Table Of ContentINTERNATIONAL POLITICAL ECONOMY SERIES
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ECONOMIC RESTRUCTURING IN EAST ASIA AND INDIA: Perspectives
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SECURING SOUTH AFRICA'S DEMOCRACY: Defence, Development and
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FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT IN A CHANGING GLOBAL POLITICAL
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THE NEW REALISM: Perspectives on Multilateralism and World Order
Diane Ethier
ECONOMIC ADJUSTMENT IN NEW DEMOCRACIES: Lessons from
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GLOBALIZATION, DEMOCRATIZATION AND MULTILATERALISM
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THE AFTERMATH OF 'REAL EXISTING SOCIALISM' IN EASTERN
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David Hulme and Michael Edwards (editors)
NGOs, STATES AND DONORS: Too Close for Comfort?
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SOCIAL MOVEMENTS IN DEVELOPMENT: The Challenge of Globalization
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THE AFTERMATH OF 'REAL EXISTING SOCIALISM' IN EASTERN
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Laura Macdonald
SUPPORTING CIVIL SOCIETY: The Political Role of Non-Governmental
Organizations in Central America
Stephen D. McDowell
GLOBALIZATION, LIBERALIZATION AND POLICY CHANGE: A Political
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Juan Antonio Morales and Gary McMahon (editors)
ECONOMIC POLICY AND THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY: The Latin
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Ted Schrecker (editor)
SURVIVING GLOBALISM: The Social and Environmental Challenges
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LEGISLATIVE DRAFTING FOR MARKET REFORM: Some Lessons from
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CAPITAL BEYOND BORDERS: States and Firms in the Auto Industry,
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GLOBALIZATION AND THE SOUTH
Geoffrey R. D. Underhill (editor)
THE NEW WORLD ORDER IN INTERNATIONAL FINANCE
Henry Veltmeyer, James Petras and Steve Vieux
NEOLIBERALISM AND CLASS CONFLICT IN LATIN AMERICA: A
Comparative Perspective on the Political Economy of Structural Adjustment
International Political Economy Series
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Beyond UN
Subcontracting
Task-Sharing with
Regional Security Arrangements
and Service-Providing NGOs
Edited by
Thomas G. Weiss
Brown University
Providence
Rhode Island
First published in Great Britain 1998 by
MACMILLAN PRESS LTD
Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London
Companies and representatives throughout the world
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
ISBN 978-0-333-72508-5 ISBN 978-1-349-26263-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-349-26263-2
First published in the Uni ted States of America 1998 by
ST. MARTIN'S PRESS, INC ..
Scholarly and Reference Division,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010
ISBN 978-0-312-21051-9
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Beyond UN subcontracting : task-sharing with regional security
arrangements and service providing NGOs / edited by Thomas G. Weiss.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-312-21051-9 (cloth)
I. International police. 2. Non-govemmental organizations.
3. Security, International. I. Weiss, Thomas George.
KZ6374.B49 1998
06O-dc21 97-22770
CIP
© Third World Quarterly and Academic Council on the United Nations System 1998
All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made
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No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with
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sustained forest sources.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 I
07 06 05 04 03 02 01 00 99 98
In memory of Joaquin Tacsan
Contents
List of Tables ix
Preface xi
Notes on the Contributors xv
List ofA bbreviations xix
Part I: Frameworks for Analysis
Regional Arrangements, the UN, and International Security:
a Framework for Analysis 3
Muthiah Alagappa
2 Devolving Responsibilities: a Framework for Analysing
NGOs and Services 30
Leon Gordenkerand Thomas G. Weiss
Part II: Regionalism and International Security
3 Before and After Dayton: the UN and NATO in the Former
Yugoslavia 49
Dick A. Leurdijk
4 The Liberian Conflict and the ECOW AS-UN Partnership 67
Clement E. Adibe
5 Searching for OASIUN Task-Sharing Opportunities in
Central America and Haiti 91
JoaquIn Tacsan
6 On the Front Lines in the Near Abroad: the CIS and the
OSCE in Georgia's Civil Wars 115
S. Neil MacFarlane
Part III: Non-governmental Delivery of Services
7 NGO Relief in War Zones: Toward an Analysis of the
New Aid Paradigm 139
Mark Duffield
vii
Vlll Contents
8 Democratization from the Outside In: NGOs and
International Efforts to Promote Open Elections 160
Vikram K. Chand
9 NGOs and Development Assistance: a Change in
Mind-set? 184
Ian Smillie
10 NGOs and the Environment: from Knowledge to Action 203
Sheila Jasanofj
Part IV: Conclusions
11 UN Task-Sharing: Toward or Away from Global
Governance? 227
Edwin M. Smith and Thomas G. Weiss
Index 259
List of Tables
1.1 Regional institutions and security: a framework for
analysis 12
4.1 Composition of UNOM IL, April 1995 77
4.2 The major provisions and timetable of the Abuja
Agreement 79
6.1 Key events in the Osset and Abkhaz conflicts 120
10.1 NGOs in environmental governance 205
IX
Preface
The ever-burgeoning demand for helping hands from United Nations (UN)
soldiers and other personnel led former Secretary-General Boutros
Boutros-Ghali in his 1995 Supplement to An Agenda for Peace to write
that the 'increased volume of activity would have strained the
Organization even if the nature of the activity had remained unchanged'.
As well as the volume and nature having changed, financial juggling has
become a perpetual challenge as states fail to meet their obligations.
Accumulated total arrears hovered around something like $3.5 billion in
1996, which equalled about three times the regular United Nations budget.
The disparity between demand and supply along with inadequate
finances point to a 'strategic overstretch' by the UN of the type that Paul
Kennedy attributes to empires in his The Rise and Fall of the Great
Powers. The clearest diagnosis of the world organization's ills after its
fiftieth anniversary is over-extension. The United Nations can cut back on
activities or choose to accentuate and actively pursue as a strategy a recent
trend toward relying upon regional arrangements or major states for mili-
tary services, on the one hand, and upon non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) for the provision of services, on the other.
Most partisans of multilateralism and supporters of the UN system
argue that pursuing global governance requires, first and foremost,
strengthening global institutions. The starting point for this volume is dif-
ferent: global governance - defined as better ordered and more reliable re-
sponses to problems that go beyond the individual or collective capacities
of even powerful states - can also be fostered by a better division of
labour between universal membership and other intergovernmental and
non-governmental institutions. As such, strengthening the UN system
necessitates that the world organization do what it does best, or at least
better than other institutions, and devolve responsibilities when other
institutions are in a position to respond effectively.
This research project was designed to shed light on this alternative ap-
proach, which is captured in the subtitle and title of this volume. The first
part contains two frameworks for analysis. There follows in the second and
third parts post-Cold War case studies about the 'UN task-sharing with
regional security arrangements and service-providing NGOs' (the subtitle)
in order to determine whether we have taken steps toward or away from bet-
ter global governance. A word is in order about the term 'subcontracting',
xi
