinating promise as basic materials for novel Harold Kroto
nanoscale applications. The morphology of mate- Florida State University
rials is a fascinating fi eld, and structure - related Tallahassee, FL, USA
