BGA International Conference on Foundations : innovations, observations, design and practice : proceedings of the international conference organised by British Geotechnical Association and held in Dundee, Scotland on 2-5th September 2003

971 Pages·2003·41.643 MB·English

by  Newson, Tim A

BGA International Conference on

Foundations
Innovations, observations, design and practice

Proceedings of the international conference organised by
British Geotechnical Association and held in Dundee,
Scotland on 2 – 5th September 2003.

Edited by T. A. Newson
Organising Committee
Tim Newson (Chair) Mike Kenny
Fraser Bransby Jan Laue
Alistair Chisholm Ian Pyrah
Michael Davies Dave Richards
Ian Finnie Nutan Subedi
Friederike Gunzel

International Advisory Board
Gabriel Auvinet, Mexico Fred Kulhawy, USA
(Chairman of TC36 of the Osamu Kusakabe, Japan
ISSMGE) Suzanne Lacasse, Norway
Jean Briaud, USA (Chairman of CF Leung, Singapore (Chairman of
TC33 of the ISSMGE) TC2 of the ISSMGE)
John Burland, UK Harry Poulos, Australia
John Carter, Australia Mark Randolph, Australia
Brian Clancy, UK Antun Szavits-Nossan, Croatia (co-
Chris Clayton, UK chair of TC37 of the ISSMGE)
BH Fellenius, Canada William F Van Impe, Belgium
George Gazetas, Greece (President of the ISSMGE)

Published for the Organising Committee by Thomas Telford Publishing, Thomas
Telford Ltd, 1 Heron Quay, London E14 4JD. www.thomastelford.com

First published 2003

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

ISBN: 0 7277 3244 7

© Authors and Thomas Telford Limited 2003

All rights, including translation, reserved. Except as permitted by the Copyright, Designs and Patents
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Printed and bound in Great Britain by MPG Books, Bodmin, Cornwall
Preface
This volume forms the proceedings of the British Geotechnical Association
International Conference on Foundations, held at The University of Dundee,
Scotland, from 2nd to 5th September 2003. The aim of this event was to provide a
forum for practitioners and researchers to discuss state-of-the-art construction
methods, numerical and analytical techniques, and laboratory tests for a broad
range of foundation related problems. The proceedings contains 94 papers
contributed by over 200 authors from many countries around the world.
Although foundation engineering is recognised as a mature discipline within
geotechnics, the diversity of applications and studies evident in this volume
demonstrates that the field is still developing and will continue to provide
challenges for engineers for many years.
I am most grateful to all the authors for their efforts in the preparation of the
papers, which have been arranged alphabetically by author, since many of the
papers contribute to more than one of the themes of the conference. I wish to
thank all of those who contributed to the success of the conference, and in
particular my colleagues on the local organising committee: Dr. Fraser Bransby,
Mr. Alistair Chisholm, Prof. Michael Davies, Dr. Ian Finnie, Dr. Friederike
Gunzel, Dr. Mike Kenny, Prof. Ian Pyrah, Dr. Dave Richards and Dr. Nutan
Subedi.

Tim Newson,
University of Dundee,
Division of Civil Engineering,
July 2003.
Contents
KEYNOTE PAPERS
Piling and retaining walls
D. Beadman 1
Modelling of shallow foundations for offshore structures
G. T. Houlsby 11
On the evolution from deterministic to reliability-based
foundations design
F. H. Kulhawy and K. K. Phoon 27
Seismic uplifting of foundations on soft soil, with examples
from Adapazari (Izmit 1999 earthquake)
G. Gazetas, M. Apostolou and J. Anastasopoulos 37

