BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Designers, Engineers, Contractors, and Facility Managers

682 Pages·2018·16.25 MB·English

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BIM Handbook
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BIM Handbook
A Guide to Building Information
Modeling for Owners, Designers,
Engineers, Contractors, and Facility
Managers
Third Edition
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Rafael Sacks
Charles Eastman
Ghang Lee
Paul Teicholz
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData:
Names:Sacks,Rafael,author.|Eastman,CharlesM.,author.|
Lee,Ghang,author.|Teicholz,PaulM.,author.
Title:BIMhandbook:aguidetobuildinginformationmodelingforowners,
designers,engineers,contractors,andfacilitymanagers/byRafaelSacks,
CharlesEastman,GhangLee,PaulTeicholz.
Description:Thirdedition.|Hoboken,NewJersey:Wiley,2018.|Includes
bibliographicalreferencesandindex.|
Identifiers:LCCN2018001037(print)|LCCN2018001340(ebook)|ISBN
9781119287544(pdf)|ISBN9781119287551(epub)|ISBN9781119287568
(oBook)|ISBN9781119287537(cloth)
Subjects:LCSH:Buildinginformationmodeling—Handbooks,manuals,etc.|
Building—Computersimulation—Handbooks,manuals,etc.|Building
management—Dataprocessing—Handbooks,manuals,etc.|Communicationin
thebuildingtrades—Handbooks,manuals,etc.|Architectural
practice—Handbooks,manuals,etc.|Architectsandbuilders—Handbooks,
manuals,etc.|Constructionindustry—Informationresources
management—Handbooks,manuals,etc.
Classification:LCCTH437(ebook)|LCCTH437.E222018(print)|DDC
690.0285—dc23
LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2018001037
CoverDesign:Wiley
CoverImage:CourtesyMortenson
Setin10/12ptandLifeLTStdbySPiGlobal,Chennai,India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
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Contents
Foreword to the Third Edition xvii
Preface xxi
CHAPTER 1 Introduction 1
1.0 Executive Summary 1
1.1 Introduction 2
1.2 The Current AEC Business Model 2
1.2.1 Design-Bid-Build 4
1.2.2 Design-Build 6
1.2.3 ConstructionManagementatRisk 7
1.2.4 IntegratedProjectDelivery 7
1.2.5 WhatKindofBuildingProcurementIs
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1.3 Documented Inefficiencies of Traditional
Approaches 9
1.3.1 CIFEStudyofConstructionIndustry
LaborProductivity 10
1.3.2 NISTStudyofCostofConstruction
IndustryInefficiency 12
1.4 BIM: New Tools and New Processes 13
1.4.1 BIMPlatformsandTools 13
1.4.2 BIMProcesses 14
1.4.3 DefinitionofParametricObjects 17
1.4.4 SupportforProjectTeamCollaboration 17
1.5 BIM as a Lifecycle Platform 18
1.6 What Is Not a BIM Platform? 19
1.7 What Are the Benefits of BIM? What Problems
Does It Address? 20
1.7.1 PreconstructionBenefitstoOwner 21
1.7.2 BenefitsforDesign 21
1.7.3 ConstructionandFabricationBenefits 23
1.7.4 PostConstructionBenefits 25
1.8 BIM and Lean Construction 25
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1.9 What Challenges Can be Expected? 28
1.9.1 ChallengeswithCollaborationand
Teaming 28
1.9.2 LegalChangestoDocumentation
OwnershipandProduction 29
1.9.3 ChangesinPracticeandUseof
Information 29
1.9.4 ImplementationIssues 29
1.10 Future of Designing and Building With BIM 30
1.11 Case Studies 30
Chapter 1 Discussion Questions 31
CHAPTER 2 Core Technologies and Software 32
2.0 Executive Summary 32
