Bio-based Wood Adhesives : Preparation, Characterization, and Testing

367 Pages·2017·1.66 MB·English

by  He

Bio-based Wood Adhesives
Preparation, Characterization, and Testing

Bio-based Wood Adhesives
Preparation, Characterization, and Testing
Editor
Zhongqi He
Southern Regional Research Center
USDA, Agricultural Regional Service
New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
p,
p,
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK
Cover images courtesy of Nicolas Brosse, Zhongqi He, Ningbo Li, Antonio Pizzi, Sarocha
Pradyawong, Hui Wan, and Donghai Wang
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
Names: He, Zhonggi, editor.
Title: Bio-based wood adhesives : preparation, characterization, and testing
/ editor, Zhonggi He, Southern Regional Research Center, USDA,
Agricultural Regional Service, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
Other titles: Wood adhesives
Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, [2016] | “A science publishers
book.” | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016051817| ISBN 9781498740746 (hardback : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9781498740753 (e-book : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Wood--Bonding. | Adhesives. | Biomass. | Agricultural
biotechnology.
Classification: LCC TS857 .B56 2016 | DDC 668/.3--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016051817
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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Preface
Adhesive bonding is playing an increasingly important role in the forest
product industry and is a key factor in the efficient utilization of timber
and other lignocellulosic resources. As synthetic wood adhesives are mostly
derived from depleting petrochemical resources and have resulted in
increasing environmental concerns, natural product- and byproduct-derived
adhesives have attracted much more attention in the last decades. Although
adhesives made from plant and animal sources have been in existence
since ancient times, increased knowledge of their chemistry and improved
technical formulation of their preparations are still needed to promote
their broader industrial applications. The primary goals of this book are to
(1) synthesize the fundamental knowledge and latest research on bio-based
adhesives from a remarkable range of natural products and byproducts,
(2) identify areas of research needs and provide directions towards future
bio-based adhesive research, and (3) help integrate research findings for
practical adhesive applications for maximum benefits. This book should
be of interest to university faculty, graduate students, research scientists,
agricultural and wood engineers, international organization advocates
and government regulators, who work and deal with the utilization of
agricultural and forest products and byproducts.
This book covers general information on a variety of natural products
and byproducts and includes the latest research on formulation, testing and
improvement of the relevant adhesives. All this is covered in 15 chapters,
written by an international group of accomplished contributors. Chapter
contents include both raw material-oriented comprehensive reviews and
adhesive-making-oriented case studies. The first seven chapters address
the source, preparation, characterization, application, and modification
of various agricultural products and byproducts, for the purpose of wood
bonding and composite board making, with a focus on seed proteins as
the major component. Chapters 8 and 9 examine and discuss two specific
natural compounds, tannin and citric acid, related to their chemical
nature, production, and application in wood adhesive additives and
binders. The next three chapters are based on forest products. Chapters 10
and 11 review the research on the liquefaction and pyrolysis of forestry
and other lignocellulosic biomass materials and the subsequent utilization
vi Bio-based Wood Adhesives: Preparation, Characterization, and Testing
of the liquefied products and pyrolysis-derived bio-oil in wood bonding,
respectively. Chapter 12 reviews the general properties and quality of
Amazonic white pitch produced from the tree trunk (Protium heptaphyllum)
and advocates its potential use as “green” adhesives. Chapter 13 presents
and analyzes the effects of rheology and viscosity of bio-based adhesives on
bonding performance. Chapter 14 presents examples on the applications of
nano-materials to improve qualities of wood composites. The last chapter
(Chapter 15) makes concluding remarks. It briefly reviews the progress on
the developments and utilization of bio-based wood adhesives including
some activities and accomplishments not covered by the individual