PAPERS
A proposed risk assessment model for geotechnical design
M. A. Abd Alghaffar, J. Oliphant and C. Dymiotis 51
Design of embedded walls to BS8002 and Eurocode 7 – a
comparative study
M. A. Abd Alghaffar, J. Oliphant and C. Dymiotis 61
Reliability of different methods in estimating bearing capacity
and stiffness of single piles
A. R. Ahmad, C. Madiai and G. Vannucchi 71
Geotextile encased columns (GEC): load capacity and
geotextile selection
D. Alexiew, G. J. Horgan and D. Brokemper 81
Contents v
Centrifuge research on suction piles: installation and bearing
capacity
H. G. B. Allersma 91
Investigation on suction pile retrieval
S. Bang and Y. Cho 99
Load-transfer method vs. continuum solution in pile group
analysis and design
F. Basile 109
Model tests on ship impact in a revetment performed in a
geotechnical centrifuge
A. Bezuijen, P. E. L. Schaminée and D. M. Lee 119
Grout, the foundation bored tunnel
A. Bezuijen and A. M. Talmon 129
Influence of field modulus non-linearity on pile settlement
R. Bovolenta and R. Berardi 139
A new interpretation of the compressibility of venetian
silty-clay soils
R. Butterfield, G. Gottardi, P. Simonini and S. Cola 149
Laboratory testing of shallow skirted foundations in sand
B.W. Byrne, F. Villalobos, G. T. Houlsby and C. M. Martin 161
Design and performance of a large diameter shaft in Dublin
boulder clay
Z. Cabarkapa, G. W. E. Milligan, C. O. Menkiti, J. Murphy
and D. M . Potts 175
Numerical analysis of piled raft foundations
F. Castelli and F. Di Mauro 187
A method for non-linear analysis of pile groups under vertical
loads
F. Castelli and E. Motta 197
Validation of an analytical solution for settlement prediction
of pile groups
F. Castelli and E. Motta 207
vi Contents
Scale effects of shallow foundation bearing capacity on
granular material
A. B. Cerato and A. J. Lutenegger 217
On the use of densification as a liquefaction resistance
measure
P. A. L. F. Coelho, S. K. Haigh, S. P. G. Madabhushi and
A. S. O’Brien 227
Seismic design of anchored retaining walls – 2D finite
difference analyses and practical design suggestions
T. Collotta, M. D’Angelantonio 239
Semi-analytical infinite element for three-dimensional finite
element analysis
J. P. Doherty and A. J. Deeks 249
An approach for nonlinear contact surface analysis and
application to pile installation
I. Einav and A Klar 259
Deep footing solution for Eureka Tower Project, Melbourne,
Australia
M. C. Ervin and J. E. Finlayson 269
Optimisation of gravity based design for subsea applications
R. Fisher and D. Cathie 283
The effect of eccentric loading on the bearing capacity of
shallow foundations
M. Foundoukos and R. J. Jardine 297
Experimental study on behaviour of model piled raft
foundations in sand using shaking table at 1-g gravitational
field
K. Fukumura, T. Matsumoto, A. Ohno and Y. Hashizume 307
End bearing of small pipe piles in dense sand
K. Gavin and B. Lehane 321
Contents vii
Study on the behaviour of shallow foundations during
liquefaction and mitigation methods by means of 1G shaking
table tests
A. Ghalandarzadeh and A. R. Khaki Khatibi 331
Alternative design approach for skirted footings under general
combined loading
S. Gourvenec 341
Lateral dynamic response of single vertical piles
M. Houda Jadi and F. Shamsher Prakash 351
Estimation of pile lengths of a failed school block using the
parallel seismic logging method
A. N. Hussein and K. B. Jaafar 361
Improving the lateral stability of monopile foundations
J. H. Irvine, P. G. Allan, B. G. Clarke and J. R. Peng 371
Centrifugal simulations of vertical vibration of shallow
foundation on sand
K. Itoh, M. Koda, O. Murata, A. Takahashi and O. Kusakabe 381
Sand flow failure of anisotropic ground bearing structure
and its countermeasure method
S. Kawamura and S. Miura 391
Static and dynamic analysis of an offshore mono-pie
windmill foundation
L Kellezi and P. B. Hansen 401
FEM analysis of jack-up spudcan penetration for multi-layered
critical soil conditions
L. Kellezi and H. Stromann 411
Pressure chamber testing of model caisson foundations
in sand