2.1 The Evolution to Object-Based Parametric
Modeling 33
2.1.1 Early3DModeling 34
2.1.2 DegreesofParametricModeling 44
2.1.3 PredefinedversusUser-Defined
ParametricObjectsandLibraries 45
2.2 Beyond Parametric Shapes 48
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2.2.1 PropertyandAttributeHandling 48
2.2.2 DrawingGeneration 50
2.2.3 Scalability 52
2.2.4 ObjectManagementandLinks 53
2.2.5 SomeCommonlyAskedQuestions 55
2.3 BIM Environments, Platforms, and Tools 57
2.3.1 ConsiderationsforBIMDesign
Applications 60
2.3.2 ConsiderationsforaBIMEnvironment 62
2.4 BIM Model Quality and Model Checking 62
2.5 BIM Platforms 64
2.5.1 Allplan 65
2.5.2 ArchiCAD 66
2.5.3 BentleySystems 68
2.5.4 DESTINIProfiler 69
2.5.5 DigitalProject 70
2.5.6 Revit 72
2.5.7 TeklaStructures 73
2.5.8 Vectorworks 74
2.5.9 AutoCAD-BasedApplications 75
2.6 Design Review Applications 76
2.6.1 ModelViewers 77
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Contents vii
2.6.2 ModelIntegrationTools 79
2.6.3 ModelCheckers 80
2.7 Conclusion 82
Chapter 2 Discussion Questions 83
CHAPTER 3 Collaboration and Interoperability 85
3.0 Executive Summary 85
3.1 Introduction 86
3.2 Different Kinds of Data Exchange Methods 88
3.3 Background of Product Data Models 95
3.3.1 ModelingLanguages 95
3.3.2 ISO-STEPinBuildingConstruction 96
3.3.3 buildingSMARTandIFC 100
3.3.4 WhatIstheIFC? 100
3.3.5 IDMandMVD 105
3.4 Other Efforts Supporting Standardization 107
3.4.1 buildingSMARTDataDictionary 107
3.4.2 OmniClass 107
3.4.3 COBie 108
3.4.4 XML-BasedSchemas 110
3.5 The Evolution from File-Based Exchange to BIM
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Servers 112
3.5.1 ProjectTransactionsand
Synchronization 113
3.5.2 FunctionalityofBIMServers 118
3.5.3 BIMServerReview 121
3.6 Interfacing Technologies 124
3.6.1 Semi-AutomatedApproaches 125
3.6.2 SemanticApproaches 126
Chapter 3 Discussion Questions 128
CHAPTER 4 BIM for Owners and Facility Managers 130
4.0 Executive Summary 130
4.1 Introduction: Why Owners Should Care About
BIM 131
4.2 Owner’s Role in a BIM Project 133
4.2.1 DesignAssessment 133
4.2.2 ComplexityofBuildingInfrastructure
andBuildingEnvironment 139
4.2.3 Sustainability 140
4.2.4 PublicConstructionAgencies:BIM
AdoptionGuidelines 140
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4.3 Cost and Time Management 142
4.3.1 CostManagement 142
4.3.2 TimetoMarket:Schedule
Management 144
4.3.3 FacilityandInformationAsset
Management 148
4.3.4 BIMToolGuideforOwners 149
4.3.5 BIMCostEstimatingTools 150
4.3.6 FacilityandAssetManagementTools 150
4.3.7 OperationSimulationTools 154
4.4 An Owner and Facility Manager’s Building
Model 154
4.4.1 InformationContentofBIM-FMModel 154
4.4.2 AlternativeApproachestoCreatinga
BIM-FMModel 155
4.4.3 ClassificationofModelDataand
Standards 157
4.5 Leading the BIM Implementation on a Project 160
4.5.1 DevelopGuidelinesforUseofBIMon
Projects 162
4.5.2 BuildInternalLeadershipand
Knowledge 164
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4.5.4 ProvideforUseofa“BigRoom”for
DesignandConstruction 167
4.6 Barriers to Implementing BIM: Risks and
Common Myths 167
4.7 Issues for Owners to Consider when Adopting
BIM 171
Chapter 4 Discussion Questions 173
CHAPTER 5 BIM for Architects and Engineers 175
5.0 Executive Summary 175
5.1 Introduction 177
5.2 Scope of Design Services 179