chapters. This chapter then presents outlooks on some emerging research
issues that are worth future exploration by bio-based adhesive researchers.
This book project was initiated by the publisher. It is my honor to be
invited to serve as editor of the book. Chapter contributions were invited
by the editor. Whereas the chapter contributors and I have made efforts
to avoid repeated coverage in topics and contents, some literature and
data have been cited in more than one chapter, to warrant each chapter’s
integrity and stand-alone. All chapter manuscripts were subjected to peer
reviewing and revision processes. The completion of this project involved
tremendous efforts from a team of authors, reviewers and editor. I would
like to express my sincere thanks to all the authors for their commitment
and dedication, and timely contributions. I profusely thank the ad-hoc
reviewers for their time and insight in providing many valuable comments
which certainly improved the quality of this book. Special thanks go to the
publisher’s staff (Drs. Raju Primlani, Vijay Primlani, and Amanda Parida) for
their initiative, coordination, and editorial support throughout the process
of executing this book project.
Contents
Preface v
About the editor ix
1. Protein-based Wood Adhesives: Current Trends of 1
Preparation and Application
Birendra B. Adhikari, Pooran Appadu, Michael Chae and
David C. Bressler
2. Adhesion Properties of soy Protein subunits and 59
Protein Adhesive modification
Guangyan Qi, Ningbo Li, Xiuzhi Susan Sun and Donghai Wang
3. modification of soy-based Adhesives to enhance the 86
bonding Performance
Sheldon Q. Shi, Changlei Xia and Liping Cai
4. Canola Protein and oil-based Wood Adhesives 111
Ningbo Li, Guangyan Qi, Xiuzhi Susan Sun and Donghai Wang
5. Wood Adhesives Containing Proteins and Carbohydrates 140
H.N. Cheng and Zhongqi He
6. Preparation and utilization of Water Washed Cottonseed 156
meal as Wood Adhesives
Zhongqi He and H.N. Cheng
7. Comparative evaluation of rice bran- and Corn 179
starch-modified urea formaldehyde Adhesives on
improvements of environmental Performance of
Agro-based Composites
Altaf H. Basta, Houssni El-Saied and Jerrold E. Winandy
8. Tannins for Wood Adhesives, foams and Composites 197
Nicolas Brosse and Antonio Pizzi
9. utilization of Citric Acid in Wood bonding 221
Zhongqi He and Kenji Umemura
viii Bio-based Wood Adhesives: Preparation, Characterization, and Testing
10. synthesis of Polymers from liquefied biomass and Their 239
utilization in Wood bonding
Hui Wan, Zhongqi He, An Mao and Xiaomei Liu
11. Preparation, Properties, and bonding utilization of 260
Pyrolysis bio-oil
An Mao, Zhongqi He, Hui Wan and Qi Li
12. Application of the rosin from White Pitch 280
(Protium heptaphyllum) for use as Wood Adhesive
Raimundo Kennedy Vieira, Adalena Kennedy Vieira and
Anil Narayan Netravali
13. effects of rheology and viscosity of bio-based Adhesives 293
on bonding Performance
Alejandro Bacigalupe, Zhongqi He and Mariano M. Escobar
14. effects of nano-materials on different Properties of 310
Wood-Composite materials
Hamid R. Taghiyari, Jack Norton and Mehdi Tajvidi
15. bio-based Wood Adhesives research: Advances and 340
outlooks
Zhongqi He and Hui Wan
Index 355
About the Editor
Zhongqi He is a Research Chemist at the United States Department of
Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), Southern Regional
Research Center, New Orleans, Louisiana. Prior to the USDA-ARS tenure,
he was a recipient of the (US) National Research Council Postdoctoral
Fellowship hosted by the United States Air Force Research Laboratory,
Tyndall Air Force Base, Florida. He is the author and co-author of over
200 peer-reviewed journal articles, patents, and book chapters, and has
actively pursued basic and applied research in chemistry and biochemistry
of agricultural products, byproducts, and plant nutrients. His current
research activities are focused on the enhanced utilization of cottonseed
products as wood adhesives. Dr. He has organized and served as the sole
or principal editor of eight books on sustainable agriculture, renewable
resources, and the environment. He has provided peer review services to
more than 90 journals and served as associate editor and board member of
several scientific journals and book committees of professional societies.
He received a B.S. degree (1982) in applied chemistry from Chongqing
University, China, M.S. degrees (1985 and 1992) in applied chemistry from
South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, and in chemistry from
the University of Georgia, Athens, USA, and has a Ph.D. degree (1996) in
biochemistry from the University of Georgia, Athens, USA. He is a Fellow
of American Society of Agronomy.