R. B. Kelly, B. W. Byrne, G. T. Houlsby and C. M. Martin 421
Continuous flight auger boring in sandy soils
M. J. Kenny, S. Guasti and P. Zsak 433
viii Contents
Offshore construction of bulkhead waste facilities by
H-joint steel pipe sheet piles
M. Kimura, J. K. Arap Too and K. Isobe 443
Effects of reaction piles in static axial pile load tests
P. Kitiyodom, T. Matsumoto and N. Kanefusa 453
Soil structure interaction of circular footings on layered soil:
first results
J. Laue, P. Nater and R. Herzog 463
A 3D finite difference analysis of pavements over pile-
reinforced soft soil
Y. Laurent, B. Simon, D. Dias and R. Kastner 473
Pile response due to nearby tunnelling
C. J. Lee, C. M. Kao and K. H. Chiang 483
One-way axial cyclic tension loading of driven piles in clay
B. M. Lehane, R. J. Jardine and B. A. McCabe 493
New approach of using jacked anchors as reinforcements
in soil stabilisatin works for a cut-and-cover tunnel with
17m deep excavation
S. S. Liew, Y. C. Tan, H. B. Ng and P. T. Lee 507
Bearing response of shallow foundations on structured soils
D. S. Liyanapathirana, J. P. Carter, D. W. Airey and
M. D. Liu 521
The use of settlement reducing piles to support a flexible
raft structure in west London
J. P. Love 531
Assessing pile driving risks in carbonate soils and rocks
A. J. Maconochie, R. Fisher and M. Finch 541
Suction piles for subsea structures – adapting design
conventions
A. J. Maconochie, J. Oliphant and R. Fisher 557
Contents ix
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations considering
inclinations of load and bearing stratum
Y. Maeda, H. Ochiani, N. Yasufuku and Y. Yokata 569
New software for rigorous bearing capacity calculations
C. M. Martin 581
Application of granulated blast furnace slag in the sand
compaction pile method
H. Matsuda, K. Kitayama, H. Shinozaki and K. Takamiya 593
Application of granulated blast furnace slag to light weight
embankment
H. Matsuda, N. Ohira, K. Takamiya, H. Shinozaki,
K. Kitayama and M. Murakami 603
Comparative analysis of static load testing and rapid load
testing
T. Matsumoto, F. W. Wang and P. Kitiyodom 613
Experimental evaluation of the settlements of a full scale
shallow foundation in a cohesive soil
M. Maugeri and D. Novità 625
Influence of tunnelling on the behaviour of existing piled
foundations
A. M. McNamara, R. N. Taylor, S. E. Stallebrass and
M. C. Romana 635
Construction and first measurements of a 36 m high
geosynthetic reinforced soil structure
N. Meyer, F. Bussert and H. Obermeyer 645
Cone penetration tests for the examination of plugging
effect of open-ended piles
T. Mizutani, Y. Kikuchi and H. Taguchi 655
Leaching of Hexavalent Chromium from cement treated soil
H. Mori, N. Tsuneoka, O. Ohno and Y. Shibata 665
Deformation analysis of light-weight breakwater on soft clay
S. Murakami and K. Yasuhara 675
x Contents
Bearing capacity of embedded shallow foundations in clay
T. Nakamura and M. Kitazume 685
An experimental study of inflatable offshore anchors in
soft clay
T. A. Newson, F. W. Smith and P. Brunning 695
Measurement and prediction of deformation patterns
beneath strip footings in sand
C. D. O’Loughlin and B. M. Lehane 705
Pile group foundations subjected to seismically induced
lateral spreading
A. Pamuk, T. F. Zimmie and T. Abdoun 715
Behaviour of sheet pile foundations on sand
P. Punrattanasin, J. Izawa, O. Kusakabe, O. Murata,
M. Koda and H. Nishioka 723
A preliminary assessment of the capacity of shallow footings
to rapid uplift
D. J. Richards 733
Ground-borne vibrations due to press-in piling operations
D. J. Rockhill, M. D. Bolton and D. J. white 743
Retaining wall movements, CTRL Contract 430 – Ashford
Tunnels
H. Roscoe 757
Cyclic loading effect on pile P-y curves: centrifuge modelling
F. Rosquoët, Y. Canepa, J. Garnier, L. Thorel and N. Thétiot 767
Full scale load tests on instrumented micropiles: technology
and behaviour
G. Russo and C. Viggiani 777
Bearing capacity of shallow foundations in incineration
bottom ash from municipal waste
K. Sato and M. C. R Davies 787
Foundation problems in an arid region
P. Scott 797