5.2.1 CollaborativeFormsofProjectDelivery 180
5.2.2 TheConceptofInformation
Development 182
5.2.3 CivilandInfrastructureDesign 184
5.3 BIM Use in Design Processes 186
5.3.1 ConceptDesign 187
5.3.2 Prefabrication 197
5.3.3 Analysis,Simulation,and
Optimization 197
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Contents ix
5.3.4 Construction-LevelBuildingModels 204
5.3.5 Design-ConstructionIntegration 211
5.3.6 DesignReview 212
5.4 Building Object Models and Libraries 215
5.4.1 EmbeddingExpertiseintoBuilding
Components 216
5.4.2 ObjectLibraries 217
5.4.3 BOMPortals 220
5.4.4 Desktop/LANLibraries 221
5.5 Considerations in Adoption for Design Practice 223
5.5.1 JustificationandPlatformSelection 223
5.5.2 PhasedUtilization 225
Chapter 5 Discussion Questions 226
CHAPTER 6 BIM for Contractors 228
6.0 Executive Summary 228
6.1 Introduction 230
6.2 Types of Construction Firms 231
6.3 Information Contractors Want from BIM 232
6.4 BIM-Enabled Process Change 234
6.4.1 LeanerConstruction 234
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6.4.2 LessPaperinConstruction 236
6.4.3 IncreasedDistributionofWork 237
6.5 Developing a Construction Building Information
Model 237
6.5.1 ProductionDetailing 239
6.5.2 BigRoomCo-locationOn-site 240
6.6 Using a Contractor Building Information Model 241
6.7 3D: Visualization and Coordination 243
6.8 4D: Construction Analysis and Planning 245
6.8.1 4DModelstoSupportConstruction
Planning 246
6.8.2 Benefitsof4DModels 249
6.8.3 BIMToolswith4DCapability 250
6.8.4 BIM-SupportedPlanningand
SchedulingIssuesandGuidelines 254
6.9 5D: Quantity Takeoff and Cost Estimating 255
6.9.1 ExtractingQuantitiesfromBIMModels
forEstimating 257
6.9.2 GuidelinesandBIMImplementation
IssuestoSupportQuantityTakeoffand
Estimating 258
6.10 Production Planning and Control 260
6.11 Off-site Fabrication and Modular Construction 261
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6.12 BIM in the Field 263
6.12.1 DeliveringDesignInformationtothe
Field 263
6.12.2 CoordinatingProduction 267
6.12.3 SurveyingSiteConditions 268
6.13 Cost and Schedule Control and Other
Management Functions 270
6.14 Commissioning and Turnover 272
Chapter 6 Discussion Questions 273
CHAPTER 7 BIM for Subcontractors and Fabricators 275
7.0 Executive Summary 275
7.1 Introduction 276
7.2 Types of Subcontractors and Fabricators 278
7.2.1 SubcontractorTrades 279
7.2.2 Made-to-StockandMade-to-Order
ComponentSuppliers 280
7.2.3 Engineered-to-OrderComponent
Fabricators 281
7.2.4 DesignServiceProvidersand
SpecialistCoordinators 282
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7.2.5 Full-ServiceDesign-BuildPrefabricated
andModularConstruction 283
7.3 The Benefits of a BIM Process for Subcontractor
Fabricators 283
7.3.1 MarketingandTendering 285
7.3.2 ReducedProductionCycleTimes 286
7.3.3 ReducedDesignCoordinationErrors 287
7.3.4 LowerEngineeringandDetailingCosts 291
7.3.5 IncreasedUseofAutomated
ManufacturingTechnologies 292
7.3.6 IncreasedPreassembly,Prefabrication,
andModularConstruction 293
7.3.7 QualityControl,SupplyChain
Management,andLifecycle
Maintenance 296
7.4 Generic BIM System Requirements for
Fabricators 298
7.4.1 ParametricandCustomizableParts
andRelationships 298
7.4.2 ReportingComponentsforFabrication 302
7.4.3 InterfacetoManagementInformation
Systems 303
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